BACKGROUND: Cladribine, a selective immune reconstitution therapy, is approved for the treatment of adult patients with highly active multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVES: Provide experience with cladribine therapy in a real-world setting. METHODS: This is a registry-based retrospective observational cohort study. First, using data from the Czech nationwide registry ReMuS, we analysed patients who initiated cladribine from September 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021. Second, we analysed a subgroup of patients who initiated cladribine between September 1, 2018 to June 30, 2020, thus possessing a follow-up period of at least 2 years. We evaluated demographic and MS characteristics including disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) before and after cladribine administration, relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and adherence. RESULTS: In total, 617 patients (335 with follow-up of at least 2 years) started cladribine therapy in the study period (mean age 37.0, mean disease duration 8.4 years, 74.1% females). In most cases, cladribine was administered as a second-line drug, a total of 80.7% had been escalated from a platform DMT. During 2 years before cladribine initiation, the average annualised relapse rate (ARR) was .67. Following cladribine initiation, the ARR decreased to .28 in the first year and .22 in the second year. Overall, across the entire two-year treatment period, 69.0% of patients were relapse-free and the average ARR was .25. As for EDSS development, the median baseline EDSS was 2.5 and remained stable even after 24 months. The adherence to treatment ranged of around 90%. CONCLUSION: This nationwide study confirms the efficacy of cladribine in real-world settings, especially in patients who are not treatment-naïve. In addition, the study shows an exceptionally high adherence rate, a finding that underscores the invaluable role of cladribine, but also the value of registry-based studies in capturing real-world clinical practice.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: In relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) the most common treatment strategy has been to start with low-moderate efficacy disease modifying therapy (LE-DMT) and to escalate to more efficacious treatments in cases of breakthrough disease activity. However, recent evidence suggests a better outcome in patients commencing with moderate-high efficacy DMT (HE-DMT) immediately after clinical onset. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare disease activity and disability outcomes in patients treated with the two alternative strategies using the Swedish and Czech national multiple sclerosis registries, taking advantage of the fact that the relative frequency of each strategy differs markedly between these two countries. METHODS: Adult RRMS patients who initiated their first-ever DMT between 2013 and 2016 and were included in the Swedish MS register were compared with a similar cohort from the MS register of the Czech Republic using propensity score overlap weighting as a balancing method. The main outcomes of interest were time to confirmed disability worsening (CDW), time to achieve an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) value of 4, time to relapse, and time to confirmed disability improvement (CDI). To support the results, a sensitivity analysis focusing solely on patients from Sweden starting with HE-DMT and patients from the Czech Republic starting with LE-DMT was performed. RESULTS: In the Swedish cohort, 42% of patients received HE-DMT as initial therapy compared to 3.8% of patients in the Czech cohort. The time to CDW was not significantly different between the Swedish and Czech cohorts (p-value 0.2764), with hazard ratio (HR) of 0.89 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.77-1.03. Patients from the Swedish cohort exhibited better outcomes for all remaining variables. The risk of reaching EDSS 4 was reduced by 26% (HR 0.74, 95%CI 0.6-0.91, p-value 0.0327), the risk of relapse was reduced by 66% (HR 0.34, 95%CI 0.3-0.39, p-value <0.001), and the probability of CDI was three times higher (HR 3.04, 95%CI 2.37-3.9, p-value <0.001). CONCLUSION: The analysis of the Czech and the Swedish RRMS cohorts confirmed a better prognosis for patients in Sweden, where a significant proportion of patients received HE-DMT as initial treatment.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Švédsko MeSH
BACKGROUND: When the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared, concerns about its course in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) arose. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, severity and risk factors of the more severe COVID-19 course among MS and NMOSD patients. METHODS: From March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021, 12 MS centres, representing 70% of the Czech MS and NMOSD population, reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases via the Czech nationwide register of MS and NMOSD patients (ReMuS). The main outcome was COVID-19 severity assessed on an 8-point scale with a cut-off at 4 (radiologically confirmed pneumonia) according to the World Health Organisation´s (WHO) COVID-19 severity assessment. RESULTS: We identified 958 MS and 13 NMOSD patients, 50 MS and 4 NMOSD patients had pneumonia, 3 MS and 2 NMOSD patients died. The incidence of COVID-19 among patients with MS seems to be similar to the general Czech population. A multivariate logistic regression determined that higher body mass index (BMI [OR 1.07, 95% CI, 1.00-1.14]), older age (OR per 10 years 2.01, 95% CI, 1.41-2.91), high-dose glucocorticoid treatment during the 2 months before COVID-19 onset (OR 2.83, 95% CI, 0.10-7.48) and anti-CD20 therapy (OR 7.04, 95% CI, 3.10-15.87) were independent variables associated with pneumonia in MS patients. Increase odds of pneumonia in anti-CD20 treated MS patients compared to patients with other disease-modifying therapy (same age, sex, BMI, high-dose glucocorticoid treatment during the 2 months before COVID-19 onset, presence of pulmonary comorbidity) were confirmed by propensity score matching (OR 8.90, 95% CI, 3.04-33.24). Reports on COVID-19 infection in patients with NMOSD are scarce, however, data available up to now suggest a high risk of a more severe COVID-19 course as well as a higher mortality rate among NMOSD patients. In our cohort, 4 NMOSD patients (30.77%) had the more severe COVID-19 course and 2 patients (15.39%) died. CONCLUSION: The majority of MS patients had a mild COVID-19 course contrary to NMOSD patients, however, higher BMI and age, anti-CD20 therapy and high-dose glucocorticoid treatment during the 2 months before COVID-19 onset were associated with pneumonia. Based on this study, we have already started an early administration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and preferential vaccination in the risk group of patients.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica * komplikace epidemiologie MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * komplikace farmakoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cíl: Podělit se o první klinické zkušenosti s léčbou perorálním kladribinem formou analýzy dat z národního registru ReMuS®. Soubor a metodika: Předkládáme analýzu souboru všech pacientů, kteří zahájili léčbu perorálním kladribinem v období od 1. 9. 2018 do 31. 12. 2020, a detailnější analýzu podsouboru 222 pacientů, kteří užili plnou kumulativní dávku. Analýzy zahrnují relapsy, disabilitu, zaměstnanost a sociální dávky, v podsouboru pak také MR aktivitu. Data byla získána ze všech 15 center pro léčbu demyelinizačních onemocnění a vyhodnocena metodami deskriptivní statistiky. Výsledky: Celý soubor obsahuje 436 pacientů (75,5 % žen) věkového průměru 37,0 let a hmotnosti 71,9 kg. Průměrná doba trvání nemoci byla 8,4 roku, vstupní Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) skóre 2,8, roční výskyt relapsů 1,07 před zahájením léčby. U 90 % pacientů nedošlo po 20,8 (90. kvantil) měsíce k progresi disability, v prvním a druhém roce po zahájení léčby zůstaly bez relapsu přibližně tři čtvrtiny pacientů. U 85 % pacientů v definované podskupině nedošlo k významné MR aktivitě. Změna léčby na jiný lék modifikující průběh nemoci proběhla u 12 pacientů. Závěr: V souladu s registračními studiemi ukazují naše data vysoký podíl pacientů bez relapsů, bez progrese postižení a bez aktivity na MR, dále pak velmi nízký podíl pacientů se změnou léčby.
Aim: Our objective was to share our first clinical experience with oral cladribine gathered through the analysis of data of the national ReMuS® registry. Patients and methods: Our sample includes data of all patients who initiated oral cladribine treatment since September 1, 2018 till December 31, 2020. We also analyzed, in more detail, the subgroup of 222 patients who were assumed to complete the full cumulative dose. Our analyses included relapses, disability, employment status and financial social support, and also MRI activity in the subgroup. Data were obtained from all 15 centers for treatment of MS and analyzed in terms of descriptive statistics. Results: A total sample comprised of 436 patients, 75.5% of them females, mean age 37.0 years, and mean weight 71.9 kg. Mean duration since the disease onset was 8.4 years with a mean baseline EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) score of 2.8. Mean annualized relapse rate was 1.07 prior to treatment initiation. After treatment initiation, the confirmed disability progression was not reached in 90% of patients until 20.8 (90th quantile) months after follow up. Approximately three quarters of patients stayed relapse-free in year one and two. In the defined subgroup, 85% of patients had no significant MRI activity. A switch to another disease-modifying drug was performed in 12 patients. Conclusion: In accordance with the pivotal trials, our data demonstrate a high proportion of patients without relapses, disability progression and MRI activity, and a very low proportion of patients with a treatment change.
- Klíčová slova
- Ocrevus,
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- klinický obraz nemoci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methylprednisolon aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- neurologické manifestace MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Migréna je jedním z nejčastějších neurologických onemocnění s velkým dopadem na kvalitu života pacientů. Ke stávající profylaktické terapii patří betablokátory, blokátory kalciových kanálů, antiepileptika, antidepresiva. Všechny tyto léky jsou pro léčbu migrény nespecifické. Monoklonální protilátky proti calcitonin‑gene related peptide (CGRP) nebo proti jeho receptoru představují novou cílenou skupinu preventivních léků. Evropská a americká doporučení upravují užití monoklonálních protilátek v prevenci migrény.
Migraine is one of the most frequent disabling neurological disorder with a major impact on these patientsʼ quality of life. Current profylactic drugs for migraine treatment contain betablockers, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptic drugs, antidepressants. All these drugs are non‑specific for the migraine therapy. Monoclonal antibodies acting on the calcitonin gene‑related peptide (CGRP) or on its receptor are new drugs targeted for migraine. EHF (European Headache Federation) and AHS (American Headache Society) guidelines contain the usage of monoclonal antibodies for migraine prevention.
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Well-established drugs used for MS patients after the first demyelinating event in the Czech Republic include glatiramer acetate (GA), interferon beta-1a (IFNβ-1a), IFN beta-1b (IFNβ-1b), peginterferon beta-1a (peg-IFNβ-1a), and teriflunomide. Objective: The objective of this observational study was to compare the effectiveness of the abovementioned drugs in patients with MS who initiated their therapy after the first demyelinating event. Patients were followed for up to 2 years in real clinical practice in the Czech Republic. Methods: A total of 1,654 MS patients treated after the first demyelinating event and followed up for 2 years were enrolled. Evaluation parameters (endpoints) included the annualized relapse rate (ARR), time to next relapse, change in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, and time of confirmed disease progression (CDP). When patients ended the therapy before the observational period, the reason for ending the therapy among different treatments was compared. Results: No significant difference was found among the groups of patients treated with IFNβ-1a/1b, GA, or teriflunomide for the following parameters: time to the first relapse, change in the EDSS score, and the proportion of patients with CDP. Compared to IFNβ-1a (44 mcg), a significant increase in the percentage of relapse-free patients was found for GA, but this treatment effect was not confirmed by the validation analysis. Compared to the other drugs, there was a significant difference in the reasons for terminating GA therapy. Conclusion: Small differences were found among GA, IFNβ and teriflunomide therapies, with no significant impact on the final outcome after 2 years. Therefore, in clinical practice, we recommend choosing the drug based on individual potential risk from long-term therapy and on patient preferences and clinical characteristics.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Evidence-based medicine ; 5 Neurology ; 2020, září
34 stran : barevné ilustrace ; 27 cm
Sborník obsahuje kazuistiky roztroušené sklerózy a její léčby. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
- Klíčová slova
- okrelizumab,
- MeSH
- farmakoterapie MeSH
- léčivé přípravky MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- sborníky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- neurologie
Východiska: Řada klinických studií prokázala, že včasná léčba klinicky izolovaného syndromu (clinically isolated syndrome; CIS) může mít příznivý vliv na průběh a prognózu onemocnění. Soubor a metody: ATRACT byla observační neintervenční prospektivní nekomparativní nerandomizovaná jednoramenná otevřená multicentrická studie fáze IV, jejímž primárním cílem bylo zhodnotit vztah mezi charakteristikou CIS a odpovědí na léčbu interferonem (IFN) β-1a podávaným v dávce 44 μg subkutánně 3× týdně. Do studie bylo zařazeno 250 osob ve věku 18– 65 let s diagnostikovaným CIS, které byly léčeny IFN β-1a. Doba sledování činila 24 měsíců. Stav pacientů byl hodnocen při vstupu do studie a při kontrolách v 6., 12., 18. a 24. měsíci od vstupu do studie pomocí Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Aktivita onemocnění byla hodnocena počtem relapsů za rok (relapse rate). Výsledky: Podíl klinicky stabilních osob dosahoval v průběhu prvního roku 75,11 % a po 2 letech 59,11 %. U 85,45 % osob nedošlo v průběhu 2 let k 3 měsíce trvající progresi skóre EDSS, podíl osob bez relapsu činil 62,67 %. Při hodnocení klinické aktivity onemocnění nebyl zjištěn významný rozdíl mezi podskupinami s mono- a polysymptomatickým CIS. Závěr: Podávání IFN β-1a vedlo v průběhu 2 let u většiny osob s CIS ke stabilizaci onemocnění, která nebyla ovlivněna povahou CIS ani nálezem při vstupním vyšetření MR.
Background: Several clinical studies have shown that early treatment of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), can improve the course and prognosis of the disease. Patients and methods: ATRACT was an observational, non-interventional, prospective, non-comparative, non-randomized, single-arm, open-label, multicentre phase IV study, which primary aim was to investigate a relationship between clinical features of CIS and therapeutic response to 44 μg of subcutaneous interferon (IFN) β-1a administered three times a week. A total number of 250 subjects aged 18 - 65 years, diagnosed with CIS and treated with IFN β-1a, were enrolled in the study. Patients were followed up for 24 months from baseline and during visits scheduled 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the baseline visit. Data on the disability level (evaluated by Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]), and number and time of relapses were collected. Results: The proportion of clinically stable subjects was 75.11% within the fi rst year after the treatment initiation, and 59.11% at the end of the follow-up period. Throughout the 2 years, majority of subjects (85.45%) did not experience 3-month confirmed EDSS progression, and the proportion of relapse-free subjects was 62.67%. There was no significant difference in clinical activity between subgroups with mono- and polysymptomatic CIS. Conclusion: IFN β-1a treatment led to a stabilization of clinical activity in most subjects with CIS within 2 years. The clinical stabilization had not been affected by the clinical nature of CIS and the initial MRI finding.
- Klíčová slova
- studie ATRACT,
- MeSH
- demyelinizační nemoci farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- interferon beta 1a * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze IV jako téma MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Cíl: Ukázat celé spektrum nálezů na MR u pa cientů z ČR s progresivní multifokální leukoencefalopatií (PML) asociovanou s podáváním natalizumabu u RS. Soubor a metodika: První případ byl popsán v roce 2009, poslední případ v prosinci 2018, celkem bylo diagnostikováno 14 případů PML u pa cientů s RS. Práce hodnotí MR nález, který vykazoval známky přítomnosti PML a bylo vysloveno podezření na toto onemocnění následně konfirmované pomocí detekce DNA viru Johna Cunninghama (JCV) z mozkomíšního moku pomocí polymerázové řetězové reakce. Všichni pacienti splnili kritéria Americké akademie neurologie z roku 2013 pro diagnózu tohoto onemocnění. MR protokol se lišil, pacienti byli vyšetřeni na různých MR pracovištích z celé ČR, dále i protokol odpovídal době, kdy k vyšetření došlo. Výsledky: Celkem 13 pa cientů (92,9 %) mělo pozitivní nález na MR. Nejčastěji se jednalo o typické postižení bílé hmoty v subkortikální oblasti frontálního laloku (42,9 %), následované parietálním (28,6 %) a temporálním lalokem (28,6 %). Rozsah postižení byl také značně variabilní od drobného diskrétního ložiska až po rozsáhlé difuzní postižení postihující více laloků. U dvou pacientů byla zachycena ložiska v oblasti mozečku a pontu (14,3 %), jeden pacient ze souboru měl postižení v oblasti mezencefalon a další v oblongátě. Ve dvou případech se vyskytovala ložiska v talamech, v jednom případu v putamen. V některých případech byl nález na MR velmi podobný nálezu u RS a na možné PML ukázala především progrese nálezu MR oproti předchozím kontrolám MR, kdy byl nález stacionární. Jeden pacient se zcela vymykal skupině s pozitivním MR nálezem. PML u něho byla diagnostikována z kontrolní lumbální punkce při změně terapie a MR nález v této době byl negativní. Pozitivní nález se objevil až po 6 měsících a jednalo se o podtyp infekce JCV – granulocytární neuronopatie s postižením mozečku. Závěr: Na českém souboru pacientů s PML byla potvrzena velká variabilita v MR nálezech, jež poukázala na důležitost pečlivé monitorace pomocí MR pro zachycení onemocnění optimálně v subklinické fázi.
Aim: To show the full spectrum of MRI findings in all patients ever diagnosed with progres sive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which is as sociated with natalizumab therapy in patients with MS in the Czech Republic. Patients and methods: The first case was described in 2009, the last case in December 2018, with a total of 14 diagnosed cases of PML in MS patients. This paper evaluates the MRI findings that showed the presence of PML; the diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by detection of the John Cun ningham virus (JCV) DNA from cerebrospinal fluid using polymerase chain reaction. All patients met the American Academy of Neurology criteria from 2013 for diagnosis of this dis ease. The MRI protocol used was variable, both because patients were examined at different MRI sites across the Czech Republic, and because of evolution of protocols over time. In all patients, the protocol contained fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), which is the most sensitive sequence for early PML detection. Results: 13 patients (92.9%) had a positive MRI finding. The most frequent fi nd ing was typical white matter involvement in the subcortical area of the frontal lobe (42.9%), fol lowed by the parietal (28.6%) and temporal lobes (28.6%). The extent of the pathology was also very variable, from very small discrete lesions to extensive diffuse lesions affect ing multiple lobes. Two patients were found to have cerebel lar and pons foci (14.3%), one patient in the mesencephalon and another in the medula oblongata. There were thalamic lesions in two cases, and one case of putamen lesions. In some cases, MRI presentation of PML was very similar to the MRI presentation of MS and suspicion of PML was considered because there was new progression of MRI. One patient was completely atypical compared to the rest of the group. PML was diagnosed from a routine lumbar puncture done when therapy was changed, and the MRI finding at that time was negative. Positive findings appeared only 6 months after the PML dia gnosis. This case involved the JCV-granulocytic neuronopathy with cerebel lum affection subtype. Conclusion: The Czech cohort of PML patients confirms the great variability in MRI f ndings and points out the importance of careful MRI monitoring to detect the disease in the subclinical phase.
- Klíčová slova
- asymptomatický nález,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- progresivní multifokální leukoencefalopatie * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH