The aim of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effects of exercise training (ET) with omega-3/Calanus oil supplementation on cardiorespiratory and adiposity parameters in elderly women. Fifty-five women (BMI: 19-37 kg/m2, 62-80 years old) were recruited and randomly assigned to the 4 month intervention with ET and omega-3 supplementation (Calanus oil, ET-Calanus) or ET and the placebo (sunflower oil; ET-Placebo). The body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and cardiorespiratory parameters were measured using spiroergometry and PhysioFlow hemodynamic testing. Both interventions resulted in an increased lean mass whereas the fat mass was reduced in the leg and trunk as well as the android and gynoid regions. The content of trunk fat (in percent of the total fat) was lower and the content of the leg fat was higher in the ET-Calanus group compared with the ET-Placebo. Although both interventions resulted in similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), it was explained by an increased peripheral oxygen extraction (a-vO2diff) alone in the ET-Placebo group whereas increased values of both a-vO2diff and maximal cardiac output (COmax) were observed in the ET-Calanus group. Changes in COmax were associated with changes in systemic vascular resistance, circulating free fatty acids, and the omega-3 index. In conclusion, Calanus oil supplementation during a 4 month ET intervention in elderly women improved the cardiorespiratory function, which was due to combined central and peripheral cardiodynamic mechanisms.
- MeSH
- cévní rezistence MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- kardiorespirační zdatnost fyziologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- minutový srdeční výdej MeSH
- plankton chemie MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- složení těla MeSH
- stárnutí fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
CONTEXT: Metabolic disturbances and a pro-inflammatory state associated with aging and obesity may be mitigated by physical activity or nutrition interventions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess whether physical fitness/exercise training (ET) alleviates inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), particularly in combination with omega-3 supplementation, and whether changes in AT induced by ET can contribute to an improvement of insulin sensitivity and metabolic health in the elderly. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of physical fitness was determined in cross-sectional comparison of physically active/physically fit (trained) and sedentary/less physically fit (untrained) older women (71 ± 4 years, n = 48); and in double-blind randomized intervention by 4 months of ET with or without omega-3 (Calanus oil) supplementation (n = 55). Physical fitness was evaluated by spiroergometry (maximum graded exercise test) and senior fitness tests. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Samples of subcutaneous AT were used to analyze mRNA gene expression, cytokine secretion, and immune cell populations. RESULTS: Trained women had lower mRNA levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers, lower relative content of CD36+ macrophages, and higher relative content of γδT-cells in AT when compared with untrained women. Similar effects were recapitulated in response to a 4-month ET intervention. Content of CD36+ cells, γδT-cells, and mRNA expression of several inflammatory and oxidative stress markers correlated to insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS: In older women, physical fitness is associated with less inflammation in AT. This may contribute to beneficial metabolic outcomes achieved by ET. When combined with ET, omega-3 supplementation had no additional beneficial effects on AT inflammatory characteristics.
- MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence fyziologie MeSH
- kardiorespirační zdatnost fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí fyziologie MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost fyziologie MeSH
- terapie cvičením MeSH
- tuková tkáň imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- zánět metabolismus patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Agentury pro zdravotnický výzkum MZ ČR
Nestr.
Aging is associated with development of disturbances of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and with systemic pro-inflammatory state. The studies performed with elderly people suggests that these characteristics may be improved by physical activity and/or nutrition interventions. However, the knowledge of the mechanisms behind these positive changes in target organs (e.g. muscle, liver, or AT) is rather limited. EXODYA project should yield a novel and unique information on the exercise and Omega-3 induced alterations of the molecular characteristics of AT, i.e. adipogenic/lipogenic/lipolytic capacity of preadipocytes/adipocytes, and inflammatory profile of AT that have not been investigated to date. These variables will be analyzed in relation to the effects of exercise/omega-3 supplementation on physical performance, body composition and whole-body metabolic profile. Understanding the benefits of physical activity and diet quality in older age is central to considerations of future public health strategies to promote better physical function and health in later life.
Stárnutí je spojeno s rozvojem poruch metabolismu lipidů a sacharidů a rozvojem systémového prozánětlivého stavu. V jejich patogenezi hraje pravděpodobně významnou roli metabolická a imunitní dysfunkce tukové tkáně (TT). Mechanismy, které k tomuto rozvoji přispívají, však nejsou přesně známy. Projekt EXODYA by měl poskytnout nové unikátní znalosti o změnách v TT, týkajících se adipogeneze/ lipogenese/lipolýzy preadipocytů a adipocytů a zánětlivého profilu TT, v odpovědi na intervence do životního stylu seniorů. Tyto intervence budou sestávat ze 4 měsíčního kombinovaného aerobního plus dynamického silového tréninku a suplementace omega-3 nenasycenými mastnými kyselinami. Sledované molekulární a zánětlivé charakteristiky TT budou korelovány se změnami celkového metabolického stavu organismu, se změnami fyzického výkonu a složení těla. Výsledky ozřejmí roli TT v příznivých metabolických změnách navozených pohybovou aktivitou resp. nutriční suplementací a poskytnou podklad pro nová doporučení intervencí do životního stylu v populaci seniorů.
- MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolické nemoci metabolismus MeSH
- metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci imunitního systému metabolismus MeSH
- pohybová aktivita fyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- zdraví MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- geriatrie
- vnitřní lékařství
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare three different reconstruction algorithms for the volumetry of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) on ultra-low-dose computed tomography (CT) images. METHODS: Thirty-seven male patients underwent ultra-low-dose CT at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra (22.5 mm in z-axis). The acquisitions were reconstructed in 5-mm slices with 50% overlap using filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR), and iterative model-based reconstruction (IMR) techniques. The volume of VAT and SAT was measured using an interactive seed-growing segmentation and by thresholding (-30 to -190 HU). RESULTS: The volume of SAT measured by the interactive method was smaller in FBP compared with both HIR (P = 0.0011) and IMR (P = 0.0034), and the volume of VAT was greater in IMR compared with HIR (P = 0.0253) or FBP (P = 0.0065). Using the thresholding method, IMR volumes of VAT were greater compared with HIR (P < 0.0001), and volumes of SAT were greater compared with both HIR and FBP (both P ≤ 0.0001). The VAT to SAT ratio was greater in IMR compared with HIR or FBP (both P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences among FBP, HIR, and IMR in the volumetry of SAT and VAT, their ratios, and attenuation measured on ultra-low-dose images.
It has been shown that many molecules released by adipose tissue (AT) into interstitial fluid can reach the bloodstream preferentially via lymphatic system. Worsened lymphatic drainage may alter interstitial fluid (ISF) composition and thus affect microenvironment of adipocytes. Nevertheless, the effect of lymphatic drainage on AT functions remains unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the lipolytic activity of femoral AT in two groups of premenopausal women similar in adiposity but differing in the efficiency of lymphatic drainage of lower body as assessed by lymphoscintigraphy. Levels of lipolytic markers were assessed in plasma and ISF collected by skin blister technique in femoral area. In addition, microdialysis was used to monitor lipolysis of AT in vivo. Our results indicate that worsened lymphatic drainage is associated with lower in vivo lipolytic index and reduced lipolytic responsiveness of femoral AT to adrenergic stimuli. Thus, efficiency of lymphatic drainage appears to play a role in the regulation of AT metabolism. Accordingly, worsened lymphatic drainage could contribute to the resistance of lower body AT to intentional weigh loss.
- MeSH
- dolní končetina diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipolýza fyziologie MeSH
- lymfatické cévy patofyziologie MeSH
- lymfoscintigrafie MeSH
- mikrodialýza MeSH
- tuková tkáň patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Aim: Development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with disturbances in immune and metabolic status that may be reflected by an altered gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). To reveal a potential family predisposition to these alterations, we investigated the regulation of gene expression profiles in circulating CD14+ and CD14- PBMC in fasting conditions and in response to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in glucose tolerant first-degree relatives (FDR) of T2DM patients and in control subjects. Materials and Methods: This work is based on the clinical study LIMEX (NCT03155412). Non-obese 12 non-diabetic (FDR), and 12 control men without family history of diabetes matched for age and BMI underwent OGTT. Blood samples taken before and at the end of OGTT were used for isolation of circulating CD14+ and CD14- PBMC. In these cells, mRNA levels of 94 genes related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, immunity, and inflammation were assessed by qPCR. Results: Irrespectively of the group, the majority of analyzed genes had different mRNA expression in CD14+ PBMC compared to CD14- PBMC in the basal (fasting) condition. Seven genes (IRS1, TLR2, TNFα in CD14+ PBMC; ABCA1, ACOX1, ATGL, IL6 in CD14- PBMC) had different expression in control vs. FDR groups. OGTT regulated mRNA levels of nine genes selectively in CD14+ PBMC and of two genes (ABCA1, PFKL) selectively in CD14-PBMC. Differences in OGTT-induced response between FDR and controls were observed for EGR2, CCL2 in CD14+ PBMC and for ABCA1, ACOX1, DGAT2, MLCYD, and PTGS2 in CD14- PBMC. Conclusion: This study revealed a different impact of glucose challenge on gene expression in CD14+ when compared with CD14- PBMC fractions and suggested possible impact of family predisposition to T2DM on basal and OGTT-induced gene expression in these PBMC fractions. Future studies on these putative alterations of inflammation and lipid metabolism in fractionated PBMC in larger groups of subjects are warranted.
- MeSH
- antigeny CD14 metabolismus MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
- glukózový toleranční test MeSH
- krevní glukóza analýza MeSH
- leukocyty mononukleární metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- regulace genové exprese * MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- transkriptom * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
We investigated changes in functional fitness after an exercise program in combination with Calanus oil supplementation, a novel source of bioactive lipids rich in wax esters with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA). Fifty-five healthy sedentary women aged 65-80 (mean age 70.9 ± 3.9 years, BMI 27.24 ± 3.9 kg m-2, VO2peak 19.46 ± 3.7 ml kg-1 min-1) were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into two groups: exercise training plus Calanus Oil supplementation (n = 28) or exercise plus placebo (sunflower oil) supplementation (n = 27). The exercise intervention program was completed by 53 participants and contained functional circuit training (twice a week, 45 min plus 15 min of stretching and balance training) and Nordic walking (once a week, 60 min) for 16 weeks. Senior fitness test, exercise stress test on bicycle ergometer, hand-grip, and body composition were evaluated before and after the program. Our results show that functional fitness and body composition improved following the interventional exercise program, but for most of the parameters there was no synergic effect of supplementing n-3 PUFA-rich Calanus oil. In comparison to the placebo group, the group with Calanus supplementation experienced significantly higher improvement of functional strength of lower body which was evaluated by the chair stand test. Supplementation with Calanus may have a synergic effect with exercise on functional strength of the lower body in the elderly.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- Copepoda chemie MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené aplikace a dávkování izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kondiční příprava metody fyziologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- síla ruky MeSH
- svalová síla MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost * MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The adipose tissue (AT) is a secretory organ producing a wide variety of factors that participate in the genesis of metabolic disorders linked to excess fat mass. Weight loss improves obesity-related disorders. OBJECTIVES: Transcriptomic studies on human AT, and a combination of analyses of transcriptome and proteome profiling of conditioned media from adipocytes and stromal cells isolated from human AT, have led to the identification of apolipoprotein M (apoM) as a putative adipokine. We aimed to validate apoM as novel adipokine, investigate the relation of AT APOM expression with metabolic syndrome and insulin sensitivity, and study the regulation of its expression in AT and secretion during calorie restriction-induced weight loss. METHODS: We examined APOM mRNA level and secretion in AT from 485 individuals enrolled in 5 independent clinical trials, and in vitro in human multipotent adipose-derived stem cell adipocytes. APOM expression and secretion were measured during dieting. RESULTS: APOM was expressed in human subcutaneous and visceral AT, mainly by adipocytes. ApoM was released into circulation from AT, and plasma apoM concentrations correlate with AT APOM mRNA levels. In AT, APOM expression inversely correlated with adipocyte size, was lower in obese compared to lean individuals, and reduced in subjects with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Regardless of fat depot, there was a positive relation between AT APOM expression and systemic insulin sensitivity, independently of fat mass and plasma HDL cholesterol. In human multipotent adipose-derived stem cell adipocytes, APOM expression was enhanced by insulin-sensitizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists and inhibited by tumor necrosis factor α, a cytokine that causes insulin resistance. In obese individuals, calorie restriction increased AT APOM expression and secretion. CONCLUSIONS: ApoM is a novel adipokine, the expression of which is a hallmark of healthy AT and is upregulated by calorie restriction. AT apoM deserves further investigation as a potential biomarker of risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
- MeSH
- adipokiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- apolipoproteiny M genetika metabolismus MeSH
- kalorická restrikce MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- obezita dietoterapie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- tukové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In aging, the capacity of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) to store lipids decreases and this results in metabolically unfavorable fat redistribution. Triggers of this age-related SAT dysfunction may include cellular senescence or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Therefore, we compared lipogenic capacity of SAT between young and older women and investigated its relation to senescence and ER stress markers. Samples of SAT and corresponding SAT-derived primary preadipocytes were obtained from two groups of women differing in age (36 vs. 72 years, n = 15 each) but matched for fat mass. mRNA levels of selected genes (lipogenesis: ACACA, FASN, SCD1, DGAT2, ELOVL6; senescence: p16, p21, NOX4, GDF15; ER stress-ATF4, XBP1s, PERK, HSPA5, GADD34, HYOU1, CHOP, EDEM1, DNAJC3) were assessed by qPCR, protein levels of GDF15 by ELISA, and mitochondrial function by the Seahorse Analyzer. Compared to the young, SAT and in vitro differentiated adipocytes from older women exhibited reduced mRNA expression of lipogenic enzymes. Out of analyzed senescence and ER stress markers, the only gene, whose expression correlated negatively with the expression of lipogenic enzymes in both SAT and adipocytes, was GDF15, a marker of not only senescence but also mitochondrial dysfunction. In line with this, inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthase in adipocytes strongly upregulated GDF15 while reduced expression of lipogenic enzymes. Moreover, adipocytes from older women had a tendency for diminished mitochondrial capacity. Thus, a reduced lipogenic capacity of adipocytes in aged SAT appears to be linked to mitochondrial dysfunction rather than to ER stress or accumulation of senescent cells.
- MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipogeneze * MeSH
- mitochondrie metabolismus MeSH
- podkožní tuk metabolismus MeSH
- růstový diferenciační faktor 15 metabolismus MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí buněk MeSH
- stárnutí metabolismus MeSH
- stres endoplazmatického retikula MeSH
- tukové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
