Citizens play a crucial role in attaining the United Nations 2030 sustainable development goals (SDGs). There is growing awareness of the importance of understanding citizen perspectives on environmental issues, in relation to developing and maintaining sustainable lifestyles, and in addressing perceived threats to protection and restoration of ecosystems and biodiversity. This analysis sought to understand people's attitudes towards environmental conservation, how they relate to perceived threats to the countryside, and to determine how attitudes and perceived threats vary demographically and between countries. A survey was administered to citizens (quota sampled on age, gender, education, and split between rural and urban residency) across five countries representative of differing biogeographical regions (N = 3,190): Czech Republic (n = 649) (Continental); Spain (Mediterranean) (n = 623); Sweden (Boreal) (n = 645); Switzerland (Alpine) (n = 641); United Kingdom (UK) (Atlantic) (n = 632). Attitudes were measured using the Environmental Attitudes Inventory (EAI-24) on 2 factors (utilization; preservation) and perceived threat to the countryside on 1-factor (15 items). Multigroup regression analysis indicated that preservationist attitudes were associated with greater perceived threat to the countryside in all five countries. Higher perceived threat was associated with activities linked to environmental degradation, socio-economic uncertainty and risks in agri-food supply chains in all countries. The "bad behaviour of visitors" was the greatest perceived threat in the Czech Republic, Switzerland and the UK, while "lack of young farmers taking over farming" was the greatest perceived threat in Spain and Sweden. To promote pro-environmental attitudes and obtain greater public support for policies and interventions targeting environmental conservation, communication about environmental threats is needed, together with threat mitigation measures. Raising peoples' awareness of threats to the countryside through targeted communications could promote pro-environment attitudes and potentially result in pro-environmental behaviours.
- MeSH
- Biodiversity MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Ecosystem MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Attitude * MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Conservation of Natural Resources * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Europe MeSH
- Spain MeSH
Šíření antibiotické rezistence přestavuje jednu z největších aktuálních výzev zdravotnictví. Studie prezentuje data z pilotního šetření mezi českými praktickými lékaři zaměřeného na vnímání rizika ATB rezistence a znalosti praktických lékařů týkajících se klasifikace AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve), která dle mezinárodních doporučení slouží jako hlavní indikátor pro sledování kvality preskripce ATB. Výsledky pilotního výzkumu naznačují, že lékaři vnímají ATB rezistenci jako zásadní problém, který se ale týká především zdravotních výzev mimo český systém zdravotnictví. Můžeme zároveň identifikovat vliv sociodemografických charakteristik (především věku a pohlaví) na míru pociťované závažnosti šíření ATB rezistence. Druhá část analýzy se zaměřuje na schopnost respondentů posoudit jednotlivá antibiotika z hlediska jejich vhodnosti pro rutinní a racionální empirickou ATB preskripci podle klasifikace AWaRe. Závěry výzkumu poukazují především na význam regionálních rozdílů a zdůrazňují potřebu zvážit strukturální aspekty v rámci debaty o ATB preskripci.
The issue of antibiotic resistance stands as one of the foremost contemporary global challenges in healthcare. This study presents findings from a pilot survey conducted among Czech general practitioners, concentrating on their perception of antibiotic resistance risk and their knowledge of the AWaRe classification. This classification, in accordance with international guidelines, serves as the principal indicator for monitoring the quality of antibiotic prescriptions. The results of the pilot research suggest that physicians perceive antibiotic resistance as a major problem, but one that is primarily related to health challenges outside the Czech healthcare system. We can also identify the influence of socio-demographic characteristics (mainly age and gender) on the perceived severity of the spread of antibiotic resistance. The second part of the analysis focuses on the ability of respondents to assess individual antibiotics in terms of their suitability for routine and rational, empirical antibiotic prescription according to the AWaRe classification. In particular, the research findings highlight the importance of regional differences and emphasize the need to consider structural aspects within the antibiotic prescribing debate.
- Keywords
- klasifikace AWaRe,
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Microbial * MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Drug Prescriptions * MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Inappropriate Prescribing MeSH
- Pilot Projects MeSH
- Attitude MeSH
- General Practitioners MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
BACKGROUND: Due to the aging of the population, the promotion of healthy aging is an important part of public health. Healthy aging of the population can be influenced by the attitudes of the elderly themselves towards old age and aging. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to find out the attitudes of older people living in a community environment toward old age and the predictors that influence these attitudes. METHODS: The evaluation of attitudes towards old age using the WHO AAQ (Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire) questionnaire involved 1,174 elderly people living in the community. Age, sex, marital status, education, subjective health assessment, social support, depression (GDS-15), anxiety (GAI), sense of coherence (SOC-13) and self-esteem (RSES) were used to evaluate related factors. RESULTS: As part of the exploratory factor analysis, a three-factor model (Psychosocial Loss, Physical Change, and Psychological Growth) was confirmed. The Cronbach alpha was found to be acceptable (α = 0.835). The predictors of better AAQ in the Psychological Loss domain were: subjective health, age, quality of life, self-esteem, sense of coherence, life satisfaction, anxiety, and social support; in the Physical Change domain: subjective health, quality of life, self-esteem, life satisfaction, cohabitation, and depression; and in the Psychological Growth domain: age, self-esteem, sense of coherence, life satisfaction, and social support. CONCLUSION: Preventive and policy measures should aim to increase the satisfaction and self-assessment of the elderly, which can help them evaluate the period of old age more positively. It is also important to create a positive perspective of ageing and elderly in society.
- MeSH
- Quality of Life * psychology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Attitude MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Self Concept MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Aging * psychology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in the perception of the functioning of the family system between professional foster parents, their life partners, biological children, and children placed in professional foster families. Methods: The sample consisted of 401 respondents. The functioning of the family system was measured using the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale - FACES IV. The Family Communication Scale and the Family Satisfaction Scale were administered to assess communication and satisfaction with the family system. Results: The results of the statistical analyses did not confirm differences in the perception of the functioning of the family system between professional foster parents and their life partners, nor between the biological children of professional foster parents and children placed in professional foster families. Professional foster parents and children placed in professional foster families differed statistically significantly in balanced cohesion. Professional foster parents and their biological children differed statistically significantly in their perception of disengaged cohesion. Partners of professional foster parents and children placed in professional foster families differed in their perception of family adaptability, with children in professional foster families perceiving family functioning as more rigid compared to partners of professional foster parents. The results also indicated that biological children perceived family cohesion as more disengaged than partners of professional foster parents. Conclusion: Understanding the functioning of the family system of professional families is important in effectively applying a systems approach when working with this target group.
- MeSH
- Family Characteristics * MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Communication MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Foster Home Care * MeSH
- Attitude MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Parents MeSH
- Family MeSH
- Social Adjustment MeSH
- Social Cohesion MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Nurse educators' competence requirements are constantly evolving. Continuous professional development opportunities vary and there are very few programmes that utilize international collaboration. An Erasmus+ funded New Nurse Educator project developed and implemented a 30 ECTS study programme for nurse educator education and continuous professional development. The aim of the current study is to report the evaluation of the utility of the Empowering Nurse Educators in the Changing World (ENEC) study programme. International descriptive multi method study with a pre-test post-test design was conducted. Evaluation of the impact of the programme on the participants utilized five different instruments and participants' learning diaries. Programme participants were nurse educators and nurse educator candidates from six European countries (n = 42). Analyses indicate that the participants' competence increased in all areas measured after the programme, and that their competence is good. Participants highly valued the international collaboration and exchange of experiences and expertise. The evaluation indicates that international nurse educator education programmes are beneficial for both seasoned and aspiring nurse educators. This study provides novel information on the development and enhancement of nurse educator competence. For further development of continuing professional development, it is crucial to support the development of nurse educator education study programmes in Europe.
- MeSH
- Education, Nursing, Continuing * methods organization & administration MeSH
- Professional Competence statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Attitude MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Education, Nursing, Graduate * methods organization & administration MeSH
- Nurses MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Background: Awareness and understanding of organ donation after brain death can significantly influence an individuals' perceptions of the issue. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the current level of awareness and perception of the Slovenian public regarding organ donation after brain death. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 784 individuals. Inferential statistics were conducted using IBM SPSS version 25. Results: The research sample of the studied Slovenian population demonstrated support for organ donation after brain death, despite a relatively low level of awareness of the topic. Significant demographic differences emerged in respondents' perceptions of organ donation. Female respondents, individuals with higher levels of educational attainment, and those working in health and social care exhibited more positive attitudes. In contrast, the age group of 50 years and above obtained the lowest scores. Statistically significant differences in awareness levels were only observed among different work sectors, with individuals working in health and social care showing higher levels of awareness. A positive yet weak correlation was found between the awareness and perceptions regarding the topic. Conclusion: Raising public awareness is essential for promoting organ donation. This can be achieved through the dissemination of information on the subject by experienced professionals.
The aim of the project was to find out how the opinions of minor children are ascertained in proceedings in which they are participants, what techniques are used, and whether (and to what extent) the courts take the ascertained opinions into account when making decisions that affect the children's future life. The rights of children to adequate participation in court proceedings mainly results from the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The paper discusses how the child's opinion is ascertained depending on his or her age, the methods of ascertaining the child's opinion, including the specific techniques that may be used and, last but not least, the importance of ascertaining the child's opinion for the justification of the judgment. The results of the research show the crucial role of an authority of social and legal protection of children as a conflict guardian, and also point out that it's necessary to pay constant attention to the actual realization of the rights of minors. In the Czech Republic the determination of the opinions of minors is well anchored in the legislation, but reality does not always correspond to this.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Child Advocacy * standards legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Child Custody legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Attitude MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Judicial Role MeSH
- Decision Making MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Úvod: Je důležité zohlednit postoje studentů ošetřovatelství k dárcovství krve, protože mohou ovlivnit budoucí zdravotnické postupy a přispět k řešení přetrvávajících problémů s nedostatkem krve ve zdravotnických systémech. Studenti ošetřovatelství jako budoucí poskytovatelé zdravotní péče mají potenciál hrát významnou roli při ovlivňování vnímání a chování veřejnosti v oblasti dárcovství krve. Cíl: Hlavním cílem této práce je zjistit názory studentů a jejich zapojení do darování krve v České republice. Soubor a metody: Jednalo se o průřezovou studii využívající online dotazník vlastní konstrukce. Výzkumný vzorek tvořili studenti ošetřovatelství ze dvou českých univerzit. Analýza dat byla zpracována v programu Microsoft Excel. Výsledky: Výzkumný vzorek zahrnoval 115 respondentů. Výsledky ukázaly, že krev daruje pouze 23 % z celkového počtu studentů. Nejčastějšími důvody jsou zdravotní omezení nebo nezájem o tuto problematiku. Výzkum odhalil, že největší vliv na rozhodnutí studentů darovat krev má rodina, škola a nečekané události. Závěr: Studentiošetřovatelstvíprojevujípříznivývztah k dárcovstvíkrve. Je však naléhavě nutné zavéstkomplexnějšívzdělávací programy, které by rozšířilyjejich znalostní základnu. Tato strategie podpory pozitivníchpostojů a současnéhozvyšování znalostí můžepotenciálněvéstke zvýšení míry dárcovstvíkrvemezistudentyošetřovatelství.
Introduction: It is important to consider the attitudes of nursing students towards blood donation because they can influence future healthcare practices and help address the ongoing issues of blood shortages in healthcare systems. Nursing students, as future healthcare providers, have the potential to play a significant role in shaping public perceptions and behaviors regarding blood donation. Objective: The main objective of this work is to determine the opinions of students and their involvement in blood donation in the Czech Republic. Sample and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire of our own design. The research sample consisted of nursing students from two Czech universities. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel. Results: The research sample included 115 respondents. The results showed that only 23% of the total number of students donate blood. The most common reasons are health limitations or a lack of interest in this issue. The research revealed that the biggest influences on students' decisions to donate blood are family, school, and unexpected events. Conclusion: Nursing students show a favorable attitude towards blood donation, and it is urgently necessary to implement more comprehensive educational programs to expand their knowledge base. This strategy of supporting positive attitudes while simultaneously increasing knowledge may potentially lead to an increase in blood donation rates among nursing students.
Pracovníci ve zdravotnických a sociálních službách hrají klíčovou roli při zajištění celkové pohody pacientů žijících v domovech pro seniory díky svému rozsáhlému a komplexnímu zapojení se do této péče. Ke kompletní pohodě, fyzické i psychické, patří i sexuální potřeby seniorů, což je oblast, která je často tabuizována nebo přehlížena v seniorském věku jako zbytečná či nepotřebná. Ukazuje se však, že opak je pravdou. Jedním z úkolů profesionálních pečovatelů by mělo být aktivní zapojení do procesu pozorného naslouchání sexuálním obavám a problémům seniorů, náprava mylné představy o sexualitě u starších jedinců, podpora sebevědomí rezidentů domovů pro seniory a jejich povzbuzení k otevřené komunikaci svých obav. Starší dospělí často řeší problémy týkající se sexuálního zdraví spíše sami, než aby aktivně komunikovali s formálními pečovateli. Přítomnost rozpaků, strach z ukončení pobytu v sociálním zařízení a pocit, že profesionál postrádá zájem nebo pochopení, to vše přispívá k váhavosti při řešení sexuálních záležitostí během kontaktu seniorů s personálem. Hlavním cílem naší studie bylo prozkoumat postoje formálních pečujících v domovech pro seniory k sexualitě u starších dospělých pomocí nestandardizovaného dotazníku vlastní konstrukce. Dotazník byl anonymní, sběr dat proběhl v měsících únor a březen 2024, elektronickou formou byl rozeslán prostřednictvím sociální platformy. Z výsledků tohoto dotazníkového šetření vyplývá, že postoje pečujících k sexualitě seniorů nejsou signifikantně závislé na délce praxe v oboru. Určitá přímo úměrná souvislost byla zjištěna mezi ochotou komunikovat a dosaženým stupněm vzdělání, i když statisticky byla spíše méně významná. Většina respondentů sdílela názor, že starší lidé nemají v podmínkách domova pro seniory možnost se k problematice sexuality vyjádřit a že jejich sexualita je významně ovlivněna prostředím, ve kterém žijí. Všichni respondenti se shodli na tom, že sexualita ve stáří je přirozená, ale jen 56 % dotázaných se domnívalo, že je potřeba o tomto tématu se seniory hovořit. Více než čtvrtina respondentů se necítila být kompetentní o této problematice se seniory hovořit. Tyto závěry nás vedou ke zdůraznění potřeby věnovat se této oblasti života seniorů, jelikož sexualita úzce souvisí nejen se sexem samotným, ale také obecně se vztahy a její ignorace může vést k pocitům osamění, případně až k rozvoji syndromu deprese, jehož incidence ve stáří narůstá.
Health and social care workers ensure patients‘ overall well-being in nursing homes through extensive and comprehensive care involvement. Comprehensive well-being, both physical and mental, also includes the sexual needs of seniors, an area that was often taboo or overlooked as unnecessary or unnecessary in seniority. However, it turns out that the opposite is accurate. One of the tasks of professional caregivers should be to be actively involved in the process of attentive listening to the sexual concerns and problems of the elderly, correcting any potential misconceptions about sexuality in older individuals, supporting the self-esteem of residents of nursing homes and encouraging them to communicate their concerns openly. Older adults often deal with sexual health issues on their own rather than actively communicating with formal caregivers. The presence of embarrassment, fear of ending the stay in a social facility and the feeling that the professional lacks interest or understanding all contribute to hesitancy in dealing with sexual matters during contact between seniors and staff. The main aim of our study was to investigate the attitudes of formal caregivers in nursing homes towards sexuality in older adults using a non-standardized questionnaire of our design. The questionnaire was anonymous, and data collection took place in February and March 2024. The questionnaire was sent electronically via a social platform. The results of this questionnaire survey show that the attitudes of caregivers to the sexuality of seniors are not significantly dependent on the length of experience in the field. A direct correlation was found between willingness to communicate and educational attainment, although statistically, it was less significant. Most respondents shared the opinion that older people do not have the opportunity to express themselves on the issue of sexuality in the conditions of a home for the elderly and that their sexuality is significantly influenced by the environment in which they live. All respondents agreed that sexuality in old age is natural, but only 56 % of respondents believed that it was necessary to talk about this topic with seniors. More than a quarter of respondents did not feel competent to speak to seniors about this issue. These conclusions lead us to emphasise the need to further focus on this area of the lives of seniors, as sexuality is closely related not only to sex itself but also to relationships in general, and ignoring it can lead to feelings of loneliness or even to the development of depression syndrome, the incidence of which increases in old age.
