• MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care, Integrated MeSH
• Breast Feeding MeSH
• Milk, Human MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Kojení, BFHI, rizikové faktory ze strany matky a dítěte, monitorvání, rozbor, výstupy do praxe, zvyšování počtu BFH nemocnic, zvyšování počtu kojených dětí, ozdravění populace Podpora, ochrana a prosazování kojení. Rizikový novorozenec-nedonošené děti, děti s nízkou porodní hmotností a vrozenými vývojovými vadami Rizikové faktory ze strany matky- věk, vícečetné těhotenství, vzdělání, parita Získání backgroundu pro budoucí analýzy.; Breastfeeding, BFH, Risk Factors on Lactation, Demographic Trends, the Rise BFH Hospitals and Breastfeeding Infants in Czech Republic Support, promod and protect breastfeeding Risk group neonates-preterm infants, infants with low birthweigth and with congenital abnormalities, Risk maternal factor Background for furter analyses

• MeSH
• Accreditation MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care, Integrated MeSH
• Breast Feeding MeSH
• Lactation MeSH
• Milk, Human MeSH
• Health Promotion MeSH
• Hospitals, Maternity MeSH
• National Health Programs MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Data Collection methods   MeSH
• Vital Statistics MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Conspectus
• Pediatrie
• NML Fields
• perinatologie a neonatologie
• gynekologie a porodnictví
• NML Publication type
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

• MeSH
• Biochemistry MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH
• Review MeSH

• Conspectus
• Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
• NML Fields
• biochemie

• MeSH
• Biochemistry MeSH

• Conspectus
• Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
• NML Fields
• biochemie

• MeSH
• Biochemistry MeSH

• Conspectus
• Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NML Fields
• biochemie
• NML Publication type
• učebnice vysokých škol

• MeSH
• Biochemistry * MeSH
• Publication type
• Outline MeSH
• Examination Questions MeSH

• Conspectus
• Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NML Fields
• biochemie

Preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) is a member of epidermal growthfactor like family of proteins that regulates adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. Experimental studies suggest that circulating Pref-1 levels may be also involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. We hypothesized that alterations in Pref-1 levels may contribute to the ethiopathogenesis of anorexia nervosa or its underlying metabolic abnormalities. We measured Pref-1 concentrations and other hormonal, biochemical and anthropometric parameters in eighteen patients with anorexia nervosa and sixteen healthy women and studied the influence of partial realimentation of anorexia nervosa patients on these parameters. The mean duration of realimentation period was 46±2 days. At baseline, anorexia nervosa patients had significantly decreased body mass index, body weight, body fat content, fasting glucose, serum insulin, TSH, free T4, leptin and total protein. Partial realimentation improved these parameters. Baseline serum Pref-1 levels did not significantly differ between anorexia nervosa and control group (0.26±0.02 vs. 0.32±0.05 ng/ml, p=0.295) but partial realimentation significantly increased circulating Pref-1 levels (0.35±0.04 vs. 0.26±0.02 ng/ml, p<0.05). Postrealimentation Pref-1 levels significantly positively correlated with the change of body mass index after realimentation (r=0.49, p<0.05). We conclude that alterations in Pref-1 are not involved in the ethiopathogenesis of anorexia nervosa but its changes after partial realimentation could be involved in the regulation of adipose tissue expansion after realimentation.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Insulin blood   MeSH
• Leptin blood   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Membrane Proteins blood   MeSH
• Anorexia Nervosa metabolism   therapy   MeSH
• Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins blood   MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Eating physiology   MeSH
• Body Weight physiology   MeSH
• Adipose Tissue metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important bridge in the switch from extracellular signals to intracellular responses. Alterations of signaling cascades are found in various diseases, including cancer, as a result of genetic and epigenetic changes. Numerous studies focused on both the homeostatic and the pathologic conduct of MAPK signaling; however, there is still much to be deciphered in terms of regulation and action models in both preclinical and clinical research. MAPK has implications in the response to cancer therapy, particularly the activation of the compensatory pathways in response to experimental MAPK inhibition. The present paper discusses new insights into MAPK as a complex cell signaling pathway with roles in the sustenance of cellular normal conduit, response to cancer therapy, and activation of compensatory pathways. Unfortunately, most MAPK inhibitors trigger resistance due to the activation of compensatory feed-back loops in tumor cells and tumor microenvironment components. Therefore, novel combinatorial therapies have to be implemented for cancer management in order to restrict the possibility of alternative pathway activation, as a perspective for developing novel therapies based on integration in translational studies.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Úvod: Fragmentace v oblasti zdravotní a sociální péče vyžaduje cílenou koordinaci mezi různými poskytovateli a aktéry proto, aby bylo dosaženo kontinuity péče, která reflektuje potřeby pacientů, zejména pak těch s komplexními potřebami. Téměř dvě dekády trvající snahy vyřešit problémy spojené s fragmentací péče a špatnými zkušenostmi pacientů v ČR nevedly zatím k podstatnějším systémovým změnám v poskytování péče. Cílem výzkumu bylo identifikovat postoje klíčových aktérů k integrované péči (dále jen IP), bariéry a příležitosti bránící/podporující efektivní integraci zdravotní a sociální péče v ČR. Metoda: Výzkum byl postaven na smíšeném výzkumném designu. Na rešerši literatury vztahující se k tématu integrace/ koordinace péče z let 2000 až 2016 navázaly polostrukturované hloubkové rozhovory s klíčovými aktéry zdravotní a sociální politiky, doplněné o rozhovory s příjemci péče (pacient/pečující). Pro hodnocení postojů aktérů k různým atributům integrované péče, jejich důležitosti a stupni rozvoje v ČR byla použita typologie P. Valentijn a kol. (6). Výsledky: Koncept IP není v ČR zatím etablován. Nejvíce výroků (ať již jako bariér či motivací) se týkalo financí (130), změny (96), (ne)schopnosti spolupracovat (94), komunikace (86), participace (85), ochoty daný problém řešit (64), "resortismu" (47), zdravotních pojištoven (45). Aspekty IP, které čeští aktéři považují za nejdůležitějši a nejvíce rozvinuté v ČR, jsou: důvěra (9,2/4,9), komplexní hodnocení potřeb (9,1/4,1), spolupráce v týmu v rámci jednoho poskytovatele (8,6/4,7). Za nejméně rozvinuté atributy IP v ČR jsou považovány: jednotná zdravotní a sociální strategie a financování (1,8; 1,6), financování koordinace péče (2,0), podpora nových modelů péče, management změny, vizionářské vedení, sdílení informací a využití ICT pro komunikaci mezi aktéry (2,5–2,9). Závěr: Oddělený systém financování/ legislativy ve zdravotnictví a sociální péči je uváděn jako hlavní překážka integrace zdravotní a sociální péče. Za největší bariéry byly nicméně považovány neschopnost komunikace, spolupráce a strach ze změny, stejně jako rezortní způsob myšlení a kultura, absence vizí a partikulární zájmy aktérů, které znemožňují konsensus na systémové úrovni. I přes tyto bariéry je lepší koordinace péče možná, existují pozitivní příklady s integrací péče na lokální/regionální úrovni, které jsou dávány do spojitosti s proaktivním přístupem a vůdčími schopnostmi místních aktérů.

Background: Fragmentation of health and social care systems requires intense coordination among various stakeholders in order to provide continuity of care that reflects the needs of patients, especially those with complex needs. Almost two decades of trials to address problems of care fragmentation and poor outcomes for patients by policy makers and professionals in the Czech Republic have not lead to any substantial change in the way how care is provided. The objective of this study was to identify the barriers and opportunities to effective integration of health and social care for patients with complex needs in the Czech Republic as perceived by key stakeholders. Methods: Mixed method research design was used. Literature review relating to topics of care integration/coordination from 2000 to 2016 was performed followed by 16 semi-structured interviews of key health and social care stakeholders that have been involved in the policymaking processes or have executive functions within the healthcare sector and 2 interviews with care recipients. The typology of P. Valentijn at al. was used to assess attitudes about 37 components of integrated care (IC) and their development in the Czech Republic. Results: Mind map shows the major topics dealt by stakeholders as financing (130), change (96), (in)ability to cooperate (94), communication (86), participation (85), willingness to solve the problem (64), "silo-mindsets (47), healthcare insurance (45). The attributes of IC considered most important and the most developed in CZ are: trust (9,2/4,9), assessment of complex needs (9,1/4,1), team cooperation within one provider (8,6/4,7). The least developed aspects of IC in CZ are considered: joint health and social care strategy and financing (1,8;1,6), financing for care coordination (2,0), support for new models of care, change management, visionary leadership, sharing of information and use of communication technologies (2,5-2,9). Conclusion: Separate systems of financing and legislation of healthcare and social care were considered to be the chief obstacle to effective health and social care integration. However, the main weakness of existing systems was poor communication, cooperation and fear of change among healthcare and social care stakeholders, silo-mindsets and particular interests that feed inability to reach a consensus on the macro level. However, positive experience (although limited) with care integration exists at the micro-meso level based on the proactive approach of local stakeholders.

• Keywords
• bariéry, aspekty integrované/koordinované péče,
• MeSH
• Chronic Disease MeSH
• Case Management MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care * MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Social Welfare * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Fat-enriched diet is strongly associated with cataract development. Laurus nobilis shows antioxidant activity. Herein we evaluated the effect of Laurus nobilis oral administration on the blood and lenses antioxidant activity in rabbits under fat-enriched diet. Sixty rabbits divided into 4 groups were used. One group represented the control (N-CTR). The second group (P-CTR) fed a diet supplemented with 2.5 % of pig fat; the third group (EXP1) received a diet supplemented with 2.5 % of pig fat and 1 g/kg of dried-bay leaves; the fourth group (EXP2) was treated with dried-bay leaves at the rate of 1 g/kg of feed. At baseline and at the end of the study (56 days) the following blood parameters were determined: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), total phenols, superoxide dismutase (SOD), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(pca)), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), retinol and alfa-tocopherol. At the end of the follow-up, the eyes were enucleated and the antioxidant profile, such as total antioxidant activity (TAC), TBARS, retinol and alfa-tocopherol of lenses was evaluated. Plasma ROMs and TBARS levels were statistically lower in the groups receiving bay leaves integration. A significant increase of plasma retinol, FRAP and ORAC(pca) levels was found in EXP1 and EXP2 groups, whereas plasma alfa-tocopherol resulted statistically higher only in EXP2 group. Bay leaves supplementation enhanced TAC, retinol and alfa-tocopherol in rabbit lens, particularly in EXP2 group; whereas lenses TBARS levels significantly decreased in both treated groups. These findings demonstrate that Laurus nobilis oral administration exerts a protective effect on the risk of cataract development in rabbits under fat-enriched diet.

• MeSH
• Antioxidants metabolism   MeSH
• Diet, High-Fat methods   MeSH
• Dietary Fats metabolism   MeSH
• Phytotherapy methods   MeSH
• Rabbits MeSH
• Lens, Crystalline metabolism   MeSH
• Dietary Supplements * MeSH
• Laurus * MeSH
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rabbits MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH