• MeSH
• genderová identita MeSH
• zdraví žen MeSH

• Konspekt
• Sociologie
• NLK Obory
• sexuologie
• psychologie, klinická psychologie
• sociologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• elektronické časopisy

• MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• sexuální diferenciace MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• neurovědy

• MeSH
• chromozomy MeSH
• heterochromatin MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH

In albino rats (Wistar) aged 10 and 14 days of postnatal life, experiments were performed, in which the intensity of lipoperoxidative processes in cerebral cortex and medulla oblongata in four experimental series was measured and compared (between males and females, the effect of hypobaric hypoxia corresponding 7000 m of altitude and lasting 20 minutes and the effect of short-term starvation i.e. for 24 hours between the day 5th and 6th of postnatal life and finally between females and males exposed to the combination of mentioned stressors). The hypoxia evokes significantely greater increase of lipoperoxidative processes in brain tissue of males. The short-term starvation affected more the oxygen radicals production in females. The exposition to normobaric oxygen atmosphere enhanced the lipid peroxidative processes also significantely in the brain tissue of males of various age (as compared with females). Male and female rats (Wistar), 5 days old and full grown rats were used in experiments in which the effect of i.p. administered adrenaline (0,15 mg/kg body weight) on the ascorbic acid content in various parts of the brain and plasma was followed. The significant decrease of ascorbic acid content in the brain in females (increase in the plasma) and exactly the opposite result in males (full grown) were described. In rats, distinct developmental changes in plasma dopamin betahyd- roxylase (E.C.1.14.17.1.) activity and significant differences between sexes were established (higher activity in females). Stressors such as hypoxia and short-term starvation in young as well in adults-evokes a decrease of DBH plasmatic activity.

• Klíčová slova
• brain, oxygen radicals, sex-differences, ascorbic acid, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, ontogeny,
• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH

• MeSH
• dominance mozková MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní procesy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti MeSH
• osobnost MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

The annual incidence of cardiovascular diseases is age-dependently increasing both in men and women, however, the prevalence is higher in men until midlife. The higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in men than in women of similar age, and the menopause-associated increase in cardiovascular disease in women, has led to speculation that gender-related differences in sex hormones might have a key role in the development and evolution of cardiovascular disease. There are several suggested pathways in which gender and sex hormones can affect human cardiovascular system to produce original sexually different pathophysiology between women and men. Sex steroid hormones and their receptors are critical determinants of cardiovascular gender differences. Also arterial blood pressure is typically lower in women than in men what could be explained particularly by greater synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in women. Female cardiomyocytes have a greater survival advantage when challenged with oxidative stress, suggesting that female hormones may play an important role in antioxidative protection of myocardium. It was also demonstrated in animal models that combination of XX chromosomes versus an XY chromosomes enhances sex differences in higher HDL cholesterol. Women were found to have reduced sympathetic activity (reflected by lower total peripheral resistance) and pulmonary artery pressure and enhanced parasympathetic activity relative to men. Similarly, men were found to have higher plasma norepinephrine levels than women. Regarding differences between the sexes in electrophysiology of the heart, two principle mechanisms have been proposed to explain them: hormonal effects on the expression or function of ion channels or, conversely, differences in autonomic tone. To improve diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, greater focus on understanding the molecular and cellular physiology of the sex steroid hormones and their receptors in the cardiovascular system will be required.

• MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
• pohlavní steroidní hormony fyziologie   MeSH
• převodní systém srdeční fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

A wide range of literature connects sex ratio and mating behaviours in non-human animals. However, research examining sex ratio and human mating is limited in scope. Prior work has examined the relationship between sex ratio and desire for short-term, uncommitted mating as well as outcomes such as marriage and divorce rates. Less empirical attention has been directed towards the relationship between sex ratio and mate preferences, despite the importance of mate preferences in the human mating literature. To address this gap, we examined sex ratio's relationship to the variation in preferences for attractiveness, resources, kindness, intelligence and health in a long-term mate across 45 countries (n = 14 487). We predicted that mate preferences would vary according to relative power of choice on the mating market, with increased power derived from having relatively few competitors and numerous potential mates. We found that each sex tended to report more demanding preferences for attractiveness and resources where the opposite sex was abundant, compared to where the opposite sex was scarce. This pattern dovetails with those found for mating strategies in humans and mate preferences across species, highlighting the importance of sex ratio for understanding variation in human mate preferences.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
• poměr pohlaví * MeSH
• rozmnožování MeSH
• sexuální partneři MeSH
• výběrové chování MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

• MeSH
• endokrinní systém růst a vývoj   MeSH
• poruchy sexuálního vývoje MeSH
• sexuální diferenciace MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NLK Obory
• endokrinologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

Progesterone, estrogens, androgens and glucocorticoids all play important roles during pregnancy, from implantation to delivery. Focusing on selected steroid hormones in the peripartum period, we defined reference ranges measured using LS-MS/MS, and assessed relationships with maternal age, pregnancy weight gain, delivery type, and fetal sex. Samples were taken from 142 healthy women with physiological gravidity at the 37th week, during the first period of labor, and from newborn mixed cord blood. We found higher cortisol and 17-OH-pregnenolone plasma levels in mothers at the 37th week that carried male fetuses (p=0.03), but no significant differences in any studied hormones in newborns of different sex. Neither maternal age nor weight gain nor newborn birth weight had any relationships to any of the studied hormones. However, there were differences depending on vaginal versus planned cesarean section deliveries. In women carrying a male fetus we found significantly higher levels of 17-OH-pregnenolone, progesterone, cortisol, corticosterone and significantly lower levels of estradiol in those undergoing spontaneous vaginal delivery. However, we found no significant differences in the cord blood of newborn males from either delivery type. We established reference ranges for our analysis methods, which should be useful for further studies as well as in standard clinical practice.

• MeSH
• císařský řez metody   trendy   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• peripartální období krev   MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
• pohlavní steroidní hormony krev   MeSH
• steroidy krev   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vedení porodu metody   trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH