complementarity effects
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Príspevok sa zameriava na hlbšiu analýzu koncepcie črtovej emocionálnej inteligencie (EI) ako jedného z troch prístupov k operacionalizácii konštruktu EI. Teoretická a následne empirická verifikácia stavia na dizajne komparácie dvoch koncepcií črtovej EI (model N.S. Schutteovej (1998) a jej škálu Schutte´s Emotional Intelligence Scale /SEIS/ a model K.V. Petridesa (2009) a jeho dotazníka Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire /TEIQue-SF/) prostredníctvom dvoch štatistických analýz (posúdenie diferencií a komplementarity) u dvoch výskumných súborov (vysokoškoláci: N=138; Mvek=21.52 /SD=1.81/, 77% žien a stredoškoláci: N=154, Mvek=17.7 /SD=0.47/, 66% žien). Komparačná analýza párovým t-testom (p<0.001) ako aj vecná významnosť (d≥2.00) preukázala vysoko významné rozdiely v dosiahnutej globálnej úrovni črtovej EI u oboch výskumných súborov v prospech vyššieho skóre zistenom dotazníkom TEIQue-SF. Korelačná (0.66***≤r≤0.72***) ako aj regresná analýza (43%-52%, p<0.001) potvrdzuje u obidvoch skupín vysoko významnú mieru vzájomného prekývania sa oboch konštruktov. V oboch prípadoch signifikantnými prediktormi (p<0.01) globálnej črtovej EI zo škály SEIS zostali faktory well-beingu, emocionalitu a sociability z dotazníka TEIQue-SF, ktoré zostali v signifikantnom vzťahu s črtovou EI zo škály SEIS aj po kontrole vplyvu ostatných faktorov (0.24***≤r≤0.42***). Dva modely črtovej EI sa javia vzájomne kompatibilné s istými diferenciami determinovanými ich teoretickou konceptualizáciou.
The ever-lasting interest in the construct of intelligence has not weaken its research exploration for more than a century. Nowadays it is possible to identify more than 70 various intelligence definitions emphasizing the need for its deeper operationalization. At the end of the last century, the fundamental baseline of this construct has become the ability to reach the personal success in life arising from the self-awareness concept providing the starting point for new intelligence concept formation. Referring to the newly formed intelligence constructs, the most verified one is the concept of emotional intelligence (further on EI, Mayer, & Salovey, 1990). The current theoretical and empirical analysis of three various EI conceptualizations (such as cognitive-emotional ability, mixed models and trait models) provokes creation of various tools for their assessment. The article is aimed at deeper analysis of trait emotional intelligence conceptualization (EI) as a part of EI model construct operationalization. The trait EI theoretical and following empirical verification is based on estimating the relation between two trait EI models: N.S. Schutte´s model (1998) and her scale Schutte´s Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) and K.V. Petrides´ model (2009) and his questionnaire Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue-SF). Then there are, used two statistical procedures (difference and complementarity estimation) with two research samples (High school students: N=154, Mage=17.7 /SD=0.47/, 66% females and University students: N=138; Mage=21.52 /SD=1.81/, 77% females). The comparison analysis based on pair t-test (p<0.001) as well Cohen´s effect size (d≥2.00) prove highly significant and meaningful differences between the global trait EI levels of both research samples separately in favor to higher global level of trait EI assessed by TEIQue-SF. The correlation analysis (0.66***≤r≤0.72***) as well the regression analysis (43%-52%, p<0.001) support the significant level of mutual complementarity of the constructs assessed by two trait EI instruments of both research samples. In both research samples the significant predictors (p<0.01) of global trait EI level assessed by SEIS scale were factors of well-being, emotionality and sociability from TEIQue-SF questionnaire that stated in significant relation with trait EI assessed by SEIS also while controlling for the other factors (0.24***≤r≤0.42***). We can conclude both models of trait EI seem to be compatible with certain differences determined by their theoretical conceptualization where Schutte´s SEIS scale is based on Mayer and Salovey´s EI model of emotional strategies. On the contrary, Petrides´ model arises from more precise, deeper and more complex analysis of various aspects related to emotion-related self-perceived abilities and behavioral dispositions. Our suggestion is to draw together various trait EI conceptualizations and create one complex trait EI model arising from the complex theoretical analysis operationalized by psychometrically valid and reliable instrument.
- MeSH
- dospělí psychologie MeSH
- emoce MeSH
- emoční inteligence * MeSH
- inteligenční testy * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- psychologie adolescentů MeSH
- psychologie MeSH
- psychometrie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- studenti psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zpráva o sobě statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: V(D)J recombination takes place during lymphocyte development to generate a large repertoire of T- and B-cell receptors. Mutations in recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1) and RAG2 result in loss or reduction of V(D)J recombination. It is known that different mutations in RAG genes vary in residual recombinase activity and give rise to a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. OBJECTIVE: We sought to study the immunologic mechanisms causing the clinical spectrum of RAG deficiency. METHODS: We included 22 patients with similar RAG1 mutations (c.519delT or c.368_369delAA) resulting in N-terminal truncated RAG1 protein with residual recombination activity but presenting with different clinical phenotypes. We studied precursor B-cell development, immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor repertoire formation, receptor editing, and B- and T-cell numbers. RESULTS: Clinically, patients were divided into 3 main categories: T(-)B(-) severe combined immunodeficiency, Omenn syndrome, and combined immunodeficiency. All patients showed a block in the precursor B-cell development, low B- and T-cell numbers, normal immunoglobulin gene use, limited B- and T-cell repertoires, and slightly impaired receptor editing. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that similar RAG mutations can result in similar immunobiological effects but different clinical phenotypes, indicating that the level of residual recombinase activity is not the only determinant for clinical outcome. We postulate a model in which the type and moment of antigenic pressure affect the clinical phenotypes of these patients.
- MeSH
- B-lymfocyty imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- fenotyp * MeSH
- genetické asociační studie * MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- homeodoménové proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- hypervariabilní oblasti genetika MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- počet lymfocytů MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- těžká kombinovaná imunodeficience diagnóza genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- těžké řetězce imunoglobulinů genetika MeSH
- V(D)J rekombinace MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Transport of ligands between bulk solvent and the buried active sites is a critical event in the catalytic cycle of many enzymes. The rational design of transport pathways is far from trivial due to the lack of knowledge about the effect of mutations on ligand transport. The main and an auxiliary tunnel of haloalkane dehalogenase LinB have been previously engineered for improved dehalogenation of 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE). The first chemical step of DBE conversion was enhanced by L177W mutation in the main tunnel, but the rate-limiting product release was slowed down because the mutation blocked the main access tunnel and hindered protein dynamics. Three additional mutations W140A + F143L + I211L opened-up the auxiliary tunnel and enhanced the product release, making this four-point variant the most efficient catalyst with DBE. Here we study the impact of these mutations on the catalysis of bulky aromatic substrates, 4-(bromomethyl)-6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (COU) and 8-chloromethyl-4,4'-difluoro-3,5-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BDP). The rate-limiting step of DBE conversion is the product release, whereas the catalysis of COU and BDP is limited by the chemical step. The catalysis of COU is mainly impaired by the mutation L177W, whereas the conversion of BDP is affected primarily by the mutations W140A + F143L + I211L. The combined computational and kinetic analyses explain the differences in activities between the enzyme-substrate pairs. The effect of tunnel mutations on catalysis depends on the rate-limiting step, the complementarity of the tunnels with the substrates and is clearly specific for each enzyme-substrate pair.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The repertoire of T- and B-cell receptor sequences encodes the antigen specificity of adaptive immunity system, determines its present state and guides its ability to mount effective response against encountered antigens in future. High throughput sequencing of immune repertoires (Rep-Seq) is a promising technique that allows to profile millions of antigen receptors of an individual in a single experiment. While a substantial number of tools for mapping and assembling Rep-Seq data were published recently, the field still lacks an intuitive and flexible tool that can be used by researchers with little or no computational background for in-depth analysis of immune repertoire profiles. RESULTS: Here we report VDJviz, a web tool that can be used to browse, analyze and perform quality control of Rep-Seq results generated by various pre-processing software. On a set of real data examples we show that VDJviz can be used to explore key repertoire characteristics such as spectratype, repertoire clonality, V-(D)-J recombination patterns and to identify shared clonotypes. We also demonstrate the utility of VDJviz in detection of critical Rep-Seq biases such as artificial repertoire diversity and cross-sample contamination. CONCLUSIONS: VDJviz is a versatile and lightweight tool that can be easily employed by biologists, immunologists and immunogeneticists for routine analysis and quality control of Rep-Seq data. The software is freely available for non-commercial purposes, and can be downloaded from: https://github.com/antigenomics/vdjviz .
- MeSH
- B-lymfocyty imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- genomika metody normy MeSH
- hypervariabilní oblasti genetika MeSH
- internetový prohlížeč MeSH
- klonální evoluce genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- software * MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- V(D)J rekombinace * MeSH
- výpočetní biologie metody normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Despite novel treatment strategies, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease with low immunogenicity and multiple immune defects. We developed an ex vivo strategy for inducing myeloma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and demonstrate the possibility of identification and long-term in vivo monitoring of individual myeloma-specific T-cell clones using the most sensitive clonotypic assay that is able to detect low frequencies of T-cell clones (1 clonotypic cell in 10(6) cells). Ten patients with MM were examined for the presence of tumour-reactive T cells using dendritic cells loaded with autologous tumour cells. All patients had detectable myeloma-reactive T cells in vitro. Expanded myeloma-reactive T cells demonstrated specific cytotoxic effects against autologous tumour cells in vitro (median 39.6% at an effector:target ratio of 40:1). The clonality of myeloma-specific T cells was studied with a clonotypic assay, which demonstrated both oligoclonal and monoclonal populations of myeloma-specific T cells. CD8(+) CTLs were the most immunodominant myeloma-specific T-cell clones and clinical responses were closely associated with the in vivo expansion and long-term persistence of individual CD8(+) T-cell clones, usually at very low frequencies (10(-3)-10(-6)). We conclude that the clonotypic assay is the most sensitive tool for immunomonitoring of low-frequency T cells.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů imunologie MeSH
- antigeny nádorové imunologie MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace imunologie MeSH
- buněčné klony imunologie MeSH
- cytotoxicita imunologická imunologie MeSH
- cytotoxické T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- dendritické buňky imunologie MeSH
- hypervariabilní oblasti genetika imunologie MeSH
- imunodominantní epitopy imunologie MeSH
- imunomagnetická separace metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetný myelom imunologie terapie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- monitorování imunologické metody MeSH
- nádorové buňky kultivované MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- prezentace antigenu imunologie MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Global change drivers are rapidly altering resource availability and biodiversity. While there is consensus that greater biodiversity increases the functioning of ecosystems, the extent to which biodiversity buffers ecosystem productivity in response to changes in resource availability remains unclear. We use data from 16 grassland experiments across North America and Europe that manipulated plant species richness and one of two essential resources-soil nutrients or water-to assess the direction and strength of the interaction between plant diversity and resource alteration on above-ground productivity and net biodiversity, complementarity, and selection effects. Despite strong increases in productivity with nutrient addition and decreases in productivity with drought, we found that resource alterations did not alter biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Our results suggest that these relationships are largely determined by increases in complementarity effects along plant species richness gradients. Although nutrient addition reduced complementarity effects at high diversity, this appears to be due to high biomass in monocultures under nutrient enrichment. Our results indicate that diversity and the complementarity of species are important regulators of grassland ecosystem productivity, regardless of changes in other drivers of ecosystem function.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- eutrofizace * MeSH
- fyziologie rostlin * MeSH
- období sucha * MeSH
- pastviny * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Severní Amerika MeSH
The RNA interference (RNAi) approach is an efficient and widely used method for silencing plant and animal genes. However, numerous studies have highlighted several obstacles that need to be overcome in order to achieve a specific and efficient silencing effect. Among the major problems of using RNAi in mammalian systems are non-specific effects, such as an undesirable activation of the IFN response, and off-target effects, whereby partial complementarity of an RNAi trigger to non-targeted transcripts causes unwanted silencing effects. The causes of non-specific effects and possible approaches to minimize them are discussed in this review.
Public support of training in firms corresponds to the long-term importance of the quality of human capital in the competitiveness of firms and nations. Thus, the EU supports such training via the European Social Fund (ESF). The evaluation community evaluates the support by using either qualitative or quantitative methods. The simultaneous application of these two approaches is rare. The purpose of this paper is to combine quantitative (counterfactual impact evaluation) and qualitative (qualitative comparative analysis) methods in order to fill the methodological gap. Based on the combination of both approaches, it explores their strengths, complementarity and disadvantages to evaluate public support for employee training in the Czech Republic. The combination of methods makes it possible to identify not only the impacts but also their causes. Linking the ESF support to corporate competitiveness is crucial for demonstrating the effectiveness of public spending.
- MeSH
- doškolování organizace a řízení MeSH
- financování vládou ekonomika organizace a řízení MeSH
- hodnocení programu metody MeSH
- kauzalita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- případové studie organizací MeSH
- výzkumný projekt * MeSH
- zaměstnanost organizace a řízení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
V súvislosti s tendenciami aplikovať kvantovú teóriu aj v psychológii sa na základe najmä zahraničnej literatúry podávajú v prvej časti príspevku niektoré základné poznatky kvantovej teórie a to v zjednodušenej forme. Ide o popis základných pojmov z tejto oblasti (kvant, superpozícia, komplementarita, komplementárna logika) a východiskovej teórie (neokodaňská interpretácia). Aplikácia uvedených poznatkov sa zameriava najprv na vymedzenie kvantovej psychológie (R. Dalrymple) a potom na otázky vedomia (M. Bancroft), kognitívnych procesov (E. Conte) ap. V závere príspevku sa kritizujú nezdôvodnené aplikácie (časté len premenovanie doterajších, psychologických termínov, metafory), redukcionistické chápanie psychiky). Na druhej strane je potrebný seriózny vedecký prístup v tejto oblasti (jasné formulovanie východisiek, odvolávanie sa na konkrétnu fyzikálnu interpretáciu kvantovej teórie).
Based largely on foreign literature, the first part of the paper offers a simplified version of some basic knowledge of quantum theory to comply with the tendencies to apply quantum theory in psychology. The paper contains description of basic terminology in this field (quant, superposition, complementarity, complementary logic) and in the neo-Copenhagen interpretation of the original theory. Application of the aforementioned knowledge is focused primarily on defining quantum psychology (R. Dalrymple) and secondarily on questions of consciousness (M. Bancroft), cognitive processes (E. Conte) and such. The paper concludes with criticism of unsubstantiated applications (mere renaming of present psychological terminology, metaphors, reductionism in understanding human psyche). On the other hand, a reliable scientific approach is necessary in this field of study (clear formulation of themes, references to the specific physical interpretation of quantum theory).
This work describes the development of two methods involving supported liquid extraction (SLE) sample treatment followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography or ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS and UHPSFC-MS/MS) for the screening of 43 anabolic agents in human urine. After evaluating different stationary phases, a polar-embedded C18 and a diol columns were selected for UHPLC-MS/MS and UHPSFC-MS/MS, respectively. Sample preparation, mobile phases and MS conditions were also finely tuned to achieve highest selectivity, chromatographic resolution and sensitivity. Then, the performance of these two methods was compared to the reference routine procedure for steroid analyses in anti-doping laboratories, which combines liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). For this purpose, urine samples spiked with the compounds of interest at five different concentrations were analyzed using the three analytical platforms. The retention and selectivity of the three techniques were very different, ensuring a good complementarity. However, the two new methods displayed numerous advantages. The overall procedure was much faster thanks to high throughput SLE sample treatment using 48-well plates and faster chromatographic analysis. Moreover, the highest sensitivity was attained using UHPLC-MS/MS with 98% of the doping agents detected at the lowest concentration level (0.1ng/mL), against 76% for UHPSFC-MS/MS and only 14% for GC-MS/MS. Finally, the weakest matrix effects were obtained with UHPSFC-MS/MS with 76% of the analytes displaying relative matrix effect between -20 and 20%, while the GC-MS/MS reference method displayed very strong matrix effects (over 100%) for all of the anabolic agents.
- MeSH
- anabolika moč MeSH
- chromatografie plynová MeSH
- doping ve sportu prevence a kontrola MeSH
- extrakce kapalina-kapalina MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odhalování abúzu drog metody MeSH
- steroidy moč MeSH
- superkritická fluidní chromatografie metody MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
