• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH

• O autorovi
• Wolf, Jan, 1894-1977 Autorita

• MeSH
• anatomie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• atlasy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
• NLK Obory
• anatomie

• MeSH
• anatomie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• atlasy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
• NLK Obory
• anatomie

• MeSH
• kardiopulmonální resuscitace MeSH
• péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• anesteziologie a intenzivní lékařství

OBJECTIVE: Describe pathological features on internal and external aspects of the skull of an ancient grey wolf. MATERIALS: Wolf remains that were found at the southwestern settlement Area A of Gravettian site Pavlov I. METHODS: Visual observation and description; microcomputed tomography; porosity and fragmentation indices for internal and external skull features; histological section of the fourth upper premolar tooth. RESULTS: Dorsally, the sagittal crest revealed bone healing and remodeling. The sagittal lesion differential diagnosis was blunt trauma with or without fracture. Ventrally, otic region pathology included severe proliferation and lysis (osteomyelitis). The pathology was not resolvable among differential (microbial) causes of osteomyelitis, although other potential etiologies were ruled out. CONCLUSIONS: Probable first report of otic region osteomyelitis in an ancient grey wolf. SIGNIFICANCE: The proximity of the wolf remains to human-related findings, and presence of red ochre and shells, suggest human involvement in the burial. LIMITATIONS: This is a single specimen with differential diagnoses that were not resolvable to a single definitive diagnosis. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: Further investigation of the possible anthropological significance of the burial circumstances.

• MeSH
• archeologie MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• lebka * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• osteomyelitida diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• paleopatologie MeSH
• pohřeb dějiny   MeSH
• vlci * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Hybridization and introgression can impact the evolution of natural populations. Several wild canid species hybridize in nature, sometimes originating new taxa. However, hybridization with free-ranging dogs is threatening the genetic integrity of grey wolf populations (Canis lupus), or even the survival of endangered species (e.g., the Ethiopian wolf C. simensis). Efficient molecular tools to assess hybridization rates are essential in wolf conservation strategies. We evaluated the power of biparental and uniparental markers (39 autosomal and 4 Y-linked microsatellites, a melanistic deletion at the β-defensin CBD103 gene, the hypervariable domain of the mtDNA control-region) to identify the multilocus admixture patterns in wolf x dog hybrids. We used empirical data from 2 hybrid groups with different histories: 30 presumptive natural hybrids from Italy and 73 Czechoslovakian wolfdogs of known hybrid origin, as well as simulated data. We assessed the efficiency of various marker combinations and reference samples in admixture analyses using 69 dogs of different breeds and 99 wolves from Italy, Balkans and Carpathian Mountains. Results confirmed the occurrence of hybrids in Italy, some of them showing anomalous phenotypic traits and exogenous mtDNA or Y-chromosome introgression. Hybridization was mostly attributable to village dogs and not strictly patrilineal. The melanistic β-defensin deletion was found only in Italian dogs and in putative hybrids. The 24 most divergent microsatellites (largest wolf-dog FST values) were equally or more informative than the entire panel of 39 loci. A smaller panel of 12 microsatellites increased risks to identify false admixed individuals. The frequency of F1 and F2 was lower than backcrosses or introgressed individuals, suggesting hybridization already occurred some generations in the past, during early phases of wolf expansion from their historical core areas. Empirical and simulated data indicated the identification of the past generation backcrosses is always uncertain, and a larger number of ancestry-informative markers is needed.

• MeSH
• beta-defensiny genetika   MeSH
• chromozom Y MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• genetické markery * MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• hybridizace genetická * MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA MeSH
• molekulární evoluce MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace * MeSH
• populační genetika MeSH
• psi MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• vlci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• psi MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH

Cílem práce je srovnání účinnosti extrakorporální litotrypse rázovou vlnou na podkladě piezoelektrického impulzu (litotryptor Piezolith 3000 Wolf) a elektrohydraulického výboje (litotryptor Medilit M6). V souboru pacientů se hodnotil koeficient úspěšnosti EQ (Preminger a Clayman). Při použití přístroje Piezolith 3000 Wolf vychází nižší účinnost oproti použití přístroje Medilit M6, výhodou je lepší tolerance litotrypse, nižší spotřeba analgetik a tím vyšší komfort pacienta.

The aim of the paper was to compare the efficiency of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with waves generated by a piezoelectric (Wolf Piezolith 3000 lithotriptor) or electrohydraulic (Medilit M6 lithotriptor) source. The Efficiency Quotient (EQ)/Preminger and Clayman/ was evaluated in a cohort of patients. The efficiency of Wolf Piezolith 3000 was found lower compared to that of Medilit M6; its advantages included better lithotripsy tolerance, lower consumption of analgesics and, thus, superior patient comfort.

• Klíčová slova
• extrakorporální litotrypse rázovou vlnou - ESWL, litotryptor Piezolith 3000 Wolf, litotryptor Medilit M6,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• litotripse klasifikace   metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• urolitiáza terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Local extinction and recolonization events can shape genetic structure of subdivided animal populations. The gray wolf (Canis lupus) was extirpated from most of Europe, but recently recolonized big part of its historical range. An exceptionally dynamic expansion of wolf population is observed in the western part of the Great European Plain. Nonetheless, genetic consequences of this process have not yet been fully understood. We aimed to assess genetic diversity of this recently established wolf population in Western Poland (WPL), determine its origin and provide novel data regarding the population genetic structure of the grey wolf in Central Europe. We utilized both spatially explicit and non-explicit Bayesian clustering approaches, as well as a model-independent, multivariate method DAPC, to infer genetic structure in large dataset (881 identified individuals) of wolf microsatellite genotypes. To put the patterns observed in studied population into a broader biogeographic context we also analyzed a mtDNA control region fragment widely used in previous studies. In comparison to a source population, we found slightly reduced allelic richness and heterozygosity in the newly recolonized areas west of the Vistula river. We discovered relatively strong west-east structuring in lowland wolves, probably reflecting founder-flush and allele surfing during range expansion, resulting in clear distinction of WPL, eastern lowland and Carpathian genetic groups. Interestingly, wolves from recently recolonized mountainous areas (Sudetes Mts, SW Poland) clustered together with lowland, but not Carpathian wolf populations. We also identified an area in Central Poland that seems to be a melting pot of western, lowland eastern and Carpathian wolves. We conclude that the process of dynamic recolonization of Central European lowlands lead to the formation of a new, genetically distinct wolf population. Together with the settlement and establishment of packs in mountains by lowland wolves and vice versa, it suggests that demographic dynamics and possibly anthropogenic barriers rather than ecological factors (e.g. natal habitat-biased dispersal patterns) shape the current wolf genetic structure in Central Europe.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• haplotypy genetika   MeSH
• migrace zvířat fyziologie   MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice genetika   MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA genetika   MeSH
• populační genetika * MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• vlci genetika   MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Před 100 léty se narodil první český expediční lékař MUDr. Jaromír Wolf (1919–1990).V mládí byl vyznavačem woodcraftu, který jej naučil lásce k přírodě a k pobytu ve volné kra-jině. Odtud byl jen krok k horolezectví, které se stalo spolu s tělovýchovným lékařstvím náplníjeho života. K nejvyšším vrcholům doprovázel několik československých a českých expedic. O své poznatky se dělil se svými spolupracovníky a publikoval je v odborných periodicích.Několik let byl členem exekutivy Světové horolezecké federace (UIAA) a její lékařské komise.Značnou popularitu si získaly beletristicky podaná líčení výprav do Himálaje v roce 1973 a v roce 1976.

One hundred years ago the first Czech expeditions ́ doctor Jaromír Wolf (1919–1990) wasborn. He enjoyed woodcraft in his young age, and through it he learned loving nature andstaying in open-air natural surroundings. From there it was only one step to mountaineering,which became together with sports medicine his life ́s dear. He accompanied several Czecho-slovak and Czech expeditions to the highest mountain summits. He shared his knowledge andexperiences with his collaborators and published them in scientific journals. For several yearshe was a member of the executive of UIAA (Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpi-nisme) and it ́s Medical Commission. His book depiction of Himalaya expeditions in 1973 and 1976 earned highest readers ́ valuation.

• MeSH
• horolezectví MeSH
• tělovýchovné lékařství * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH

• O autorovi
• Wolf, Jaromír, 1919-1990 Autorita

The survival of isolated small populations is threatened by both demographic and genetic factors. Large carnivores declined for centuries in most of Europe due to habitat changes, overhunting of their natural prey and direct persecution. However, the current rewilding trends are driving many carnivore populations to expand again, possibly reverting the erosion of their genetic diversity. In this study we reassessed the extent and origin of the genetic variation of the Italian wolf population, which is expanding after centuries of decline and isolation. We genotyped wolves from Italy and other nine populations at four mtDNA regions (control-region, ATP6, COIII and ND4) and 39 autosomal microsatellites. Results of phylogenetic analyses and assignment procedures confirmed in the Italian wolves a second private mtDNA haplotype, which belongs to a haplogroup distributed mostly in southern Europe. Coalescent analyses showed that the unique mtDNA haplotypes in the Italian wolves likely originated during the late Pleistocene. ABC simulations concordantly showed that the extant wolf populations in Italy and in south-western Europe started to be isolated and declined right after the last glacial maximum. Thus, the standing genetic variation in the Italian wolves principally results from the historical isolation south of the Alps.

• MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• genotyp * MeSH
• haplotypy MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA genetika   MeSH
• populační genetika MeSH
• vlci genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH