Přehledový článek se zabývá tématem nežádoucích účinků klozapinu. Větší pozornost je upřena na neutropenii vedoucí k vysazení klozapinu a k dalším pravděpodobným příčinám jejího vzniku. V textu jsou prezentovány výsledky studií věnujících se možnostem znovuzavedení klozapinu do medikace pacienta po proběhlé atace neutropenie. Dále je rozebíráno využití granulocytárního kolonii stimulujícího faktoru (G-CSF) a lithia s cílem udržení počtu neutrofilních granulocytů v hodnotách potřebných pro zabránění recidivy neutropenie, které je nutné pro další pokračování léčby. Závěry studií jsou shrnuty do přehledné podoby na konci článku.

This review article describes adverse effects of clozapine and neutropenia in particular. Low neutrophil count may lead to clozapine discontinuation. Therefore we have aimed our attention at clozapine-induced neutropenia and also another probable causes of neutropenia during the treatment. The text presents the results of studies on the possibilities of reintroduction of clozapine into patient medication after neutropenia attack. Potential use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and lithium in preventing recurrence of neutropenia is discussed in further part of the article. Conclusions of analysed studies are summarised at the end of the text.

• MeSH
• Filgrastim therapeutic use   MeSH
• Clinical Trials as Topic MeSH
• Clozapine * adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lithium therapeutic use   MeSH
• Withholding Treatment MeSH
• Neutropenia * chemically induced   prevention & control   MeSH
• Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

In Europe, brown hare (Lepus europaeus) populations have been declining steadily since the 1970s. Gamekeepers can help to support brown hare wild populations by releasing cage-reared hares into the wild. Survival rates of cage-reared hares has been investigated in previous studies, however, survival times in relation to seasonality, which likely plays a crucial role for the efficacy of this management strategy, has not been evaluated. Here we examine the survival duration and daytime home ranges of 22 hares released and radio-tracked during different periods of the year in East Bohemia, Czech Republic. The majority of hares (82%) died within the first six months after release, and 41% individuals died within the first 10 days. Significant differences were found in the duration of survival with respect to the release date. Hares released in the summer months (July and August) survived the longest (on average 103.2 days, SD ± 23.8) and hares released throughout all other months of the year survived for significantly shorter periods of time (on average 20.4 days, SD ± 11.5). The most likely cause of death was red fox predation (38.9%) followed by disease (coccidiosis and other health problems) (27.8%). Three hares (16.6%) were killed by automobile traffic. After six months of radiotracking, we found the average survival time of all hares released was 58 (SD ± 70.9) days. Hares in this study preferred to remain in the vicinity of the release area and the average distance from release point to the center of the home range was 471 m.

• MeSH
• Survival Analysis MeSH
• Automobiles MeSH
• Wireless Technology MeSH
• Models, Biological MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Coccidiosis mortality   veterinary   MeSH
• Foxes MeSH
• Mortality * MeSH
• Predatory Behavior MeSH
• Radio Waves MeSH
• Seasons * MeSH
• Animal Distribution MeSH
• Remote Sensing Technology MeSH
• Conservation of Natural Resources methods   MeSH
• Hares * MeSH
• Agriculture MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Alergie na bílkoviny kravského mléka je nejčastější potravinovou alergií u malých dětí a s věkem u většiny z nich vyhasíná. Léčba zahrnuje eliminaci mléčné bílkoviny ze stravy, což může vést k zásadním nutričním deficitům a její znovuzavedení by nemělo být zbytečně odkládáno. Účinnou metodou pro postupné zavedení mléčné bílkoviny v domácím prostředí jsou potravinové žebříky. Technologické úpravy mléčných bílkovin, jako je tepelná úprava a fermentace, mohou snížit jejich alergenicitu a zřejmě také urychlit nástup tolerance. Původně byly zavedeny do praxe pro pacienty s mírnými až středně těžkými non IgE reakcemi, novější studie však dokládají jejich využití také u některých IgE mediovaných alergií. Účinnost a bezpečnost těchto žebříků jsou ověřeny výzkumem. Pro naše prostředí nebyl dosud žádný potravinový žebřík k dispozici. Český mléčný žebřík je první svého druhu, vychází z doporučených postupů iMAP (International Milk Allergy in Primary Care) a byl přeložen a adaptován na české podmínky. Nyní je pro odborníky k dispozici na webu České asociace nutričních terapeutů včetně doprovodných materiálů.

Allergy to cow‘s milk protein is the most common food allergy in young children, and it fades with age in most of them. Treatment involves eliminating milk protein from the diet, which can lead to major nutritional deficiencies, and reintroduction should not be delayed unnecessarily. Food ladders are an effective method for gradually introducing milk protein in the home environment. Technological treatments of milk proteins, such as heat treatment and fermentation, can reduce their allergenicity and probably also accelerate the onset of tolerance. They were originally introduced into practice for patients with mild to moderate non IgE reactions, but more recent studies have documented their use in some IgE mediated allergies as well. The efficacy and safety of these ladders have been validated by research. No food ladder has yet been available for our setting. The Czech milk ladder is the first of its kind, based on the recommended iMAP (International Milk Allergy in Primary Care) procedures and has been translated and adapted to Czech conditions. It is now available for professionals on the website of the Czech Association of Dietitians including accompanying materials.

• MeSH
• Helminths parasitology   growth & development   MeSH
• Salmon parasitology   MeSH
• Fresh Water MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• infekční lékařství

Arabidopsis thaliana mutants dysfunctional in the evolutionarily conserved protein complex chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1), which deposits the canonical histone H3 variant H3.1 during DNA synthesis-dependent chromatin assembly, display complex phenotypic changes including meristem and growth alterations, sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, and reduced fertility. We reported previously that mutants in the FAS1 subunit of CAF-1 progressively lose telomere and 45S rDNA repeats. Here we show that multiple aspects of the fas phenotype are recovered immediately on expression of a reintroduced FAS1 allele, and are clearly independent of the recovery of rDNA copy-numbers and telomeres. In reverted lines, 45S rDNA genes are recovered to diverse levels with a strikingly different representation of their variants, and the typical association of nucleolar organizing region 4 with the nucleolus is perturbed. One of 45S rDNA variants (VAR1), which is silenced in wild-type (WT) plants without mutation history (Col-0 WT), dominates the expression pattern, whereas VAR2 is dominant in Col-0 WT plants. We propose an explanation for the variability of telomere and 45S rDNA repeats associated with CAF-1 function, suggesting that the differences in nuclear partitioning and expression of the rDNA variants in fas mutants and their revertants provide a useful experimental system to study genetic and epigenetic factors in gene dosage compensation.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Chromatin genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Genome, Plant genetics   MeSH
• Arabidopsis Proteins genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• DNA, Ribosomal genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Telomere genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The Black Death, originating in Asia, arrived in the Mediterranean harbors of Europe in 1347 CE, via the land and sea trade routes of the ancient Silk Road system. This epidemic marked the start of the second plague pandemic, which lasted in Europe until the early 19th century. This pandemic is generally understood as the consequence of a singular introduction of Yersinia pestis, after which the disease established itself in European rodents over four centuries. To locate these putative plague reservoirs, we studied the climate fluctuations that preceded regional plague epidemics, based on a dataset of 7,711 georeferenced historical plague outbreaks and 15 annually resolved tree-ring records from Europe and Asia. We provide evidence for repeated climate-driven reintroductions of the bacterium into European harbors from reservoirs in Asia, with a delay of 15 ± 1 y. Our analysis finds no support for the existence of permanent plague reservoirs in medieval Europe.

• MeSH
• History, Medieval MeSH
• Disease Outbreaks history   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Plague epidemiology   transmission   MeSH
• Climate * MeSH
• Check Tag
• History, Medieval MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Historical Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH

Článek připomíná zákaz pohřbívání žehem v křesťanské Evropě a boj za jeho znovuzavedení na přelomu 19. a 20. století. Specificky v českých zemích trval zákaz kremace až do roku 1919, kdy byl z podnětu dramatika a tehdy i poslance J. Kvapila přijat jeden z nejstručnějších zákonů v naší historii, kterým se pohřbívání ohněm povolilo. Ve stejném roce bylo jako první u nás zprovozněno liberecké krematorium. Letos je to tedy přesně sto let od znovuobnovení tohoto způsobu pohřbívání, jehož podíl na celkovém počtu pohřbů se dnes v ČR pohybuje okolo 80 %.

The article reminds of the prohibition of cremation in Christian Europe and the struggle for the reintroduction of cremation at the turn of the 20th century. In the Czech lands, the prohibition of cremation was in force until 1919 when, on the initiative of J. Kvapil, a playwright and also a then deputy, one of the shortest acts ever was passed which allowed cremation. In the same year, the Liberec crematorium was the first to be put into operation in the Czech Republic. This year, it is exactly one hundred years since the reintroduction of cremation in the Czech Republic, which now accounts for around 80% of the annual total of funerals in this country.

Wild orangutan populations exist in an increasingly fragile state. As numbers continue to decline and populations became fragmented, the overall health of remaining individuals becomes increasingly at risk. Parasitic infections can have a serious impact on the health of wild orangutans, and can be fatal. It has been reported that rehabilitated individuals demonstrate a higher prevalence of parasitic diseases, and it is possible that they may spread these infections to wild orangutans upon reintroduction. In order to ensure the success of reintroduction and conservation efforts, it is crucial to understand the potential risks by fully understanding what parasites they have been reported to be infected with. Using this knowledge, future conservation strategies can be adapted to minimize the risk and prevalence of parasite transmission in the remaining orangutan populations. There is still limited information available on orangutan parasites, with several still not identified to the species level. Based on comprehensive literature review, we found 51 parasite taxa known to infect wild, semi-wild, and captive orangutans, including newly reported species. Here, we summarize methods used to identify parasites and draw conclusions relative to their reported prevalence. We also recommend fecal sample preservation and analytical methods to obtain best result in the future.

• MeSH
• Parasites pathogenicity   MeSH
• Pongo parasitology   MeSH
• Prevalence MeSH
• Primates MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

Znovuzavedení ECIC do neurochirurgické praxe. Staovení diagnostických kriterií pro určení nemocných, kteří mohou z ECIC profitovat. Pokusit se prokázat, že ECIC má své místo v prevenci i v léčbě CVD u přísný vybraných nemocných..; Reintroduction of ECIC into the neurosurgical practice. The determination of patients who might benefit from the procedure. To provide, if possible, that ECIC has it s place in the prevention and treatment of strictly selected CVD patients.

• MeSH
• Anastomosis, Surgical utilization   methods   MeSH
• Surgical Procedures, Operative utilization   methods   MeSH
• Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological utilization   MeSH
• Brain Ischemia therapy   MeSH
• Clinical Protocols MeSH
• Patient Selection MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• neurologie
• neurochirurgie
• NML Publication type
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR