field theory
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Freud anniversary lecture series
123 s. ; 20 cm
Ve věci zneužívání psychiatrie je třeba oddělit jednání na úrovni běžného zločinu, jimiž se zde nebudeme zabývat. Významné jsou důsledky selhání teorie psychiatrie. Dochází k němu při aplikaci pozitivistického myšlení psychiatrického na jevy, jež není způsobilé pochopit, protože nemá prostředky k porozumění hlubší rovině psychologie člověka a duševních poruch. Zde je zcela v zajetí nedostatků kritizovaných Edmundem Husserlem v Krizi evropských věd. Porozumění Kannerovým dětským autistům je výsledkem překonání pozitivistických vědec- kých šablon, jež jsou přikládány na jevy a místo skutečnosti rozpoznávány. Kannerovi autisté nejsou ani defektní, ani nemocní, ani nebezpeční. Jsou představiteli odlišného lidského hori- zontu, jemuž nerozumíme. Jejich paleolitický horizont se od našeho horizontu evropské civili- zace liší uspořádáním práce psyché asi jako se počítače liší různými programy. Horizont bronzový, reprezentovaný našimi „neasimilovanými“ Romy, byl pozitivistickým myšlením těžce poškozován a také horizont železný byl svědkem selhání teorie oboru v psychiatrizaci jeho významných představitelů v historii i v individuálních případech současných, kdy byl důvodem velkého rozruchu v médiích. Koncepce horizontů dovolí rozčlenit monolitní představu o povaze Homo sapiens a dovolí léčení schizofrenie cestou doprovodu psychózou do úzdravy na vyšším stupni integrace. Doplnění newtonského myšlení o nové paradigma umožní rozšířit demokracii na jedince mimo evropský horizont, žijící mezi námi. Současnost se navíc vyznačuje retardujícím introjektem v nevědomí, který blokuje tvůrčí myšlení a odlišuje naši psychiatrii od slovenské, která přistu- puje k reformě oboru. Za těchto podmínek se u nás uplatňují jako náhradní řešení různá anti-hnutí extremistické povahy, která jsou nepříjemnou novinkou posledních let.
As regards the abuse of psychiatry it is important to differentiate action at the level of common crime which should not hold us up. Important are the consequences of failure of the psychiatric theory. It occurs during application of positivist psychiatric thinking in relation to phenomena which it cannot understand because it lacks the means for understanding a deeper level of human psychology and mental disorders. In this respect it is entirely hampered by shortcomings criticized by Edmund Husserl in the Crisis of European Sciences. Comprehension of Kanner’s child autists is the result of overcoming positivist scientific stencils which are applied to phenomena and recognized instead of reality. Kanner’s autists are neither defective, nor sick, nor dangerous. They are representatives of a different human horizon which we do not understad. Their paleolithic horizon differs from our horizon of European civilization by the working pattern of the psyche similarly as computers differ by different programmes. The bronze horizon represented by our „not assimilated“ gypsies was severely damaged by positivist thinking, and also the iron horizon witnessed failure in the field of psychiatrization of its distinguished representatives in history as well as in individual contemporary cases when it caused a major upheaval in the mass media. The concept of horizons makes it possible to classify the idea on the nature of homo sapiens and permits treatment of schizophrenia via psychosis to a healthy state at the highest level of integration. Supplementation of Newtonian thinking by a new paradigm will make it possible to extend democracy to individuals beyond the European horizon living among us. The present time is moreover characterized by a retarding introject in the unconsciousness which blocks creative thinking and differentiates out psychiatry from Slovak psychiatry which is about to reform the discipline. Under these conditions in our country surrogate solutions are encountered such as various anti-movements of an extremist nature which are an unpleasant new feature of late years.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychiatrie MeSH
- psychologická teorie MeSH
- věda MeSH
- vědecký podvod MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Dynamic systems theory and complexity theory (DST/CT) is a framework explaining how complex systems change and adapt over time. In psychotherapy, DST/CT can be used to understand how a person's mental and emotional state changes during therapy incorporating higher levels of complexity. This study aimed to systematically review the variability of DST/CT methods applied in psychotherapy research. METHODS: A primary studies search was conducted in the EBSCO and Web of Knowledge databases, extracting information about the analyzed DST/CT phenomena, employed mathematical methods to investigate these phenomena, descriptions of specified dynamic models, psychotherapy phenomena, and other information regarding studies with empirical data (e.g., measurement granularity). RESULTS: After screening 38,216 abstracts and 4,194 full texts, N = 41 studies published from 1990 to 2021 were identified. The employed methods typically included measures of dynamic complexity or chaoticity. Computational and simulation studies most often employed first-order ordinary differential equations and typically focused on describing the time evolution of client-therapist dyadic influences. Eligible studies with empirical data were usually based on case studies and focused on data with high time intensity of within-session dynamics. CONCLUSION: This review provides a descriptive synthesis of the current state of the proliferation of DST/CT methods in the psychotherapy research field.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychologická teorie MeSH
- psychoterapie * metody MeSH
- systémová teorie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
AIM: The rate of rectal cancer locoregional recurrence following radical surgery varies from 4% to 33%. Though the causes are unclear, likely factors include microscopic tumor residues in the lymphatics, positive resection margins and exfoliation of tumor cells and their subsequent intraluminar spread during operation. Other significant factors include type and technique of surgical procedure. Recently, it has been demonstrated that local recurrence may also be associated with the biological behaviour of the tumor and/or with the composition of the cellular microenvironment which creates optimal conditions for the growth and spread of tumor cells. CASE REPORT: The presented case here is interesting because the tumour recurred early following a curative surgical procedure with negative resection margins, without positive lymph nodes, without infiltration of the pelvic wall and without distant metastases. CONCLUSION: In patients with a determined risk of genetically altered tumor field encompassing epithelial or stromal changes, a different treatment strategy, including gene therapy, anti-inflammatory or anti-angiogenic therapy should be chosen to minimize increased tumor risk.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru MeSH
- nádorové cirkulující buňky patologie MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí * MeSH
- nádory rekta patologie chirurgie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In practical use we know and quite widely use mathematical methods that lead to process of optimization. In a special group of such methods we recognize schemes, which are used in those cases when different opponents with antagonistic interests compete with one another. On the example of shooting in ice hockey we have demonstrated a use of theory of games. The antagonistic situation exists between shooter (which has two main possibilities - to shoot right above the ice or to the upper part of the goal) and goalkeeper (not to set off or set off against the shot puck and stand or kneel). We have created special pay-off matrices with „cost“ of different strategic possibilities to be able to find the optimal strategic - in our sample - matrix saddle point. These optimal strategies are following - main activity of goalkeeper is setting off against shot pucks and kneeling, on the other hand the shooter should shoot the puck to upper part of the goal. The example also showed the part of the mathematical model that seems to be extraordinary useful at sports.
Heteronuclear and homonuclear direct (D) and indirect (J) spin-spin interactions are important sources of structural information about nucleic acids (NAs). The Hamiltonians for the D and J interactions have the same functional form; thus, the experimentally measured apparent spin-spin coupling constant corresponds to a sum of J and D. In biomolecular NMR studies, it is commonly presumed that the dipolar contributions to Js are effectively canceled due to random molecular tumbling. However, in strong magnetic fields, such as those employed for NMR analysis, the tumbling of NA fragments is anisotropic because the inherent magnetic susceptibility of NAs causes an interaction with the external magnetic field. This motional anisotropy is responsible for non-zero D contributions to Js. Here, we calculated the field-induced D contributions to 33 structurally relevant scalar coupling constants as a function of magnetic field strength, temperature and NA fragment size. We identified two classes of Js, namely (1)JCH and (3)JHH couplings, whose quantitative interpretation is notably biased by NA motional anisotropy. For these couplings, the magnetic field-induced dipolar contributions were found to exceed the typical experimental error in J-coupling determinations by a factor of two or more and to produce considerable over- or under-estimations of the J coupling-related torsion angles, especially at magnetic field strengths >12 T and for NA fragments longer than 12 bp. We show that if the non-zero D contributions to J are not properly accounted for, they might cause structural artifacts/bias in NA studies that use solution NMR spectroscopy.
1st ed. viii, 424 s.
In the nineteenth century (in the process of transition from mechanics to the field theory), the German school of theoretical physics confronted problems similar to the basic problems in the foundations of quantum mechanics (QM). Hertz tried to resolve such problem through analysis of the notion of a scientific theory and interrelation of theory and experiment. This analysis led him to the Bild (image) conception of theory (which was later essentially developed, but also modified by Boltzmann). In this paper, we claim that to resolve the basic foundational problems of QM, one has to use the Bild conception and reject the observational viewpoint on physical theory. As an example of a Bild theory underlying QM (treated as an observational theory), we consider prequantum classical statistical field theory (PCSFT): theory of random subquantum fields.
AIMS: The aim of the present research was to synthesize glycoluril derivative 2,4-Bis(4- cyanobenzyl)glycoluril through a convergent scheme. BACKGROUND: For this purpose, Sandmeyer reaction procedure was employed for the synthesis of said compound. The structure of the pure compound was confirmed by using different spectroscopic techniques, such as 1HNMR, 13C-NMR and (HR-MS) Mass spectrometry. OBJECTIVE: Convergent synthesis of 2,4-BIS (4-CYANOBENZYL)GLYCOLURIL USING SANDMEYER REACTION and urease inhibition study. METHODS: The structure of the pure compound was confirmed by using different spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and (HR-MS) Mass spectrometry. The electronic properties of the newly synthesized compound and thiourea were determined by using density functional theory. RESULTS: Furthermore, the compound was evaluated against urease enzyme and was found to be potent inhibitors with an IC50 value of 11.5 ± 1.50 μM when compared with standard inhibitor thiourea (IC50 = 21.0 ± 1.90 μM). The compound may serve as a lead compound to synthesize new cyano-based bambusuril in the future with enhanced biological properties. CONCLUSION: We have synthesized a new glycoluril derivative 2,4-Bis(4-cyanobenzyl)glycoluril by the sandmeyer reaction. It has been obtained in the form of light yellowish powder in good yield (96%). Glycoluril based macrocycles have been used in various fields; starting from the 2,4-Bis(4-nitrobenzyl)glycoluril (already reported compound), which has undergone reduction (CH3OH,Pt/C) , diazotization (NaNO2/HCl), cyanation (CuCl/KCN), respectively in order to synthesize the desired new glycoluril derivative. The obtained product will be used as a building block for the synthesis of the cyano based bambusuril marcocycle in the future. The yield of the obtained product has been monitored by using different amounts of cyanating reagent, but the best results are shown by the use of 4 mmol of CuCl/KCN. KCN with CuCl assisted the conversion of diazo group into the cyano group with enhanced yield when used in excess amount. It acts as a catalyst. The solubility characteristic of 2,4-Bis(4-cyanobenzyl)glycoluril has also been determined in different organic solvents. 1H NMR technique proved to be very helpful for the structure determination of our desired product. Benzylic protons give signals at 7.5 ppm and 7.8 ppm, respectively. The downfield peaks confirm the presence of CN group near the benzylic protons. Methine protons show a signal at 5.2 ppm, which ensures the basic skeleton of glycoluril. Ureidyl protons also confirm the synthesis of the heterocyclic 2,4-Bis(4-cyanobenzyl)glycoluril compound. The negative and positive electrostatic potential sites, molecular descriptors, and charge density distribution of frontier molecular orbitals are revealing that 4a with promising sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks would result to enhance the urease inhibition, which is in good agreement with the experimental data.
