tryptone
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Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo vyhodnotenie vplyvu 6 kultivačných médií (komplexné – 5, minerálne – 1) na tvorbu biofilmu a na odpoveď na oxidačný stres u Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3 kmene) a Vibrio cholerae non-O1 (3 kmene). Metodika: Tvorbu biofilmu sme kvantitatívne vyhodnotili testom absorpcie kryštálovej violete. Odpoveď baktérií na oxidačný stres vyvolaný peroxidom vodíka sme hodnotili ako zónu vyčírenia obklopujúcu disky po 24 hodinovej inkubácii pri 37 °C. Výsledky: Najvyššiu tvorbu biofilmu u obidvoch bakteriálnych druhov sme zistili po kultivácii v tryptónovo-sójovom médiu (TSM), resp. v tryptónovo-sójovom médiu obohatenom o 8 % glukózy ( TSM +GL), najnižšiu v minerálnom médiu (MM). Kmene V. cholerae non-O1 boli v priemere 1,4- 3,4 krát citlivejšie v odpovedi na oxidačný stres v závislosti na médiu v porovnaní s kmeňmi P. aeruginosa. Zloženie kultivačného média výrazne neovplyvnilo reakciu vibrií na oxidačný stres vyvolaný H2O2 na rozdiel od P. aeruginosa. Najvyššiu rezistenciu na H2O2 u P. aeruginosa v priemere sme zistili po kultivácii v peptónovej vode, najcitlivejšie boli bunky po kultivácii v TSM + GL a v MM. Záver: Zloženie kultivačného média ovplyvnilo tvorbu biofilmu u obidvoch bakteriálnych druhov a výraznejšie ovplyvnilo aj odpoveď na oxidačný stres u P. aeruginosa.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of six culture media (five complex and one mineral) on biofilm formation and response to oxidative stress in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3 strains) and Vibrio cholerae non-O1 (3 strains). Methods: Biofilm formation was quantitatively determined by a crystal violet absorption assay. The bacterial response to oxidative stress evoked by hydrogen peroxide was visualized as a zone of clearing around the disc after 24 h incubation at 37°C. Results: For both of the bacterial species studied, biofilm formation was the highest after cultivation in tryptone soya broth (TSM) or in TSM supplemented with 8% glucose (TSM+GL), being the lowest in mineral medium (MM). V. cholerae non O1 strains were 1.4 to 4.3 times more responsive on average to oxidative stress depending on culture medium as compared with P. aeruginosa strains. The culture medium had no significant effect on H2O2 evoked by response to oxidative stress in vibrios in contrast to P. aeruginosa. In P. aeruginosa, the highest mean resistance to H2O2 was observed after cultivation in peptone water while the most sensitive cells were found after incubation in TSM+GL and MM. Conclusion: The culture medium composition influnced biofilm formation in both of the bacterial species tested and had a considerable effect on response to oxidative stress in P. aeruginosa.
- MeSH
- biofilmy růst a vývoj MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- kultivační techniky metody využití MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxid vodíku škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa izolace a purifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- Vibrio cholerae O1 izolace a purifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
To better understand the production of enzymes of industrial interest from microorganisms with biotechnological potential using lignocellulosic biomass, we evaluated the production of endoglucanase and xylanase from Aspergillus tamarii. CAZymes domains were evaluated in the genome, and a screening of the enzymatic potential of A. tamarii in various agricultural biomasses was done. The enzymatic profile could be associated with the biomass complexity, with increased biomass recalcitrance yielding higher activity. A time-course profile defined 48 h of cultivation as the best period for cultivating A. tamarii in sugarcane bagasse reached 12.05 IU/mg for endoglucanase and 74.86 IU/mg for xylanase. Using 0.1% (w/v) tryptone as the only nitrogen source and 12 μmol/L CuSO4 addition had an overall positive effect on the enzymatic activity and protein production. A 22 factorial central composite design was used then to investigate the simultaneous influence of tryptone and CuSO4 on enzyme activity. Tryptone strongly affected enzymatic activity, decreasing endoglucanase activity but increasing xylanase activity. CuSO4 supplementation was advantageous for endoglucanases, increasing their activity, and it had a negative effect on xylanases. But overall, the experimental design increased the enzymatic activity of all biomasses used. For the clean cotton residue, the experimental design was able to reach the highest enzyme activity for endoglucanase and xylanase, with 1.195 IU/mL and 6.353 IU/mL, respectively. More experimental studies are required to investigate how the biomass induction effect impacts enzyme production.
Cell wall envelopes treated with sodium hydroxide and spray-dried were used as mercury sorbents. The sorbent having sorption capacity 17.7 ± 0.1 μmol/g determined was employed for preconcentration of mercury containing 1-10 ng/L. After preconcentration, bioavailable mercury was detected in samples of soil, stream, and tap water via induction of bioluminescence of E. coli ARL1. Iron and manganese at concentrations of tenth microgram per liter interfered bioluminescence detection of mercury. In tap water was detected semiquantitatively 0.127 ± 0.1 nmol/L by the induction of bioluminescence of E. coli ARL1 in medium with tryptone after preconcentration using a method of standard addition.
Cíl práce: Detekovat a charakterizovat kmeny meticilin-rezistentních bakterií Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) v chovech prasat, na porážce a ve vzorcích masa v tržní síti. Materiál a metody: Celkem bylo v letech 2013-2015 vyšetřeno 890 vzorků, z prvovýroby (prasat na farmách) pocházelo 59 vzorků, ze zpracovatelských podniků (jatek) pocházelo 463 stěrů a z tržní sítě bylo odebráno 368 vzorků vepřového masa a jater. K detekci MRSA byla použita kultivační metoda. Po homogenizaci vzorků bylo provedeno neselektivní pomnožení v pufrované peptonové vodě při 37 °C po dobu 18-24 hodin a dále bylo provedeno dvoustupňové selektivní pomnožení. Pět mililitrů PPV bylo přeneseno do média Mueller-Hinton s 6,5% přídavkem NaCl a po inkubaci, která probíhala ve všech krocích při 37 °C po dobu 18-24 hodin, byl 1 ml inokulován do trypton-sojového bujónu s cefoxitinem a aztreonamem. Další den pak byla suspenze vyočkována na Baird-Parker a Brilliance TM MRSA 2 agary. Suspektní kolonie byly konfirmovány metodou PCR, byl detekován fragment SA442 specifický pro kmeny druhu S. aureus, mecA gen kódující rezistenci k meticilinu a bylo provedeno potvrzení příslušnosti izolátu ke klonálnímu komplexu CC398. Dále byla stanovena rezistence k panelu 11 antimikrobiálních látek za použití diskové difuzní metody. Výsledky: V rámci studie bylo získáno 51 kmenů MRSA, 15 pocházelo od živých prasat, 31 izolátů z jatek a 5 bylo detekováno ve vzorcích z tržní sítě. Ke klonálnímu komplexu CC398 náleželo 47 (92,2 %) kmenů MRSA. Čtyři izoláty non-CC398 byly získány z prostředí dvou porážek a pocházely od zvířat ze tří různých farem. Izoláty často vykazovaly vícečetnou rezistenci. U izolátů MRSA byla detekována rezistence k erytromycinu (36; 70,6 %), tetracyklinu (29; 56,9 %), fluorochinolonům (7; 13,7 %), ko-trimoxazolu (6; 11,8 %) a aminoglykosidům (4; 7,8 %). Závěr. V potravinách živočišného původu byly detekovány izoláty MRSA náležející do klonálního komplexu CC398, jenž pochází z chovů hospodářských zvířat. Tyto kmeny jsou často charakterizovány vícečetnou rezistencí. Role potravního řetězce v šíření LA-MRSA zatím není jednoznačně objasněna.
Objectives: To detect and characterize strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on pig farms, at slaughterhouses and meat samples at retail sale. Material and Methods; A total of 890 samples were examined in the years 2013-2015, comprising 59 samples from primary production (pig farms), 463 swabs from processing plants (slaughterhouses) and 368 samples of pork meat and liver collected at retail sale. The culture method was used for the detection of MRSA. After homogenization, the samples were enriched in buffered peptone water at 37 °C for 18-24 hours and two-stage selective enrichment was performed. Five milliliters of PPV were transferred to Mueller-Hinton medium with addition of 6.5% NaCl and after incubation at 37 °C for 18-24 hours, 1 ml was inoculated into tryptone soy broth with cefoxitin and aztreonam. The suspension was plated onto Baird-Parker and Brilliance TM MRSA 2 agar on the next day. Suspected colonies were confirmed by PCR, the specific S. aureus fragment SA442, the mecA gene encoding resistance to methicillin and relation to the clonal complex CC398 were detected. Further, resistance test to a panel of 11 antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method was performed. Results: Within this study, 51 MRSA strains were obtained, of which 15 originated from live pigs, 31 isolates were from slaughterhouses and 5 were detected in retail samples. Forty-seven (92.2 %) MRSA strains belonged to the clonal complex CC398. Four non-CC398 isolates were obtained from two slaughterhouses and came from three farms. The strains often showed multiple resistance. In some MRSA isolates, resistance to erythromycin (36; 70.6 %), tetracychne (29; 56.9 %), fluoroquinolones (7; 13.7 %), co-trimoxazole (6; 11.8 %) and aminoglycosides (4; 7.8 %) was detected. Conclusion: MRSA isolates of the clonal complex CC398 dominate in foods of animal origin. These strains originate from livestock and are often characterized by multiple resistance to antimicrobials. The role of the food chain in the spread of LA-MRSA is not yet clearly understood.
- MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maso mikrobiologie zásobování a distribuce MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- metody pro přípravu analytických vzorků MeSH
- potravní řetězec * MeSH
- prasata * mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Biodegradation potential of Dichomitus squalens in biofilm cultures and rotating biological contactor (RBC) was investigated. The fungus formed thick biofilms on inert and lignocellulosic supports and exhibited stable activities of laccase and manganese peroxidase to reach 40-62 and 25-32% decolorization of anthraquinone Remazol Brilliant Blue R and heterocyclic phthalocyanine dyes, respectively. The decolorization ceased when glucose concentration dropped to 1 mmol l(-1). In RBC reactor, respective decolorizations of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and heterocyclic Methylene Blue and Azure B dyes (50 mg l(-1)) attained 99%, 93%, and 59% within 7, 40 and 200 h. The fungus exhibited tolerance to coliform and non-coliform bacteria on rich organic media, the inhibition occurred only on media containing tryptone and NaCl. The degradation efficiency in RBC reactor, capability to decolorize a wide range of dye structures and tolerance to bacterial stress make D. squalens an organism applicable to remediation of textile wastewaters.
- MeSH
- barva MeSH
- barvicí látky izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Basidiomycota metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- bioreaktory mikrobiologie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- naftalensulfonany izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- rotace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
... TBX agar (Tryptone bile X-glucuronide medium, Oxoid) 61 -- 2.5. ...
Vydání: první 62 stran : ilustrace (některé barevné) ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- bezpečnost potravin MeSH
- hygiena MeSH
- kontaminace potravin MeSH
- laboratoře MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
- průmysl zpracování potravin MeSH
- Konspekt
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- Mikrobiologie
- NLK Obory
- hygiena
- zemědělství a potravinářství
- biochemie
- mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
- praktická cvičení
So far there is no internationally accepted, standardized method for MIC determination of natural substances such as essential oils (EOs). The aim of this study was to elucidate how much the MIC values obtained from various studies using different culture media are comparable. The median MICs for cinnamon essential oil (EO) obtained by broth dilution were 517, 465 and 517 μg/mL for Mueller-Hinton Broth (MHB), Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB) and Brain Heart Infusion (BHI), respectively. The MIC values for oregano EO were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in MHB than in highly nutritious media; the median MICs were 616 μg/mL for MHB and 474 μg/mL for TSB and BHI. This statistically significant difference was noted for all the pathogens studied (Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus). In the presence of oregano EO lag phase was also much less prolonged in MHB (by 6-17%) than in the other media (by 92-189%). Some components of EOs may bind to starch in MHB; since the phenomenon seems to be selective and EO dependent, the use of MHB for comparison of antimicrobial properties of various EOs thus cannot be recommended.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
... - 5.1 General 3 -- 5.2 Neutralizing diluents and diluents 3 -- 5.3 Diluent for yeast suspension (tryptone ...
v, 19 stran ; 30 cm
... Principle 2 -- 5 Diluents and culture media 2 -- 5.1 General 2 -- 5.2 Diluent for the yeast suspension (tryptone ...
15 stran ; 30 cm
... General 3 -- 5.2 Neutralizing diluents and diluents 3 -- 5.3 Diluent for the bacterial suspension (tryptone ...
34 stran v různém číslování : tabulka ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- aerobní bakterie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Bacteria izolace a purifikace MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky normy MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky izolace a purifikace normy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- směrnice MeSH
- Konspekt
- Metrologie. Standardizace
- NLK Obory
- estetická medicína
- mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
