Here we report for the first time the development of a compact, closed bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) device for the determination of antioxidant capacity in real-world samples by recording the onset driving voltage at which an eye-visible reporting event at the cathode pole of bipolar electrode (BE) occurs. The BPE cell consists of two distinct anode and cathode compartments that are electrically connected through a platinum wire BE. The anode pole of the BE is covered by a cellulose acetate thin film to prevent the fouling of the surface, while the cathode pole is embedded into an agarose hydrogel containing phenolphthalein, i.e., an acid-base indicator. The method relies on the oxidation of the reducing compounds in the sample by a fixed amount of H2O2 and the electro oxidation of the remaining H2O2 in the anode pole of the BE. This reaction triggers the reduction of water at the cathodic pole accompanied by the production of hydroxyl ions at different, H2O2 concentration-dependent onset driving voltages. The resulting increase of pH at the cathode pole results in the formation of a pink spot (reporting event), which is visible by the unaided eye. The applicability of the BPE device for the determination of antioxidant capacity in fruit juices and sodas is demonstrated. The analytical results, expressed as Trolox (TEAC) or Vitamin C (CVEAC) equivalent antioxidant capacity, correlate well with those obtained by the CUPRAC method.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

V článku popisujeme kazuistiku pacientky s maligním liposarkomem retroperitonea, který byl původně dle zobrazovacích metod popsán jako benigní tumor dolního pólu ledviny. Byla provedena i biopsie ložiska s negativním nálezem. Přesto jsme pacientku indikovali k operačnímu řešení a definiLivní histologie popsala maligní liposarkom retroperitonea.

We present a case report of a patient with malignant retroperitoneal liposarcoma, which was initially diagnosed as a benign tumor of the lower pole of the kidney based on imaging and biopsy. Despite this, the patient underwent surgery which resulted in a definitive histological diagnosis of malignant retroperitoneal liposarcoma.

• Klíčová slova
• biopsie tumoru,
• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• chirurgie operační MeSH
• chybná diagnóza MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• liposarkom * diagnóza   chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• nádory ledvin * diagnóza   chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• retroperitoneální nádory * diagnóza   chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

PURPOSE: To determine whether voxel-based morphometry (VBM) might contribute to the detection of cortical dysplasia within the temporal pole in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE/HS). METHODS: Eighteen patients with intractable MTLE/HS and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. All of the patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for MTLE/HS and underwent anteromedial temporal resection. VBM without a modulation step was applied to the magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain. Statistical parametric maps were used to compare structural characteristics such as gray matter concentration (GMC) within the temporal pole among patients and controls separately. The acquired data were then statistically analyzed to determine the congruency between visually inspected MR imaging (MRI) scans and VBM results in the detection of morphologic abnormalities in the temporal pole compared to postoperative histopathologic findings of cortical dysplasia. KEY FINDINGS: Histopathologic examination revealed cortical dysplasia within the temporal pole in 11 patients. In detail, according to Palmini's classification, mild malformations of cortical development (mMCDs) were disclosed in three patients, focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type Ia in three patients, and FCD type Ib in five patients. Some type of structural temporal pole abnormality was suggested by VBM in 14 patients and by visually inspected MRI scans in 11 patients. The results of VBM were in agreement with the presence/absence of cortical dysplasia in 13 patients (72.2%); this correspondence was significant (p = 0.047). In one case, VBM was false negative and in four cases it was false positive. There was congruence between the results of visual analysis and histologic proof in 55.6% of examined patients, which was not significant. SIGNIFICANCE: We found that VBM made a superior contribution to the detection of temporopolar structural malformations (cortical dysplasia) compared to visual inspection. The agreement with postoperative histopathologic proof was clearly significant for VBM results and nonsignificant for visual inspection.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• diplopie diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie temporálního laloku komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• funkční lateralita MeSH
• hipokampus patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
• spánkový lalok patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

V článku popisujeme případ pacientky s náhodně sonograficky detekovaným tumorem horního pólu levé ledviny při došetřování bolestí pravého hypogastria a dyspeptických potíží v červenci 2011. Vzdálená diseminace byla předoperačně provedenými zobrazovacími metodami vyloučena. Po provedení levostranné transperitoneální radikální nefrektomie byl definitivní histopatologický nález uzavřen jako leiomyosarkom ledviny low grade, lymfatické uzliny byly negativní. I přes špatnou prognózu u těchto typů tumorů je pacientka nyní 5 let bez detekce lokální recidivy či metastáz.

The authors describe the case of a patient with the tumor of the upper pole of the left kidney, incidentally detected sonographically, which was performed in July 2011 due to a right hypogastric pain. There were no dissemination detected by imaging before operation. Histologically, after the left-sided radical transperitoneal nephrectomy, there was confirmed leiomyosarcoma of the kidney – low grade, no lymph nodes was positive. Even though the bad prognosis of these tumor group, the patient is right now 5 years after the nephrectomy with no detection of a local recurrence or metastases.

• MeSH
• leiomyosarkom * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ledvin * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• nefrektomie MeSH
• přežití bez známek nemoci MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

A series of six full-term placentas and umbilical cords were examined using the in situ detection of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer), GM1 ganglioside (GM1), GM3 ganglioside (GM3), cholesterol and caveolin 1. Immunohistochemical study showed uniform distinct staining of the apical membrane of villous capillary endothelial cells for Gb3Cer, GM1, GM3 and cholesterol. There was also a strong signal for caveolin 1. The immunophenotype suggests the presence of caveola-associated raft microdomains. The immunophenotype was almost completely shared with the extravillous intravascular trophoblast in the basal plate. It was absent in the endothelial cells of umbilical vessels and in the capillaries of somatic structures (heart, lung, skeletal muscle and skin) in neonates as well as in adults, including capillaries of the proliferative endometrium. Results of in situ analyses were confirmed by lipid chromatographic analysis of tissue homogenates and by tandem mass spectrometry. Lysosomal Gb3Cer turnover was followed in three placentas including umbilical cords from Fabry disease (α-galactosidase A deficiency). Lysosomal storage was restricted to vascular smooth muscle cells and to endothelial cells of umbilical vessels. Placental villous capillary endothelial cells displaying a strong non-lysosomal staining for Gb3Cer were free of lysosomal storage.

• MeSH
• Fabryho nemoc metabolismus   MeSH
• glykosfingolipidy metabolismus   MeSH
• kapiláry metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• placenta metabolismus   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Treating memory and cognitive deficits requires knowledge about anatomical sites and neural activities to be targeted with particular therapies. Emerging technologies for local brain stimulation offer attractive therapeutic options but need to be applied to target specific neural activities, at distinct times, and in specific brain regions that are critical for memory formation. METHODS: The areas that are critical for successful encoding of verbal memory as well as the underlying neural activities were determined directly in the human brain with intracranial electrophysiological recordings in epilepsy patients. We recorded a broad range of spectral activities across the cortex of 135 patients as they memorised word lists for subsequent free recall. FINDINGS: The greatest differences in the spectral power between encoding subsequently recalled and forgotten words were found in low theta frequency (3-5 Hz) activities of the left anterior prefrontal cortex. This subsequent memory effect was proportionally greater in the lower frequency bands and in the more anterior cortical regions. We found the peak of this memory signal in a distinct part of the prefrontal cortex at the junction between the Broca's area and the frontal pole. The memory effect in this confined area was significantly higher (Tukey-Kramer test, p<0.05) than in other anatomically distinct areas. INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest a focal hotspot of human verbal memory encoding located in the higher-order processing region of the prefrontal cortex, which presents a prospective target for modulating cognitive functions in the human patients. The memory effect provides an electrophysiological biomarker of low frequency neural activities, at distinct times of memory encoding, and in one hotspot location in the human brain. FUNDING: Open-access datasets were originally collected as part of a BRAIN Initiative project called Restoring Active Memory (RAM) funded by the Defence Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). CT, ML, MTK and this research were supported from the First Team grant of the Foundation for Polish Science co-financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• paměť * fyziologie   MeSH
• prefrontální mozková kůra * fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpomínání fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Investigations were performed to localize and analyze the botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) related changes of cerebral cortex activation in chronic stroke patients suffering from severe hand paralysis with arm spasticity. Effects on task- related cerebral activation were evaluated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: 14 patients (5 males, 9 females, mean age 55.3 years) suffering from upper limb post-stroke spasticity were investigated. The change of arm spasticity was assessed by using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). FMRI sessions were performed before (W0), four weeks (W4) and 11 weeks (W11) after BoNT-A application. Patients were scanned while performing imaginary movement with the impaired hand. Group fMRI analysis included patient age as a covariate. RESULTS: BoNT-A treatment was effective in alleviation of arm spasticity. Mean MAS was at Week 0: 2.5 (SD 0.53), at Week 4: 1.45 (SD 0.38), at Week 11: 2.32 (SD 0.44). Task-related fMRI prior to the treatment showed extensive activation of bilateral frontoparietal sensorimotor cortical areas, anterior cingulate gyrus, pallidum, thalamus and cerebellum. Effective BoNT-A treatment (W4) resulted in partial reduction of active network volume in most of the observed areas, whereas BoNT-free data (W11) revealed further volume reduction in the sensorimotor network. On direct comparison, significant activation decreases associated with BoNT-A treatment were located in areas outside the classical sensorimotor system, namely, ipsilesional lateral occipital cortex, supramarginal gyrus and precuneus cortex. On comparison of W4 and W11, no activation increases were found, instead, activation further decreased in ipsilesional insular cortex, contralesional superior frontal gyrus and bilateral frontal pole. CONCLUSIONS: Whole brain activation patterns during BoNT-A treatment of post-stroke arm spasticity and further follow up document predominantly gradual changes both within and outside the classical sensorimotor system.

• MeSH
• botulotoxiny typu A farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ischemie mozku komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• mozková kůra účinky léků   patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervosvalové látky farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• paralýza farmakoterapie   etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• paže patofyziologie   MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• svalová spasticita farmakoterapie   etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze invasive EEG findings, histopathology, and postoperative outcomes in patients with MRI-negative, PET-positive temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) (MRI-/PET+TLE) who had undergone epilepsy surgery. We identified 20 patients with MRI-/PET+TLE (8.4% of all patients with TLE who had undergone surgery; 11 men, 9 women). Of the 20 patients, 16 underwent invasive EEG. The temporal pole and hippocampus were involved in the seizure onset zone in 62.5% of the patients. We did not identify a lateral temporal or extratemporal seizure onset in any patient. Of the 20 patients, 17 had follow-up periods >1 year (mean follow-up=3.3 years). At the final follow-up, 70.6% patients were classified as Engel I, 5.8% of patients as Engel II, and 11.8% of patients as Engel III and IV (11.8%). Histopathological evaluation showed no structural pathology in any resected hippocampus in 58% of all evaluated temporal poles. The most common pathology of the temporal pole was focal cortical dysplasia type IA or IB. MRI-/PET+TLE should be delineated from other "nonlesional TLE." The ictal onset in these patients was in each case in the temporal pole or hippocampus, rather than in the lateral temporal neocortex. Standard surgery produced a good postoperative outcome, comparable to that for patients with lesional TLE. Histopathological findings were limited: the most common pathology was focal cortical dysplasia type I.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie temporálního laloku diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 diagnostické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neurochirurgie metody   MeSH
• pozitronová emisní tomografie metody   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• spánkový lalok patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Teoretické obory,
• MeSH
• biologie buňky MeSH
• histologie MeSH
• tkáně anatomie a histologie   MeSH

• NLK Obory
• histologie
• cytologie, klinická cytologie

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to describe the contribution of basal ganglia (BG) thalamo-cortical circuitry to the whole-brain functional connectivity in focal epilepsies. METHODS: Interictal resting-state fMRI recordings were acquired in 46 persons with focal epilepsies. Of these 46, 22 had temporal lobe epilepsy: 9 left temporal (LTLE), 13 right temporal (RTLE); 15 had frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE); and 9 had parietal/occipital lobe epilepsy (POLE). There were 20 healthy controls. The complete weighted network was analyzed based on correlation matrices of 90 and 194 regions. The network topology was quantified on a global and regional level by measures based on graph theory, and connection-level changes were analyzed by the partial least square method. RESULTS: In all patient groups except RTLE, the shift of the functional network topology away from random was observed (normalized clustering coefficient and characteristic path length were higher in patient groups than in controls). Links contributing to this change were found in the cortico-subcortical connections. Weak connections (low correlations) consistently contributed to this modification of the network. The importance of regions changed: decreases in the subcortical areas and both decreases and increases in the cortical areas were observed in node strength, clustering coefficient and eigenvector centrality in patient groups when compared to controls. Node strength decreases of the basal ganglia, i.e. the putamen, caudate, and pallidum, were displayed in LTLE, FLE, and POLE. The connectivity within the basal ganglia-thalamus circuitry was not disturbed; the disturbance concerned the connectivity between the circuitry and the cortex. SIGNIFICANCE: Focal epilepsies affect large-scale brain networks beyond the epileptogenic zones. Cortico-subcortical functional connectivity disturbance was displayed in LTLE, FLE, and POLE. Significant changes in the resting-state functional connectivity between cortical and subcortical structures suggest an important role of the BG and thalamus in focal epilepsies.

• MeSH
• bazální ganglia diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• epilepsie parciální diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kyslík krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mapování mozku * MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nervová síť diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nervové dráhy diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH