Recent reviews have highlighted conflicting findings regarding the validity of finger flexor strength and endurance tests in sport climbers, often due to small sample sizes and low ecological validity of the tests used. To address these gaps, 185 male and 122 female climbers underwent maximal finger flexor strength, intermittent and continuous finger flexor endurance, and the finger hang tests in a sport-specific setting to determine the predictive and concurrent validity of these tests. The finger hang test showed the strongest relationship to climbing ability for both sexes (R ≈ 0.75). However, despite its widespread use as an endurance test, the finger hang was found to be primarily determined by finger strength, explaining 65% and 80% of the variance in males and females, respectively. Finger strength emerged as the dominant factor, explaining the majority of variance in climbing ability (males 68%; females 64%), followed by intermittent endurance (males 28%; females 34%). These findings emphasize finger strength as the primary predictor of climbing ability and highlight the importance of intermittent endurance testing for assessing climbing-specific endurance of the finger flexors. No significant differences were found between male and female climbers in finger flexor strength and endurance when normalized to body mass.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fyzická vytrvalost * fyziologie MeSH
- horolezectví * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- prsty ruky * fyziologie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- síla ruky fyziologie MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- zátěžový test metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- validační studie MeSH
Na ostatnom kongrese Európskej hypertenziologickej spoločnosti (European Society of Hypertension – ESH) v júni 2023 v Miláne sa prehodnotilo postavenie betablokátorov v liečbe artériovej hypertenzie. Tím prof. G. Manciu vo svetle nových poznatkov a klinických štúdií túto skupinu kardiovaskulárnych liekov opätovne zaradil v niektorých indikáciách do prvolíniovej liečby aj u pacientov s artériovou hypertenziou. V klinickej farmakoterapeutickej praxi sa pozornosť zamerala zvlášť na liečbu nebivololom, ako jedného z najdôležitejších predstaviteľov skupiny betablokátorov 3. generácie.
Recent Congress of the European Society of Hypertension in June 2023 in Milan newly evaluated the position of betablockers for the therapy of arterial hypertension. Prof. G. Mancia’s team recommended, reflecting the new results from the clinical studies, this group of cardiovascular drugs again for certain indications in the first line of therapy also for the patients with arterial hypertension. In the clinical pharmacotherapy the main interest tis focused to nebivolol, as the most important drug from the betablockers of the third generation.
- MeSH
- antihypertenziva farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- beta blokátory * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- beta-3-adrenergní receptory účinky léků MeSH
- farmakoterapie trendy MeSH
- hypertenze farmakoterapie MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nebivolol * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- vazodilatancia farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Walking or balancing on a slackline has gained increasing popularity as a recreational and school sport, and has been found to be suitable for developing neuromuscular control. The metabolic requirements for neuromuscular control on slackline, however, have not been well described. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the metabolic demands of slacklining in less and more advanced slackliners. Nineteen slackliners performed several 4 min balance tasks: parallel and one-leg stance on stable platform (2LS and 1LS), 1 leg stance on a slackline (1LSS), walking at a self-selected speed and at a given speed of 15 m min-1 on a slackline (WSS and WGS). Expired gas samples were collected for all participants and activities using a portable metabolic system. During1 LS and 1LSS, there were 140% and 341% increases in oxygen uptake (V̇O2) with respect to V̇O2 rest, respectively. During slackline walking, V̇O2 increased by 460% and 444% at self-selected and given speed, respectively. More advanced slackliners required mean metabolic demands 0.377 ± 0.065 and 0.289 ± 0.050 kJ·kg-1·min-1 (5.7 ± 0.95 and 3.9 ± 0.6 MET) for WGS and 1LSS, respectively, whilst less advanced slackliners, 0.471 ± 0.081 and 0.367 ± 0.086 kJ·kg-1·min-1 (6.4 ± 1.2 and 5.0 ± 1.1 MET) for WGS and 1LSS, respectively. Our data suggest that balancing tasks on slackline require V̇O2 corresponding to exercise intensities from light to moderate intensity. More advanced slackliners had a ∼25% reduced energy expenditure when compared with lower ability counterparts during simple balance tasks on the slackline.HighlightsBalancing on a slackline is metabolically demanding and slackline training is suitable not only to develop neuromuscular control but also to meet cardiovascular fitness demands.Improved postural control demonstrated by skilled slackliners reduces by ∼25% metabolic cost of balancing tasks on a slackline when compared to less skilled counterparts.Falls during slacklining increase the metabolic demands of the activity. Three falls per minute during walking on a slackline increase the oxygen uptake by ∼50%.
Celosvetová pandémia COVID-19 postihuje všetky sféry spoločenského života. Prináša množstvo doteraz nepoznaných problémov, vyžaduje zásadné zmeny v riadení spoločnosti, spôsobe informovania verejnosti. V zdravotníctve sú tiež nevyhnutné zmeny v prístupe ku klientele, podobne aj v diagnostike a liečbe pacientov, ktoré musia zohľadniť celé spektrum vyvíjajúcich sa poznatkov a umožniť ich aplikáciu v praxi.
World´s COVID-19 pandemy affects all spheres of life in the community. It brings many to this time unknown problems, it needs significant changes in community ruling, and mode of community information. Healthcare system needs changes as well, concerning the approach to clientele, as in diagnostics and therapy of the patients, affecting the whole spectrum of coming knowledges and placing them into the practice use.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * terapie MeSH
- diabetes mellitus * MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- primární zdravotní péče metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Epidémia infekcie SARS-CoV-2 priniesla zásadné zmeny do života vo všetkých populácií vo svete a tiež do liečby viacerých stavov v klinickej praxi. Táto zmena sa týka aj ochorenia diabetes mellitus. Metformín ako liek prvej voľby v tejto skupine pacientov zaznamenal v kontexte COVID-19 niektoré súvislosti uvedené v nasledujúcom článku, ktoré sú užitočné aj pre bežnú klinickú prax.
Epidemy of SARS-CoV-2 infection changed life of all populations in the world and as well as the therapy of diseases in daily clinical praxis. These changes affected also diabetes mellitus. Metformin as the first-line treatment in this group of patients was also influenced with COVID -19. This is the topic of this paper in context of daily clinical practice.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- diabetes mellitus farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metformin * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Metformín je perorálne podávaný bigvanid, látka znižujúca glykémiu, ktorá sa už desaťročia používa v liečbe u pacientov s diabetes mellitus 2. typu i pri prediabetu. Na rozdiel od iných bigvanidov nevedie ku laktátovej acidóze, preto sa používa v liečbe ako liek prvej línie. Má široké použitie ako v monoterapii, tak aj v kombinovanej liečbe s viacerými antidiabetikami. Ako každé liečivo má však aj svoje vedľajšie nežiaduce účinky, ktoré sú prítomné u približne 30–40 % pacientov pri liekových formách so štandardným uvoľňovaním z perorálnej formy. Ich výskyt je možné znížiť aj voľbou farmaceutických foriem lieku s pomalým uvoľňovaním. Môže to byť užitočné pri manažmente pacienta s diabetes mellitus 2. typu ošetrovaným v primárnej praxi.
Metformin is an oral bigvanide hypoglycemic agent, used during decades for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. In contrary to other bigvanides it does not lead to lactate acidosis, therefore used in first line treatment. It has broad range in mono-therapy, as well as in combined treatment with other antidiabetics. As in other used treatment modalities it has side effects present in 30–40 % of patients using standard immediate released formulas. Their incidence can be lowered with use of slow elease formulas. This can be helpfull in the primary care management of patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * farmakoterapie MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metformin * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
PURPOSE: Sport climbing requires high-intensity finger flexor contractions, along with a substantial whole-body systemic oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2) contribution. Although fatigue is often localised to the finger flexors, the role of systemic ̇[Formula: see text]O2 and local aerobic mechanisms in climbing performance remains unclear. As such, the primary purpose of this study was to determine systemic and local muscle oxygen responses during both isolated finger flexion and incremental exhaustive whole-body climbing tests. The secondary aim was to determine the relationship of isolated and whole-body climbing endurance tests to climbing ability. METHODS: Twenty-two male sport climbers completed a series of isometric sustained and intermittent forearm flexor contractions, and an exhaustive climbing test with progressive steepening of the wall angle on a motorised climbing ergometer. Systemic [Formula: see text]O2 and flexor digitorum profundus oxygen saturation (StO2) were recorded using portable metabolic analyser and near-infra red spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS: Muscle oxygenation breakpoint (MOB) was identifiable during an incremental exhaustive climbing test with progressive increases in angle (82 ± 8% and 88 ± 8% [Formula: see text]O2 and heart rate climbing peak). The peak angle from whole-body treadwall test and impulse from isolated hangboard endurance tests were interrelated (R2 = 0.58-0.64). Peak climbing angle together with mean [Formula: see text]O2 and StO2 from submaximal climbing explained 83% of variance in self-reported climbing ability. CONCLUSIONS: Both systemic and muscle oxygen kinetics determine climbing-specific endurance. Exhaustive climbing and isolated finger flexion endurance tests are interrelated and suitable to assess climbing-specific endurance. An exhaustive climbing test with progressive wall angle allows determination of the MOB.
- MeSH
- blízká infračervená spektroskopie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fyzická vytrvalost fyziologie MeSH
- horolezectví fyziologie MeSH
- kosterní svaly fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prsty ruky fyziologie MeSH
- síla ruky fyziologie MeSH
- spotřeba kyslíku fyziologie MeSH
- svalová kontrakce fyziologie MeSH
- svalová únava fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The purpose of the study was to compare the psychophysiological response of climbers of a range of abilities (lower grade to advanced) when ascending identical climbing routes on a climbing wall and a rotating treadwall. Twenty-two female climbers (31.2 ± 9.4 years; 60.5 ± 6.5 kg; 168.6 ± 5.7 cm) completed two identical 18 m climbing trials (graded 4 on the French Sport scale) separated by 1 week, one on the treadwall (climbing low to the ground) and the other on the indoor wall (climbing in height). Indirect calorimetry, venous blood samples and video-analysis were used to assess energy cost, hormonal response and time-load characteristics. Energy costs were higher during indoor wall climbing comparing to those on the treadwall by 16% (P < 0.001, [Formula: see text] = 0.48). No interaction of climbing ability and climbing condition were found. However, there was an interaction for climbing ability and post-climbing catecholamine concentration (P < 0.01, [Formula: see text] = 0.28). Advanced climbers' catecholamine response increased by 238% and 166% with respect to pre-climb values on the treadwall and indoor wall, respectively; while lower grade climbers pre-climb concentrations were elevated by 281% and 376% on the treadwall and indoor wall, respectively. The video analysis showed no differences in any time-motion variables between treadwall and indoor wall climbing. The study demonstrated a greater metabolic response for indoor wall climbing, however, the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- horolezectví fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychofyziologie normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- síla ruky fyziologie MeSH
- sportovní výkon fyziologie MeSH
- spotřeba kyslíku fyziologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Purpose: Sport climbing is a technical, self-paced sport, and the workload is highly variable and mainly localized to the forearm flexors. It has not proved effective to control intensity using measures typical of other sports, such as gas exchange thresholds, heart rate, or blood lactate. Therefore, the purposes of the study were to (1) determine the possibility of applying the mathematical model of critical power to the estimation of a critical angle (CA) as a measure of maximal metabolic steady state in climbing and (2) to compare this intensity with the muscle oxygenation breakpoint (MOB) determined during an exhaustive climbing task. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven sport climbers undertook three to five exhaustive ascents on a motorized treadwall at differing angles to estimate CA, and one exhaustive climbing test with a progressive increase in angle to determine MOB, assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Results: Model fit for estimated CA was very high (R2 = 0.99; SEE = 1.1°). The mean peak angle during incremental test was -17 ± 5°, and CA from exhaustive trials was found at -2.5 ± 3.8°. Nine climbers performing the ascent 2° under CA were able to sustain the task for 20 min with perceived exertion at 12.1 ± 1.9 (RPE). However, climbing 2° above CA led to task failure after 15.9 ± 3.0 min with RPE = 16.4 ± 1.9. When MOB was plotted against estimated CA, good agreement was stated (ICC = 0.80, SEM = 1.5°). Conclusion: Climbers, coaches, and researchers may use a predefined route with three to five different wall angles to estimate CA as an analog of critical power to determine a maximal metabolic steady state in climbing. Moreover, a climbing test with progressive increases in wall angle using MOB also appears to provide a valid estimate of CA.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Chronické srdcové zlyhávanie predstavuje už celé polstoročie jeden z najvážnejších problémov kardiológie a zdravotných systémov v súčasnom svete. Syndróm má nielen vysokú prevalenciu, ale má pre postihnutého pacienta veľmi nepriaznivú prognózu. V prípade ťažkého srdcového zlyhania jeden rok prežije iba polovica pacientov. Prevalencia srdcového zlyhávania napriek úspechom v liečbe stále narastá pre zlepšenú diagnostiku a pre starnutie populácií v mnohých krajinách vo svete. Očakáva sa, že prevalencia ochorenia vzrastie až na 3 % v nasledujúcom krátkom období 5 rokov.
Chronic heart failure represents nowadays one of the most severe problems in cardiology and in all world ́s health care systems. Syndrome has not only high prevalence, but has worse prognosis for the patient with the disease. In case of severe heart failure only half of the patients will be living more, than one year. Prevalence of the heart failure despite sucesses in the treatment is increasing for improved diagnosis and population aging in many countries in the world. It is expecting, that the prevalence of this disease will increase to 3 % in the next short period of five years.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- srdeční selhání * patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
