BACKGROUND: Panic disorder and agoraphobia not only affect the patients themselves but also may have a detrimental effect on their intimate relationships. A problem arising in the intimate sphere could be a trigger, a modulator, a maintenance factor, or the result of the panic disorder and agoraphobia. The consequences of panic disorder include increased demands on the non-affected partner to adapt, which may prove to be too challenging for some to manage. Panic disorder and agoraphobia can also change earlier relationship patterns which may result in partnership dysfunction. This review explores the effect of panic disorder and agoraphobia upon partnership problems and satisfaction. METHOD: Relevant studies were identified via PubMed and Web of Science, published between January 1970 and April 2020. The search terms included "panic disorder", "agoraphobia", "marital problems", "marital conflicts" and "marital adjustment". Further references were found in reviews, books, and book chapters of the relevant papers. A total of 1154 articles were nominated by primary assortment using the keywords in different combinations. After selecting according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluating the complete texts and searching for secondary documents, 173 papers were finally chosen. RESULTS: Problems in a relationship can act as a trigger for the development of the panic disorder and agoraphobia and could also function as modulating and maintenance factors. Panic disorder and agoraphobia often have a negative influence on the relationship and the non-affected partner. Partnership problems can be both a precursor and a consequence of panic disorder and agoraphobia.

• MeSH
• agorafobie MeSH
• konflikt v rodině MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství MeSH
• osobní uspokojení MeSH
• panická porucha * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Women experiencing violence in intimate relationships, when seeking to solve the problem of violence in the framework of the help and support system, are faced with the stereotypical image of a “real” battered woman or an “ideal victim”. Only a woman who is passive, helpless, does not defend herself or her children, does not argue, physically fight back, who speaks to no one about the violence and who does not leave a violent partner conforms to this image. No woman experiencing violence and abuse can permanently “fit” the concept of an ideal and real victim. In the case that women do not conform to this “ideal” and the concept created by society, they do not receive social recognition and adequate help and protection. This paper deals with the concept of the Battered Woman Syndrome, according to which women in violent intimate relationships have learned to be passive and helpless. The paper also presents knowledge on the contradictory theory “The Survivor Hypothesis”, which sees women as active, competent and resilient. It delivers insight into the wide range of strategies that women use to stop or reduce violence, as well as about their two main strategies – private and public. Research to date agrees in the finding that the solution women most often use when seeking to resolve the situation is that of leaving the relationship, and that a very large proportion of women do physically resist attacks. This paper presents the links between and impacts of the findings in the context of social work and interventions in cases of violence in intimate relationships.

• MeSH
• bité ženy psychologie   MeSH
• domácí násilí * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sociální práce MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex phenomenon and some research suggests that there are qualitatively distinct IPV types. However, little is known about the risk factors associated with different IPV types. METHODS: Data from Violence against women: an European Union (EU)-wide survey, conducted by the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights was used. Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to identify distinct IPV patterns based on the intensity of eight forms of violence by current partners (n=30 675). Multilevel multinomial logistic regression was used to examine individual and country-level risk factors associated with the outcome IPV patterns. RESULTS: A five-class solution was selected based on the LCA results. Two classes encompassed severe coercive IPV: the intimate terrorism class (1.5%) also comprised extensive physical violence whereas the high coercive control class (2.0%) did not. The partner's alcohol abuse, violent behaviour outside the relationship and the woman's abuse in childhood were the main individual factors positively associated with IPV. The country's gender equality levels were negatively associated with the odds of experiencing intimate terrorism (adjusted OR, aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.56) and high coercive control (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.85) versus no IPV. Although the effects of most individual risk factors were found universally for all IPV patterns, the strongest associations were typically revealed for the intimate terrorism pattern. CONCLUSION: The results support the importance of coercive control as a factor differentiating between IPV types and also highlight the need to consider IPV typologies in research. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí mezi partnery * MeSH
• násilí MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sexuální partneři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) suffer from an excessive fear of abandonment, leading to tense moments in their intimate relationships. These struggles translate into lower marital satisfaction perceived by both intimate partners. However, this connection is bidirectional, since conflicts with a romantic partner are the most common precipitating factors of decompensation in BPD patients. METHOD: This narrative review was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases with keywords "borderline personality disorder", "partnership", marital problems", and "marital conflicts". Articles, books, and book chapters published within January 1980 - December 2020 were extracted and analysed. Additional sources were found while reviewing references of relevant articles. The total of 131 papers met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Patients with BPD struggle with reaching marital satisfaction. They often find themselves in disharmonic and unfulfilling relationships. The association between the relationship issues and BPD may partly come from misunderstanding one or both partners' behaviour. Individuals with BPD tend to misinterpret their partner's behaviour, struggle with communication, and sometimes be verbally and physically aggressive. They often do not recognize that their intrapersonal processes influence their interpersonal struggles. Understanding the role of the maladaptive personality traits in the relationship and their management could be beneficial for both partners. CONCLUSION: Individuals with BPD often report dysfunctional romantic relationships characterized by insecure attachment, maladaptive communication, and lower relationship satisfaction. Future studies should focus on finding effective strategies of couples ́ therapy working with this population.

• MeSH
• hraniční porucha osobnosti * MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy MeSH
• konflikt v rodině MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství MeSH
• sexuální chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Príspevok skúma, aké zvládacie stratégie ľudia využívajú, keď sa vyrovnávajú s prežitou nespravodlivosťou v partnerskom vzťahu. Cieľom výskumu bolo skonštruovať dotazník na zachytenie zvládacích stratégií s následnou identifikáciou faktorovej štruktúry, overením vnútornej konzistencie faktorov a špecifikovaním charakteru faktorov. Na daný účel bol zostavený 53-položkový dotazník. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 207 respondentov s priemerným vekom 26.77 rokov (SD = 4.72). Faktorové riešenie poukázalo na päť faktorov s uspokojivou vnútornou konzistenciou: (1) spolupráca (α = 0.848), (2) sebapresadzovanie (α = 0.815), (3) pomsta (α = 0.650), (4) inštrumentálna opora (α = 0.700), (5) nonšalancia (α = 0.712). Charakter faktorov bol zisťovaný vo vzťahu k všeobecným stratégiám odrážajúcim zvládanie vo forme ochrany vlastného Self pomocou metodiky Brief COPE (Carver, 1997) a k stratégiám zahŕňajúcim faktor interakcie prostredníctvom metodiky Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory II (Rahim & Magner, 1995). Verifikácia súvislosti medzi faktormi novovzniknutého dotazníka a iných metodík ukázala, že vzniknuté faktory korelovali významne a v očakávanom smere s nástrojmi slúžiacimi k hodnoteniu konštruktov, ktoré možno pokladať za teoreticky súvisiace s konceptom zvládania. Konkrétne zistenia sú interpretované v texte príspevku.

Problem. Injustice appraisals follow from (a) believing that somebody‘s entitlement has been violated and (b) attributing responsibility and blame for this fact to some other agents than the person affected (Mikula, Scherer, & Athenstaedt, 1998). Social justice research has shown that people respond with negative attitudes and behaviors when they perceive unjust situations. The tradition of socio-psychological research in the context of injustice is focused on two main ways of possible responses, specifically behavioral or cognitive responses (Törnblom, 1977). However, coping with injustice in intimate relationships is a specific topic. This fact has negatively affected the amount of relevant sources in this research area. Just few previous studies were focused on the analysis of coping strategies that people use when they have been harmed by a loved one. For example, Pearlin and Schooler (1978) argue coping strategies involve: (1) self-reliance vs. advice seeking, (2) controlled reflectiveness vs. emotional discharge, (3) positive comparisons, (4) negotiation, (5) self-assertion vs. passive forebearance, (6) selective ignoring. Methods. The contribution is dealing with the development of a questionnaire to identify coping strategies used in injustice situations in intimate relationshrelationships. The intention was also focused on define the character of identified strategies in relation to: (1) the classic coping strategies which reflect coping with injustice in individual way (using Brief COPE; Carver, 1997) and (2) the coping strategies which imply the synergistic effect (using Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory II - ROCI II; Rahim & Magner, 1995). 207 participants with an average age of 26.77 years (SD = 4.72) were involved in the research. Results and discussion. Factor solution pointed to five factors with satisfactory internal consistency (1) cooperation (α = 0.848), (2) assertivity (α = 0.815), (3) revenge (α = 0.650), (4) instrumental support (α = 0.700), (5) nonchalance (α = 0.712). Character of the items noted that respondents‘ answers did not include just strategies which are used to cope with injustice in individual way (subjective reduction of consequences arising from injustice), but especially revealed strategies that describe coping in the frame of interaction (the synergistic nature of coping). The identified coping strategies correlated with two other constructs (Brief COPE, ROCI II) in varying degrees. This fact highlights the relevance of conceptualisation of coping with injustice in intimate relationships as a multidimensional construct which has important role in series of classic coping questionnaires (that are not able to capture the subtle differences in coping implying interaction process).

• MeSH
• adaptace psychologická * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• konflikt v rodině * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Příspěvek je věnován problematice strategií vztahové údržby v rámci partnerství a manželství. Studie využívá tvrzení populární knihy Garyho Chapmana Pět jazyků lásky aneb naučte se mluvit jazykem lásky toho druhého (2002). Autor zdůrazňuje, že v intimním vztahu je důležité vyjadřovat náklonnost a lásku způsobem, kterému partner rozumí. Tento typ partnerské komunikace je v jeho koncepci nazýván jako „pět jazyků lásky“: slova ujištění, soustředěná pozornost, dárky, skutky služby a fyzický kontakt. Zkoumaný soubor tvořilo 111 nesezdaných respondentů (vysokoškolských studentů) a 61 manželských párů (122 respondentů). Studie sleduje genderové rozdíly a prediktory v užívání strategií vztahové údržby. Rozdíly mezi muži a ženami byly nalezeny u kategorií „dárky“ a „soustředěná pozornost“. Zatímco muži častěji zmiňovali kategorii „dárky“, ženy uváděly častěji kategorii „soustředěná pozornost“. V logistické regresní analýze se pro „slova ujištění“ a „fyzický kontakt“ jako signifikantní prediktor uplatnila délka vztahu, pro „soustředěnou pozornost“ stav (sezdaný/nesezdaný), pro „dárky“ a „skutky služby“ stav a pohlaví.

The current study contributes to the topic of relational maintenance strategies. The study uses Gary Chapman's claims published in his popular book The Five Love Languages: How to Express Heartfelt Commitment to Your Mate (2002). The author underscores the importance of being able to express love to one's spouse in a way the spouse can understand. Chapman refers to this type of communication as the five love languages i.e. words of affirmation, quality time, gifts, acts of service and physical touch. Survey data were collected from 111 unmarried individuals (college students) and 61 married couples (122 individuals). The aim of the study was to explore differences and predictors in how married and unmarried men and women use various strategies of relational maintenance. Findings reveal that men use „gifts“ more frequently while women are more likely to use „quality time“ as strategy of relational maintenance. The predictor of „words of affirmation“ and “physical touch” was length of relationship, predictor of „quality time“ was marital status. Marital status and sex served as predictors of „gifts“ and „acts of service“.

• MeSH
• chování MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• láska MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželé MeSH
• manželství psychologie   MeSH
• sběr dat MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Výzkumné šetření má tři hlavní cíle, které se zaměřují na hledání souvislostí mezi vybranými copingovými strategiemi a partnerskou spokojeností. Na základě prostudovaných zdrojů bylo stanoveno 10 výzkumných hypotéz. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 60 respondentů (30 párů). Jednalo se o onkologické pacienty a jejich intimní partnery. Data byla získávána prostřednictvím vytvořeného dotazníku. První část byla zaměřena na zjišťování vybraných sociodemografických údajů. Další část byla tvořena položkami z metody WOC-CA (Dunkel-Schetter et al., 1992) určenými k měření copingových strategií. Třetí část tvořily položky z metody DAS (Spanier, 1976) pro měření partnerské spokojenosti. Na základě statistické analýzy se nepodařilo potvrdit stanovené předpoklady

The research has three main objectives which focuse on finding links between chosen coping strategies and relationship satisfaction. Ten hypotheses were determined on the basis of literary sources. The research sample consisted of 60 respondents (30 pairs). It included the oncological patients and their intimate partners. The data were collected by using questionnaires. The first part focused on the detection of the socio-demographic data. The second part was made up of items from the method WOC-CA (Dunkel-Schetter et al., 1992) designed to measure coping strategies. The third section included items of method DAS (Spanier, 1976) for measuring relationship satisfaction. The statistical analysis was not able to confirm the research assumptions.

• MeSH
• adaptace psychologická fyziologie   MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální opora MeSH
• sociální prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

• MeSH
• agonisté serotoninových receptorů MeSH
• antidepresiva MeSH
• antikonvulziva MeSH
• deprese MeSH
• epilepsie MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Psychiatrie
• NLK Obory
• psychiatrie
• neurologie

Intimate partner violence (IPV) among university students is a prevalent problem in many countries; however, it is not currently recognized in Kosovo as a social issue in terms of research, prevention, and intervention. The aim of this article was to examine the relationship between violence socialization experiences, approval of violence, and IPV perpetration/victimization among university students in Kosovo. The questionnaires were administrated to a convenience sample of 700 students of University of Prishtina who were in relationship for 1 month or longer. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) was used for measuring physical, psychological, and sexual violence, whereas for measuring violence socialization and violence approval, scales from Personal and Relationships Profile (PRP) were used. Findings from this study show that there were statistically significant gender differences in terms of socialization and approval of violence among university students. Similarly, perpetrators and victims of IPV (physical, psychological, and sexual violence) showed higher rates of socialization of violence and tolerance toward IPV. Besides, findings indicate that approval of violence mediates the relationship between socialization of violence and IPV perpetration and victimization, for both genders. The implications of the current findings within a cultural context are also discussed.

• MeSH
• analýza mediace MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• násilí mezi partnery psychologie   MeSH
• násilí psychologie   MeSH
• postoj * MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• socializace * MeSH
• sociální chování * MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• univerzity MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kosovo MeSH

• MeSH
• bité ženy MeSH
• domácí násilí MeSH
• krizová intervence MeSH
• manželský partner - zneužití MeSH
• oběti zločinu zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• sociální chování MeSH
• zdraví žen zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• ženy MeSH
• znásilnění MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Sociální problémy vyžadující podporu a pomoc. Sociální zabezpečení
• NLK Obory
• sociologie