univentricular circulation Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Aims This study aims to retrospectively quantify skeletal muscle mass from cardiovascular imaging studies in total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) patients and to correlate calculated muscle mass with clinical outcomes. Materials and methods Ninety-one TCPC patients at a mean age of 24.0 ±5.5 years (37 women; 40.7%) who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of their follow-up were identified in a single-center database. The cross-sectional skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the Th4 and Th12 levels was calculated from CT images, and the dorsal skeletal muscle area (SMA) at the Th12 level was measured from an MRI. Results Calculated SMI at Th12 level was 38.0 (34.5; 42.0) cm2.m-2 or 89.6 (81.9; 101.6) % of predicted values. The median follow-up from CT was 5.9 (3.1; 8.5) years, and the composite endpoint (death N=5, heart transplant N=6) was reached in a total of 11 (26.8%) patients. Patients with SMI (Th12) less than 90% of predicted values had a hazard ratio of 5.8 (95% CI: 1.2; 28.3) (p=0.03) for endpoint achievement. In the MRI group, dorsal SMA at the Th12 level was 27.6 ±5.1 cm2 in men and 20.0 ±5.8 cm2 in women. Correlations were found between SMA/kg and peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) (r=0.48, p=0.0005) and fat-free mass (r=0.63, p<0.0001), respectively. Conclusions A low SMI at the Th12 level was associated with a higher risk of death or cardiac transplantation. Evaluation of skeletal muscle mass using cardiovascular imaging methods allows rapid identification of individuals at risk of sarcopenia.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Fontanovská cirkulace je chirurgickým řešením komplexních srdečních vad v případech, kdy není možné zachovat oddělený systémový a plicní oběh. Spočívá v několika za sebou jdoucích operačních výkonech, jejichž finálním řešením je napojení horní duté žíly na větev plicnice a propojení duté žíly s plicnicí prostřednictvím intraatriálního nebo extrakardiálního tunelu. Vzniká tak neoportální cirkulace zahrnující dva kapilární oběhy za sebou, závislé na dobré systolické i diastolické funkci společné komory, centrálním žilním tlaku a nízké pulmonální vaskulární rezistenci. Dlouhodobé přežití nemocných s Fontanovskou cirkulací je velmi dobré, nicméně morbidita je vysoká. Častými komplikacemi jsou srdeční selhání, arytmie a zvýšení plicní vaskulární rezistence, které samostatně nebo v kombinaci mohou vést ke zhroucení tohoto delikátního oběhu. Často dochází i k poškození dalších systémů, nejčastěji jater a hemostázy. Reziduální nálezy po primárních operacích je možno řešit chirurgicky či katetrizačně, pro medikamentózní terapii ale neexistuje léčba založená na důkazech.
The Fontan circulation is surgical solution of complicated heart defects in cases when it is not possible to maintain distinct systemic and pulmonary circulations. It involves several consecutive surgical operations, the final step being the attachment of the superior vena cava to a pulmonary artery branch and connection of the vena cava to the pulmonary artery through an intra-atrial or extracardiac tunnel. This gives rise to neoportal circulation comprising two capillary circulations in tandem, dependent on good systolic and diastolic function of the common ventricle, central venous pressure, and low pulmonary vascular resistance. Long-term survival of patients with the Fontan circulation is very good; however, morbidity is high. Frequent complications include heart failure, arrhythmias, and increased pulmonary vascular resistance that, alone or in combination, may lead to collapse of this delicate circulation. Moreover, damage to other systems often occurs, most commonly involving the liver function and haemostasis. Residual findings following primary surgery can be managed with surgery or catheterization; no evidence base exists for medical therapy.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- bypass pravého srdce metody mortalita MeSH
- dlouhodobé vedlejší účinky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Fontanova operace * metody mortalita škodlivé účinky MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza epidemiologie etiologie terapie MeSH
- jednokomorové srdce chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předoperační vyšetření normy MeSH
- srdeční selhání chirurgie etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- vrozené srdeční vady MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
A 6-year-old boy, born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, underwent total cavopulmonary connection and later presented in a significantly deteriorated condition. A CT scan revealed multiple thrombi in the extracardiac conduit, although the patient was maintained on an effective anticoagulant therapy. Further examination revealed anamnestic antibodies suggesting that the patient had gone through a clinically inapparent COVID-19 infection, which we conclude most likely contributed to his hypercoagulable state and led to the formation of significant thrombi impairing the patient's haemodynamics. The patient underwent a surgical thrombectomy; there were no post-operative thrombotic complications.
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- Fontanova operace * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- syndrom hypoplazie levého srdce * chirurgie MeSH
- trombóza * etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Palliation of the single ventricle (SV) circulation is associated with a burden of lifelong complications. Previous studies have identified that the need for a permanent ventricular pacing system (PPMv) may be associated with additional adverse long-term outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to quantify the attributable risk of PPMv in patients with SV, and to identify modifiable risk factors. METHODS: This international study was sponsored by the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society. Centers contributed baseline and longitudinal data for functionally SV patients with PPMv. Enrollment was at implantation. Controls were matched 1:1 to PPMv subjects by ventricular morphology and sex, identified within center, and enrolled at matched age. Primary outcome was transplantation or death. RESULTS: In total, 236 PPMv subjects and 213 matched controls were identified (22 centers, 9 countries). Median age at enrollment was 5.3 years (quartiles: 1.5-13.2 years), follow-up 6.9 years (3.4-11.6 years). Median percent ventricular pacing (Vp) was 90.8% (25th-75th percentile: 4.3%-100%) in the PPMv cohort. Across 213 matched pairs, multivariable HR for death/transplant associated with PPMv was 3.8 (95% CI 1.9-7.6; P < 0.001). Within the PPMv population, higher Vp (HR: 1.009 per %; P = 0.009), higher QRS z-score (HR: 1.19; P = 0.009) and nonapical lead position (HR: 2.17; P = 0.042) were all associated with death/transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: PPMv in patients with SV is associated with increased risk of heart transplantation and death, despite controlling for increased associated morbidity of the PPMv cohort. Increased Vp, higher QRS z-score, and nonapical ventricular lead position are all associated with higher risk of adverse outcome and may be modifiable risk factors.
Severe aortic stenosis can be accompanied by various degrees of left ventricular underdevelopment. The assessment whether a borderline-sized left ventricle can or cannot support the systemic circulation is crucial. The decision-making still remains challenging. We present a case that illustrates that the development of haemodynamic parameters can be difficult to estimate, even in the long term. The patient went from biventricular to univentricular circulation and back and could finally be palliated by heart transplantation. Modern technology including long-term mechanical cardiac support as a bridge to candidacy and drug therapy for pulmonary hypertension were vital to successfully combat a previously lethal disease.
V posledních desetiletích přibývají v populaci počty žijících pacientů s funkčně jedinou srdeční komorou. Pod touto diagnózou jsou sdruženy komplexní vrozené srdeční vady, u kterých nelze srdce operací rozdělit na dvě funkční komory. Prognóza dětí narozených s funkčně jedinou komorou se významně zlepšila se zavedením principu Fontanovy cirkulace do klinické praxe v 80. letech minulého století. Ten spočívá v přímém napojení systémového žilního návratu na plicní řečiště. Cílovou operací je v současné době úplné kavopulmonální spojení (Total Cavopulmonary Connection, TCPC), při kterém je napojena horní dutá žíla na větev plicnice přímo a dolní dutá žíla prostřednictvím intrakardiálního nebo extrakardiálního konduitu bez chlopně. Srdce je z plicního oběhu vyřazeno a funkčně jediná srdeční komora je zapojena pouze do systémového oběhu. Z patofyziologického hlediska je průtok krve plícemi závislý na transpulmonálním gradientu mezi centrálním žilním tlakem a tlakem v síni plicních žil. Pro funkčnost tohoto systému je nezbytné splnění přísných indikačních kritérií, mezi které patří nízký tlak v plicnici, nízká arteriolární plicní rezistence, dostatečná kapacita plicnic a dobrá funkce myokardu a srdečních chlopní. V konečném výsledku TCPC zajistí téměř úplné okysličení krve při optimální srdeční práci za cenu zvýšeného tlaku v žilním řečišti.
In recent decades, the number of living patients with a functionally single ventricle has increased in the population. Complex congenital heart defects are associated under this diagnosis, in which the heart cannot be surgically divided into two separate functional ventricles chambers. The prognosis of children born with a functionally single ventricle has significantly improved with the introduction of the Fontan circulation principle into clinical practice in the 1980s. It consists in the direct connection of the systemic venous return to the pulmo- nary circulation. The target operation is currently a Total Cavopulmonary Connection (TCPC), in which the upper vena cava is connected to the pulmonary branch directly and the inferior vena cava via a valve less intracardiac or extracardiac conduit. The heart is excluded from the pulmonary circulation and the ventricle is connected only to the systemic circulation. From a pathophysiological point of view, blood flow through the lungs is dependent on the transpulmonary gradient between the central venous pressure and the pressure in the atrium of the pulmonary veins. Strict indication criteria must be met for this system to function, including low pulmonary pressure, low arteriolar pulmonary resistance, sufficient lung capacity, and good myocardial and heart valve function. In the end, TCPC ensures almost complete oxygenation of the blood during optimal cardiac work at the cost of increased venous pressure.
OBJECTIVES: Fetal aortic valvuloplasty (FV) aims to prevent fetal aortic valve stenosis progressing into hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), which results in postnatal univentricular (UV) circulation. Despite increasing numbers of FVs performed worldwide, the natural history of the disease in fetal life remains poorly defined. The primary aim of this study was to describe the natural history of fetal aortic stenosis, and a secondary aim was to test previously published criteria designed to identify cases of emerging HLHS with the potential for a biventricular (BV) outcome after FV. METHODS: From a European multicenter retrospective study of 214 fetuses with aortic stenosis (2005-2012), 107 fetuses in ongoing pregnancies that did not undergo FV were included in this study and their natural history was reported. We examined longitudinal changes in Z-scores of aortic and mitral valve and left ventricular dimensions and documented direction of flow across the foramen ovale and aortic arch, and mitral valve inflow pattern and any gestational changes. Data were used to identify fetuses satisfying the Boston criteria for emerging HLHS and estimate the proportion of these that would have been ideal FV candidates. We applied the threshold score whereby a score of 1 was assigned to fetuses for each Z-score meeting the following criteria: left ventricular length and width > 0; mitral valve diameter > -2; aortic valve diameter > -3.5; and pressure gradient across either the mitral or aortic valve > 20 mmHg. We compared the predicted circulation with known survival and final postnatal circulation (BV, UV or conversion from BV to UV). RESULTS: Among the 107 ongoing pregnancies there were eight spontaneous fetal deaths and 99 livebirths. Five were lost to follow-up, five had comfort care and four had mild aortic stenosis not requiring intervention. There was intention-to-treat in these 85 newborns but five died prior to surgery, before circulation could be determined, and thus 80 underwent postnatal procedures with 44 BV, 29 UV and seven BV-to-UV circulatory outcomes. Of newborns with intention-to-treat, 69/85 (81%) survived ≥ 30 days. Survival at median 6 years was superior in cases with BV circulation (P = 0.041). Those with a postnatal UV circulation showed a trend towards smaller aortic valve diameters at first scan than did the BV cohort (P = 0.076), but aortic valve growth velocities were similar in both cohorts to term. In contrast, the mitral valve diameter was significantly smaller at first scan in those with postnatal UV outcomes (P = 0.004) and its growth velocity (P = 0.008), in common with the left ventricular inlet length (P = 0.004) and width (P = 0.002), were reduced significantly by term in fetuses with UV compared with BV outcome. Fetal data, recorded before 30 completed gestational weeks, from 70 treated neonates were evaluated to identify emerging HLHS. Forty-four had moderate or severe left ventricular depression and 38 of these had retrograde flow in the aortic arch and two had left-to-right flow at atrial level and reversed a-waves in the pulmonary veins. Thus 40 neonates met the criteria for emerging HLHS and BV circulation was documented in 13 (33%). Of these 40 cases, 12 (30%) had a threshold score of 4 or 5, of which five (42%) had BV circulation without fetal intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The natural history in our cohort of fetuses with aortic stenosis and known outcomes shows that a substantial proportion of fetuses meeting the criteria for emerging HLHS, with or without favorable selection criteria for FV, had a sustained BV circulation without fetal intervention. This indicates that further work is needed to refine the selection criteria to offer appropriate therapy to fetuses with aortic stenosis. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- MeSH
- aortální stenóza diagnostické zobrazování epidemiologie chirurgie MeSH
- balónková valvuloplastika * MeSH
- fetální srdce MeSH
- gestační stáří MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- koronární cirkulace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci plodu diagnostické zobrazování epidemiologie chirurgie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ultrasonografie prenatální * MeSH
- výsledek těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
The Fontan operation or total cavopulmonal connection (TCPC) is a palliative surgical correction of rare and complex inborn cardiac malformations that are characterized by univentricular circulation. Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) develops in 4-13% of patients after the Fontan procedure. Fontan-related PLE leads to secondary combined immunodeficiency marked by hypogammaglobulinemia and predominantly CD4+ lymphocytopenia. Here, we present 3 case reports of patients with secondary immunodeficiency after the Fontan operation. The severity of hypogammaglobulinemia correlated with the nature of the infectious complications; however, clinical manifestations of T cell deficiency such as severe viral or opportunistic infections were not observed. The clinical consequences of the secondary combined immunodeficiency were modified by immunoglobulin replacement treatment and antibiotic prophylaxis. Heart transplantation led to the resolution of PLE signs and the restitution of IgG levels in 1 transplanted patient. Our experience shows that the immunological follow-up was delayed in all 3 patients. We suggest that all patients should be followed regularly by a clinical immunologist after the Fontan surgery.
- MeSH
- agamaglobulinemie krev imunologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- Fontanova operace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- imunofenotypizace MeSH
- imunoglobulinové izotypy krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfopenie krev imunologie MeSH
- počet lymfocytů MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- těžká kombinovaná imunodeficience diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
