- Keywords
- hřebeny,
- MeSH
- Archaeology MeSH
- Pediculus * pathogenicity MeSH
- Lice Infestations * history etiology therapy MeSH
- Geographicals
- Ancient Lands MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Pediculosis humanus capitis is a worldwide public health concern that affects mostly school-aged children. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of pediculosis and to determine possible risk factors in a group of primary school children in Valencia, Spain; 227 children, 6-7 years old, were selected from 7 schools. METHODS: A self-reported questionnaire completed by the parents/guardians about the presence of pediculosis in their children and their knowledge about pediculosis. The results recorded in the questionnaire were analysed by SPSS® software. RESULTS: 30.4% of the children had pediculosis. The results showed significant variation (p < 0.05) in prevalence depending on the following factors: sex, hair length, level of parental education, family size, presence of affected family member in the home, and frequency of hair washing. Less than half of parents/guardians showed an appropriate level of knowledge on pediculosis. Pediculosis remains a health problem in Valencian schoolchildren. The family size and existence of another member with pediculosis were shown to be the main potentiating factors. CONCLUSIONS: Parents are not sufficiently informed about pediculosis and adopt inappropriate practices. There is a need to promote studies with the objective of determining risk factors for pediculosis as well as the need for actions to increase the knowledge of parents and healthcare professionals on this parasitosis to prevent outbreaks in the community, assure correct treatment and maintain effective epidemiological surveillance.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pediculus * MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Family MeSH
- Educational Status MeSH
- Lice Infestations * epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Spain MeSH
The Philopterus Complex includes several lineages of lice that occur on birds. The complex includes the genera Philopterus (Nitzsch, 1818; Psocodea: Philopteridae), Philopteroides (Mey, 2004; Psocodea: Philopteridae), and many other lineages that have sometimes been regarded as separate genera. Only a few studies have investigated the phylogeny of this complex, all of which are based on morphological data. Here we evaluate the utility of nuclear and mitochondrial loci for recovering the phylogeny within this group. We obtained phylogenetic trees from 39 samples of the Philopterus Complex (Psocodea: Philopteridae), using sequences of two nuclear (hyp and TMEDE6) and one mitochondrial (COI) marker. We evaluated trees derived from these genes individually as well as from concatenated sequences. All trees show 20 clearly demarcated taxa (i.e., putative species) divided into five well-supported clades. Percent sequence divergence between putative species (~5-30%) for the COI gene tended to be much higher than those for the nuclear genes (~1-15%), as expected. In cases where species are described, the lineages identified based on molecular divergence correspond to morphologically defined species. In some cases, species that are host generalists exhibit additional underlying genetic variation and such cases need to be explored by further future taxonomic revisions of the Philopterus Complex.
- MeSH
- Cell Nucleus MeSH
- Phylogeny * MeSH
- Genetic Markers MeSH
- Insect Proteins analysis MeSH
- Ischnocera classification genetics MeSH
- Mitochondrial Proteins analysis MeSH
- Electron Transport Complex IV analysis MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
A total of 266 wild passerine birds (Passeriformes) representing eight species and nine subspecies from three islands of the Archipelago of the Azores were examined for ectoparasites. Two species of louse-flies Ornithomya avicularia and Ornithoica turdi (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), three species of fleas Ceratophyllus gallinae, Ceratophyllus sp. and Dasypsyllus gallinulae (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), and 11 species of chewing lice belonging to the genera Menacanthus, Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), Ricinus (Phthiraptera: Ricinidae), Brueelia, Guimaraesiella, Philopterus, Sturnidoecus and Turdinirmus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) were recorded. At least one species of ectoparasite was found on 114 birds of six species. Guimaraesiella tovornikae and Myrsidea sylviae from Sylvia atricapilla are redescribed. Records of Ceratophyllus sp. and Sturnidoecus sp. from Turdus merula represent new parasite-host associations. Phoresy of Guimaraesiella amsel on Ornithoica turdi was also found. Parasitological parameters such as prevalence, intensity and abundance and geographic distribution of recorded ectoparasites are provided.
- MeSH
- Diptera physiology MeSH
- Insecta * physiology MeSH
- Ectoparasitic Infestations * parasitology MeSH
- Bird Diseases * epidemiology parasitology MeSH
- Passeriformes * parasitology MeSH
- Phthiraptera physiology MeSH
- Siphonaptera physiology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Azores MeSH
Mohammad Atiq-ur-Rahman Ansari (1911-1979) was an Indian phthirapterist who contributed to the knowledge of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from the Indian subcontinent with 41 papers published from 1944 to 1968. He described 195 new species and subspecies of chewing lice from birds and redescribed 182 previously known species of all groups of lice. Among the new species, 155 are still considered valid. We list all the species and subspecies described by Ansari under their original binomial or trinomial names, adding for each one: subsequent references by Ansari, current taxonomic status (i.e. taxa placed now in different genera, or with senior synonyms), type host, type locality, and deposition of type material when still extant. About 120 (62%) of Ansari's primary type specimens are deposited at museums in the United Kingdom and the U.S.A., with the remaining 75 primary types presumed lost. Four species are here considered species inquirenda, because the morphological data published by Ansari are not consistent with diagnostic characters of the genera in which he placed them, and their types could not be located to confirm their correct generic placement. They are Capraiella masumae Ansari, 1955; Craspedorrhynchus chicquera Ansari, 1955; Cuculicola jamilae Ansari, 1955 and Cuculoecus distinctus Ansari, 1955. We propose the name Philopterus ansarii nomen novum as a replacement for Philopterus kalkalichi Ansari, 1956e-preoccupied by Philopterus kalkalichi Ansari, 1955e-and designate a neotype for it. We also designate a neotype for Alcedoecus anularis Ansari, 1955e and Alcedoecus annulatus Tendeiro, 1965a, placing the latter name as an absolute junior synonym of the former.
Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) is an essential molecule triggering the adaptive immune response by the presentation of pathogens to helper T cells. The association between individual MHC II variants and various parasites has become a frequent finding in studies of vertebrate populations. However, although bird ectoparasites have a significant effect on their host's fitness, and the host's immune system can regulate ectoparasitic infections, no study has yet investigated the association between MHC II polymorphism and ectoparasite infection in the populations of free-living birds. Here, we test whether an association exists between the abundance of a chewing louse (Myrsidea nesomimi) and MHC II polymorphism of its hosts, the Galápagos mockingbirds (Mimus). We have found that the presence of two MHC II supertypes (functionally differentiated clusters) was significantly associated with louse abundance. This pattern supports the theory that a co-evolutionary interaction stands behind the maintenance of MHC polymorphism. Moreover, we have found a positive correlation between louse abundance and heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (an indicator of immunological stress) that serves as an additional piece of evidence that ectoparasite burden is affected by immunological state of Galápagos mockingbirds.
- MeSH
- Biological Evolution MeSH
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II genetics immunology MeSH
- Parasites classification isolation & purification MeSH
- Passeriformes immunology parasitology MeSH
- Phthiraptera classification immunology MeSH
- Polymorphism, Genetic genetics MeSH
- Lice Infestations immunology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
První české vydání 24 nečíslovaných stran : barevné ilustrace ; 24 cm
Na začátku školního roku se všichni po prázdninách šťastně shledáváme se svými kamarády. Ve škole jsou ale i nějací nevítaní hosté. Stálice vlasové pokrývky mladších žáků – obávané vši! Přesvědčte se, rodičové, o tom, že vši nejsou krvežízniví paraziti, ale že jsou ve škole z jediného prostého důvodu: Aby se něco naučily! Vším se stejně jako dětem bude hodit umět číst (kvůli etiketám na šamponech) a počítat (Víte, kolik má průměrná veš příbuzných? Nepočítaně!). Ty pokročilejší se na vyšších stupních dozvědí něco o anatomii vlasu. Rok uteče jako voda a jsou tu zase prázdniny. Nezoufejte, děti, vešky pojedou na tábor s vámi! Tato vtipná knížka o vších pro všechny je plná bláznivých celostránkových ilustrací a pobaví děti i dospělé.
- MeSH
- Anoplura MeSH
- Publication type
- Fictional Work MeSH
- Conspectus
- Francouzská próza, francouzsky psaná
- Literatura pro děti a mládež (beletrie)
- NML Fields
- humanitní vědy a umění
- NML Publication type
- literatura pro děti a mládež
