Toxic metals that are released into aquatic environments from natural and anthropogenic sources are absorbed by aquatic organisms and may threaten the health of both aquatic organisms and humans. Despite this, there have been limited studies on the metal concentrations in fish and humans in Central Asia. This study summarizes the presence of the toxic metals arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in aquatic bodies, fish, and seafood products and conducts a risk assessment. While certain areas show a notable increase in fish and seafood consumption, the overall intake in Central Asia remains below recommended levels. However, in regions with high fish consumption, there is a potential for elevated exposure to toxic metals, especially Hg. The risk of exposure to toxic metals in fish and seafood in Central Asia emerges as a significant concern. Comprehensive monitoring, regulation, and remediation efforts are imperative to ensure the safety of water sources and food consumption in the region. Public awareness campaigns and the establishment of dietary guidelines play a crucial role in minimizing the health risks associated with consumption.

• Klíčová slova
• arsenic, cadmium, fish, lead, mercury, toxic metals,
• MeSH
• arsen * toxicita   analýza   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• kadmium toxicita   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• kovy toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   MeSH
• rtuť * toxicita   analýza   MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• těžké kovy * toxicita   analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• arsen * MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• kovy MeSH
• rtuť * MeSH
• těžké kovy * MeSH

The mudskipper Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier, 1816), (Gobiidae) are caught throughout the year and they are considered as most edible mudskipper species in Sundarbans. They are targeted by special gears and sold live in large quantities in the local markets of Diamond Harbor, Namkhana and Kakdweep. The adult P. elongatus (14-18 cm total length) specimens were purchased from the Diamond Harbor landing center for evaluation of its biochemical components such as Protein, carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin, and minerals. The percentage composition of protein was high (27.34%) followed by the carbohydrate (4.57%) and lipid (2.72%). The amino acids both essential (47.72%) and non-essential (42.91%) was found adequate. Among fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was found the maximum (31.55%) followed by saturated fatty acid (SFA; 27.66%) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; 19.55%). Vitamin A (112.5 IU/100 g) and Ca2+ (62.2 mg/100 g) were found maximum levels. The present finding supports that P. elongatus is valuable for human consumption due to its high-quality protein with well-balanced amino acids.

• Klíčová slova
• Pseudapocryptes elongatus, amino acid, fatty acids, minerals, proteins, vitamins,
• MeSH
• dietní sacharidy analýza   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné mononenasycené analýza   MeSH
• lipidy analýza   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• nutriční hodnota * MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   MeSH
• potravní rybí proteiny analýza   MeSH
• ryby * MeSH
• vitaminy analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dietní sacharidy MeSH
• kyseliny mastné mononenasycené MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny MeSH
• potravní rybí proteiny MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Omega-3 common carp (OCC) raised by patented culture systems have higher level of n-3 fatty acids and n-3/n-6 ratio than normal common carps (NCCs) from traditional culture system. Whether the patented farming system and modified fatty acid profile will influence OCC storage stability is unclear. This study aimed to expose the differences of post-mortem quality changes between NCC and OCC. RESULTS: NCC and OCC have similar rigor mortis patterns, only a higher level of lactic acid was observed in NCC after 96 h. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) related compounds had no major differences, but slightly higher inosine monophosphate in OCC was found at 36 h. The K-value, Ki-value and Hx-index demonstrated high cohesiveness (Pearsons two-tailed, r = 0.968-0.984, P < 0.05) during storage, with statistically comparable (P > 0.05) temporal progress of change in NCC and OCC. The indices were lower in OCC than in NCC. Attenuation of myosin heavy chain in OCC was not as distinct as in NCC, coincided with its higher salt-soluble protein level at 144 h. Before 96 h, thiobarbituric acid value (TBA), total viable count (TVC), cooking loss (CL), drip loss (DL), and hardness in NCC and OCC were similar. However, at 144 h, higher TBA, TVC, CL and DL while lower hardness in NCC than in OCC were observed. Principle component analysis showed good separation of NCC and OCC in biplot at 0 and 144 h. CONCLUSION: Patented culture system has a slightly positive influence on post-mortem quality of common carp. It can be used for producing OCC without compromising storage stability. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

• Klíčová slova
• ATP related compounds, common carp, lipid oxidation, protein degradation, rigor mortis,
• MeSH
• adenosintrifosfát analýza   MeSH
• kapři klasifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   MeSH
• řízení kvality MeSH
• skladování potravin MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adenosintrifosfát MeSH

Fillets from marine fish species contain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the form of phospholipids (PLs). To investigate the importance of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs in mediating the anti-obesogenic effect of lean seafood, we compared the anti-obesogenic properties of fillets from cod with fillets from pangasius, a fresh water fish with a very low content of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs. We prepared high-fat/high-protein diets using chicken, cod and pangasius as the protein sources, and fed male C57BL/6J mice these diets for 12 weeks. Mice fed the diet containing cod gained less adipose tissue mass and had smaller white adipocytes than mice fed the chicken-containing diet, whereas mice fed the pangasius-containing diet were in between mice fed the chicken-containing diet and mice fed the cod-containing diet. Of note, mice fed the pangasius-containing diet exhibited reduced glucose tolerance compared to mice fed the cod-containing diet. Although the sum of marine n-3 PUFAs comprised less than 2% of the total fatty acids in the cod-containing diet, this was sufficient to significantly increase the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in mouse tissues and enhance production of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as compared with mice fed pangasius or chicken.

• Klíčová slova
• DHA, EPA, endocannabinoids, marine protein source, n-3 PUFA, nutrition, obesity and mice, phospholipids, seafood,
• MeSH
• dieta s vysokým obsahem proteinů metody   MeSH
• dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků metody   MeSH
• drůbeží výrobky MeSH
• Gadus morhua * MeSH
• kyselina eikosapentaenová metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny dokosahexaenové metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 analýza   MeSH
• látky proti obezitě analýza   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   MeSH
• sumci * MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina eikosapentaenová MeSH
• kyseliny dokosahexaenové MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 MeSH
• látky proti obezitě MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH

Recent state-of-the-art methods developed for the analysis of polar xenobiotics from different types of biological matrices usually employ liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. However, there are limitations when a small amount of sample mass is available. For example, individual benthic invertebrates or fish tissue samples often weigh less than 100 mg (e.g., brain, liver) but are necessary to understand environmental fate and bioaccumulation dynamics. We developed ultra-fast methods based on a direct sample introduction technique. This included coupling laser diode thermal desorption with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LDTD-APCI-MS). We then quantitated a common selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram) in brain tissues of individual juvenile fish after in vivo exposure to environmentally relevant concentration. Two mass spectrometric methods based on low (LDTD-APCI-triple quadrupole (QqQ)-MS/MS) and high (LDTD-APCI-high-resolution product scan (HRPS)) resolutions were developed and evaluated. Individual instrument conditions were optimized to achieve an accurate and robust analytical method with minimum sample preparation requirements. We achieved very good recovery (97-108%) across the range of 1-100 ng g-1 for LDTD-APCI-HRPS. LDTD-APCI-QqQ-MS/MS showed poorer performance due to interferences from the matrix at the lowest concentration level. LDTD-APCI ionization was successfully validated for analysis of non-filtered sample extracts. Evaluation of final methods was performed for a set of real fish brain samples, including comparison of LDTD-APCI-HRPS with a previously validated LC-heated electrospray ionization-HRPS method. This new LDTD-APCI-HRPS method avoids the chromatographic step and provides important benefits such as analysis of limited sample masses, lower total sample volume (typically μL), and reduction in analysis time per sample run to a few seconds. Graphical abstract.

• Klíčová slova
• Ambient ionization, Green chemistry, Juvenile fish, Laser diode thermal desorption, Psychoactive pharmaceutical,
• MeSH
• antidepresiva druhé generace analýza   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• citalopram analýza   MeSH
• lasery polovodičové MeSH
• mozek - chemie * MeSH
• Oncorhynchus mykiss * metabolismus   MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   MeSH
• selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu analýza   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice metody   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antidepresiva druhé generace MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• citalopram MeSH
• selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu MeSH

Mandatory disclosure of the species identity, production method, and geographical origin are embedded in the regulations and traceability systems, governing international seafood trade. A high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach could simultaneously authenticate the species identity and geographical origin of commercially important shrimps. The highly innovative approach spared the need for multiple testing methods which are in routine use currently. A robust chemometric model, developed using the metabolite fingerprint dataset, could accurately predict the species identity of the shrimp samples. Subsequently, species-specific biomarkers were discovered and a tandem mass spectrometry method for authentication of the species was developed. Two other chemometric models from the metabolomics experiment accurately predicted the geographical origin of king prawns and tiger prawns. The study has shown for the first time that food-metabolomics along with chemometrics can simultaneously check for multiple seafood fraud issues in the global seafood supply-chain.

• Klíčová slova
• Biomarker identification, Chemometrics, Shrimp fraud, Species authentication, Untargeted metabolomics,
• MeSH
• analýza potravin metody   MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   chemie   MeSH
• Decapoda (Crustacea) chemie   klasifikace   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• metabolomika * MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH

The hepatic cytochrome p450 enzymes 1 A, 2A19 and 2E1 is very important for the elimination of skatole from the body of pigs. Impaired skatole metabolism, results in skatole accumulation, which give rise to off flavor of the meat. Several metabolites of skatole has been identified, however the role of these metabolites in the inhibition of the skatole metabolizing enzymes are not documented. Using microsomes from pigs and fish, we determined the ability of several skatole metabolites to inhibit CYP1 A, CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 dependent activity. Our results show that 2-aminoacetophenone is an inhibitor of porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 activity, but not the piscine orthologues. In conclusion, there is species specific differences in the inhibition of CYP1 A and CYP2A19 dependent metabolism of probe substrates. This is relevant to the evaluation of different model systems and to the reduction of off flavor of meat.

• Klíčová slova
• Cytochrome P450, Pig, Rainbow trout, Skatole metabolism,
• MeSH
• acetofenony toxicita   MeSH
• červené maso analýza   MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP2E1 metabolismus   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• inhibitory cytochromu P450 CYP2E1 toxicita   MeSH
• jaterní mikrozomy účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kumariny toxicita   MeSH
• nitrofenoly toxicita   MeSH
• oxaziny toxicita   MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• skatol toxicita   MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-aminoacetophenone MeSH Prohlížeč
• 4-nitrophenol MeSH Prohlížeč
• acetofenony MeSH
• coumarin MeSH Prohlížeč
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP2E1 MeSH
• ethoxyresorufin MeSH Prohlížeč
• inhibitory cytochromu P450 CYP2E1 MeSH
• kumariny MeSH
• nitrofenoly MeSH
• oxaziny MeSH
• skatol MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 MeSH

In this study we have identified and characterized microplastic particles (MPs) found in six fish species of commercial importance in central Chile. The fish species belong to different trophic levels and were obtained from the oceanic and coastal habitats. To analyze MPs, the fish gastrointestinal content was extracted, analyzed and characterized using a microscopy equipped with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The MPs found in fish samples were mainly constituted by red microfibers (70-100%) with sizes ranging between 176 and 2842 μm. Polyester, polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were identified as the prevalent polymers detected. The coastal species showed the presence of microfibers with a higher size and abundance (71%) compared to oceanic species (29%), suggesting there is a greater exposure risk. These findings are consistent with results found in other investigations worldwide. However, further research is still needed to accurately establish the potential exposure risk for the public consuming these fish and the impact of MPs in the Chilean fishery activities.

• Klíčová slova
• Biobío region, Chile, FTIR, Fish species, Microfibers, Microplastics,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• gastrointestinální obsah chemie   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• oceány a moře MeSH
• plastické hmoty analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   MeSH
• ryby metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Chile MeSH
• oceány a moře MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• plastické hmoty MeSH

The aim of this survey was to compare total mercury (THg) in canned fish in terms of species and fishing area. A number of 110 samples of canned fish, which were divided by fish species and fishing area, were analysed. The highest THg content in muscle tissue was found in the escolar. In other fish species, the highest level was detected in tuna. Mercury content in tuna differed significantly from mackerel, sardine, and sprat. Mercury content in herring differed significantly from sprat. The order of the fish according to their THg content corresponds to their status in the aquatic food chain. A significant difference was also found between fish caught from the closed Mediterranean and Black Sea and fish caught in the open oceans. In terms of THg content, the results of this study indicate good quality of various species of canned fish caught in worldwide locations.

• Klíčová slova
• FAO area, Marine fish, fish muscle, fish species, fishing areas, total mercury,
• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• oceány a moře MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   MeSH
• potraviny konzervované analýza   MeSH
• rtuť analýza   MeSH
• ryby * MeSH
• svaly chemie   MeSH
• tuňák MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Černé moře MeSH
• Česká republika MeSH
• oceány a moře MeSH
• Středozemní moře MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rtuť MeSH

Biogenic amine and fatty acid contents were determined in vacuum-packed fillets of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Samples were pressure treated at 300 and 500 MPa and were stored at 3.5 and 12°C for up to 28 days (control, 0 MPa) and 70 days (pressure-treated). The content of eight biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, and phenylethylamine) were determined. Putrescine and cadaverine were influenced by all factors (temperature, pressurization level, and time of storage). Tyramine content was the most sensitive indicator of the improper status of sample; levels exceeding 10 mg/kg indicated both the loss of meat freshness and temperature abuse, in spite of persisting good sensory indices. Neither storage temperature nor pressurization level had a statistically important effect on the contents of fatty acids. Only polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased slightly if the storage time exceeded 42 days.

• MeSH
• analýza potravin * MeSH
• biogenní aminy analýza   MeSH
• kapři MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami metody   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• obaly potravin MeSH
• potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza   MeSH
• vakuum MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biogenní aminy MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH