farming conditions
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BACKGROUND: The aim of this 3-year study was to investigate the effect of different celeriac cultivation strategies on the content of naturally occurring toxicants furanocoumarins, represented by psoralen, bergapten, xanthotoxin and isopimpinellin. The products from organic farming in which anaerobically fermented pig slurry was used were compared against those obtained from other treatment systems: mineral, combined and non-fertilised. RESULTS: The average levels of furanocoumarins for all 3 years (determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) in varieties Albin and Kompakt were 2.6 mg kg⁻¹ and 10.2 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. In all crop years higher levels were found in variety Kompakt. By using linear discriminant analysis it was possible to separate the whole data set according to variety from 85.7%, in individual crop years the recognition ability was more than 90%. According to the crop year, it was possible to separate tested samples from 70.8%, for individual variety the separation was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The method of fertilisation did not have a significant effect on the levels of plant secondary metabolites, furanocoumarins. The climatic conditions, in particular the growing periods and the celeriac variety, had an important role in the occurrence of furanocoumarins.
- MeSH
- anaerobní bakterie metabolismus MeSH
- Apium chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- biopotraviny analýza MeSH
- biozemědělství metody MeSH
- diskriminační analýza MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- furokumariny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- hnůj analýza mikrobiologie MeSH
- kontaminace potravin * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kořeny rostlin chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počasí MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva škodlivé účinky analýza mikrobiologie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- Sus scrofa MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The rapidly growing demand for organic food requires the availability of analytical tools enabling their authentication. Recently, metabolomic fingerprinting/profiling has been demonstrated as a challenging option for a comprehensive characterisation of small molecules occurring in plants, since their pattern may reflect the impact of various external factors. In a two-year pilot study, concerned with the classification of organic versus conventional crops, ambient mass spectrometry consisting of a direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) was employed. This novel methodology was tested on 40 tomato and 24 pepper samples grown under specified conditions. To calculate statistical models, the obtained data (mass spectra) were processed by the principal component analysis (PCA) followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The results from the positive ionisation mode enabled better differentiation between organic and conventional samples than the results from the negative mode. In this case, the recognition ability obtained by LDA was 97.5% for tomato and 100% for pepper samples and the prediction abilities were above 80% for both sample sets. The results suggest that the year of production had stronger influence on the metabolomic fingerprints compared with the type of farming (organic versus conventional). In any case, DART-TOFMS is a promising tool for rapid screening of samples. Establishing comprehensive (multi-sample) long-term databases may further help to improve the quality of statistical classification models.
The breeding of domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) for human consumption has a long tradition mainly in European and Asian countries. Infections that can affect the production of meat or even be transmitted from animals to humans are important to monitor, especially for public health reasons as well as for their impact on animals health. This study aimed to collect sera from rabbits bred in different conditions and test the presence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies. Whether infections were active or latent was assessed by determining the occurrence of IgM or IgM together with IgG antibodies which indicated active infection whereas latent infection was characterized by finding IgG antibodies only. An ELISA test was performed with 1883 sera samples collected throughout the Czech and Slovak Republics. The seroprevalence of T. gondii in 902 samples from 6 commercial farms (CF) was very low with only 4 rabbits (0.4%) being positive. In total 99 (10.1%) individuals out of 981 samples from 29 household farms (HF) were positive for T. gondii antibodies. Only 2 (50%) of the T. gondii positive CF rabbits had active infections while the rest were latently infected. The serological results showed that 35 (35.4%) rabbits from the T. gondii positive HF group suffered from active infection. Out of CF samples 185 (20.5%) were positive for E. cuniculi. Antibodies of E. cuniculi were detected in 497 (50.7%) HF rabbits. Active E. cuniculi infections were determined in 85.9% of CF and 56.3% of HF rabbits; respectively. Interestingly, the E. cuniculi positive rabbits were significantly more often positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies in comparison to E. cuniculi negative individuals. Prevalence of T. gondii in CF rabbits was negligible. According to our results meat of HF rabbits still poses a risk of T. gondii infection. Nevertheless, the risk is on its lowest level in 20 years which is apparently caused due to changes in feeding practices. The occurrence of E. cuniculi antibodies was significantly lower in rabbits from commercial farms, apparently because of better hygiene conditions.
- MeSH
- ELISA veterinární MeSH
- Encephalitozoon cuniculi imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- encephalitozoonóza veterinární MeSH
- králíci imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- protilátky protozoální krev MeSH
- séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
- Toxoplasma imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- toxoplazmóza zvířat epidemiologie MeSH
- veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Modern pesticides rapidly degrade after their application due to both physicochemical factors and through biotransformation. Consequently, pesticide residues in samples might be either undetectable or detected at low concentrations (≤10 μg/kg). Under such conditions, a monitoring of pesticide metabolites in samples might be a conceivable solution enabling the documentation of earlier pesticide use. Analysis of metabolites might pose analytical challenges because pesticide degradation leads to the production of a number of metabolites, differing somewhat in their structure and polarity. This study was focused on the determination of pesticide residues and their metabolites in samples of grapevine and wine using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry, with the objective of supporting the possibility of the verification of the method of farming. It documents the identification of pesticide metabolites commonly used in conventional farming and provides a characterization of pesticide degradation during grapevine growth, maturation, and during the wine-making process.
- MeSH
- biozemědělství normy MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- ovoce chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- rezidua pesticidů analýza metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- víno analýza MeSH
- Vitis chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
