energy generation Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
WHO regional publications ; European series No. 19
71 s. : il.
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- environmentální vědy
- environmentální vědy
- hygiena
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
Autori vyšetrili 56 postmenopauzálnych žien vo veku od 43 do 68 rokov a 28 mužov vo veku od 40 do 66 rokov s diagnostikovanou osteopéniou alebo osteoporózou. U každého pacienta sa realizovali štyri denzitometrické vyšetrenia: 1. ultrasonometria (USM) íavej pätnej kosti (parameter: index tuhosti - S, prístroj: Achilles plus, LUNAR, USA), 2. dvojenergiová rontgenová absorpciometria (DEXA) Tavej pätnej kosti (parameter: denzita kostného minerálu - BMDp v g Ca hydroxiapatitu/cm2 , prístroj: PIXl, LUNAR, USA), 3. kvantitatívna počíl pristroj: PIXI, LUNAR, USA), 3. kvantitatívna počítačová tomografia (QCT) trabekulámej časti a kortikálnej časti stavca Li (parameter: BMDLi, BMDCLi v mg Ca hydroxiapatitu/cm3, prístroj: CT, Somatom plus. Siemens, SRN). Ciel práce: 1. Vzájomne porovnať namerané absolútne hodnoty a hodnoty T-skóre z troch denzitometrov. 2. Zistiť, ktorý z denzitometrov merajúcich periférny skelet lepšie vypovedá o prevalencii osteoporózy v axiálnom skelete. Statistická analýza: Stochasticko-stochastická lineáma regresná analýza. Výsledky: 1. V súbore mužov a žien bola štatisticky významnejšia závislosť medzi BMDLi - S (rM = 0,66, rž = 0,64) ako medzi BMDLi - BMDp (rM = 0,60, rž = 0,57). 2. Hodnoty T-skóre merané rôznymi denzitometrami holi vzájomne štatisticky významne rozdielne v súbore mužov a žien. 3. Z hodnot T-skóre získaných meraním na pätnej kosti sa najviac priblížiU hodnotám T-skóre pre BMDL1 (x = -2,56 SD) hodnoty T-skóre pre S (x = -1,50 SD) v súbore postmenopauzálnych žien. Záver: 1. T-skóre pre S pätnej kosti vypovedá o prevalencii osteoporózy v axiálnom skelete lepšie ako T-skóre pre BMDp v súbore postmenopauzálnych žien. 2. Pri hodnotách T-skóre: <, -0,78 SD u mužov a T-skóre: í, -0,75 SD (^ 0,62 SD) u žien pre BMDp (S) je predpoklad nálezu osteoporózy na stavcoch meraných pomocou QCT. Uvedené závery nemajú všeobecnú platnosť, ale platia len pre merania uskutočnené na nereferenčných denzitometroch použitých v tejto práci. Poukazujú na to, Že denzitometre pre meranie na periférnom skelete nie sú alternatívnym vyšetrením, ale doplňujúcim vyšetrením k denzitometrii axiálneho skeletu.
The authors examined 56 postmenopausal women aged 43 to 68 years and 28 men aged 40 to 66 years with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Every patient was subjected to four densitometric examinations: 1. ultrasonometry (USM) of the left calcaneum (parameter: stiffness index - S, apparatus: Achilles plus, LUNAR, USA), 2. dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) of the left calcaneum (parameter: bone mineral density - BMDp v g of Ca hydroxyapatite/cm2, apparatus: PIXI, LUNAR, USA), 3. quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of the trabecular portion and cortical portion of the vertebra L1 (parameter: BMDLi, BMDCL1 in mg of Ca hydroxyapatite/cm3, apparatus: CT, Somatom plus, Siemens, GFR). Objective: 1. To compare assessed absolute values and T-score values of three densitometers. 2. To assess which of the densitometers assessing the peripheral skeleton provides better information on the prevalence of osteoporosis in the axial skeleton. Statistical analysis: Stochastic-stochastic linear regression analysis. Results: 1. In the group of men and women there was a statistically more significant relationship between BMDLi - S (nvi = 0.66 rt = 0.64) than between BML1 - BMDp (rM = 0.60, rt = 0.57). 2. Values of the T-score assessed by different densitometers differed significantly in the group of men and women, 3. Among values of the T-score obtained from measurements of the calcaneum the values of the T-score for BMDLi (x = -2.56 SD) were closest to the T-score for S (x = -1.50 SD) in the group of postmenopausal women. Conclusion: 1. In postmenopausal women the T-score for the calcaneum provides information on the prevalence of osteoporosis in the axial skeleton better than the T-score for BMDp. 2. When the values of the T-score equal or are smaller than -0.78 SD in men and the T-score is equal or is smaller than 0.75 SD (< 0.62 SD) in women for BMDp (S) there are preprequisites for the finding of osteoporosis of the vetebrae assessed by QCT. The mentioned conclusions do not have general validity and apply only to assessments made on non-reference densitometers used in the authors' work. They draw attention to the fact that densitometries for measurements on the peripheral skeleton are not an alternative but a supplementary examination for densitometry of the axial skeleton.
- MeSH
- absorpční fotometrie metody MeSH
- kostní denzita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteoporóza MeSH
- patní kost MeSH
- postmenopauza MeSH
- ultrasonografie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Very strict limits constrain the current possibilities for compost utilization in agriculture and for land reclamation, thus creating a need for other compost utilization practices. A favourable alternative can be compost utilization as a renewable heat source - alternative fuel. The changes of the basic physical-chemical parameters during the composting process are evaluated. During the composting process, energy losses of 920 kJ/kg occur, caused by carbohydrate decomposition (loss of 12.64% TOC). The net calorific value for mature compost was 11.169 kJ/kg dry matter. The grain size of compost below 0.045 mm has the highest ash content. The energetic utilization of compost depended on moisture, which can be influenced by paper addition or by prolonging the time of maturation to six months.
- MeSH
- biopaliva MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- spalování odpadů metody MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- zachování přírodních zdrojů MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Humans generate remarkable quantities of energy while performing daily activities, but this energy usually dissipates into the environment. Here, we address recent progress in the development of nanogenerators (NGs): devices that are able to harvest such body-produced biomechanical and thermal energies by exploiting piezoelectric, triboelectric, and thermoelectric physical effects. In designing NGs, the end-user's comfort is a primary concern. Therefore, we focus on recently developed materials giving flexibility and stretchability to NGs. In addition, we summarize common fabrics for NG design. Finally, the mid-2020s market forecasts for these promising technologies highlight the potential for the commercialization of NGs because they may help contribute to the route of innovation for developing self-powered systems.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obnovitelná energie * MeSH
- textilie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Bottom ash (BA) from waste-to-energy (WtE) plants contains valuable components, particularly ferrous (Fe) and non-ferrous (NFe) metals, which can be recovered. To assess the resource recovery potential of BA in the Czech Republic, it was necessary to obtain its detailed material composition. This paper presents the material composition of BA samples from all three Czech WtE plants. It was found that the BA contained 9.2-22.7% glass, 1.8-5.1% ceramics and porcelain, 0.2-1.0% unburnt organic matter, 10.2-16.3% magnetic fraction, 6.1-11.0% Fe scrap, and 1.3-2.8% NFe metals (in dry matter). The contents of individual components were also studied with respect to the BA granulometry and character of the WtE waste collection area.
- MeSH
- kovy analýza MeSH
- magnetismus MeSH
- nakládání s odpady * MeSH
- popel uhelný * MeSH
- spalování odpadů * MeSH
- zdroje energie * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The anaerobic digestion of primary and waste activated sludge generates biogas that can be converted into energy to power the operation of a sewage wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). But can the biogas generated by anaerobic sludge digestion ever completely satisfy the electricity requirements of a WWTP with 'standard' energy consumption (i.e. industrial pollution not treated, no external organic substrate added)? With this question in mind, we optimized biogas production at Prague's Central Wastewater Treatment Plant in the following ways: enhanced primary sludge separation; thickened waste activated sludge; implemented a lysate centrifuge; increased operational temperature; improved digester mixing. With these optimizations, biogas production increased significantly to 12.5 m(3) per population equivalent per year. In turn, this led to an equally significant increase in specific energy production from approximately 15 to 23.5 kWh per population equivalent per year. We compared these full-scale results with those obtained from WWTPs that are already energy self-sufficient, but have exceptionally low energy consumption. Both our results and our analysis suggest that, with the correct optimization of anaerobic digestion technology, even WWTPs with 'standard' energy consumption can either attain or come close to attaining energy self-sufficiency.
- MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- biopaliva MeSH
- měření biologické spotřeby kyslíku MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
- odpadní vody MeSH
- zdroje energie * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
