AIM: Comparison of DNA ploidy status of different tumour tissue samples (fresh/frozen vs. paraffin-embedded; curettage vs. hysterectomy samples) obtained during diagnosis and treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: DNA ploidy status and conventional prognostic parameters were recorded for 74 patients with endometrial carcinoma prospectively. RESULTS: In 59 (79.7%) patients the DNA status was described as diploid in all analyzed tissue samples. The remaining 15 (20.3%) cases were described as DNA aneuploid in at least one of the corresponding tissue samples. The concordance between DNA ploidy status in fresh vs. paraffin-embedded hysterectomy samples as well as curettage vs. hysterectomy paraffin-embedded samples was high (kappa coefficient κ=0.6348, 95% confidence interval CI=0.3673-0.9023, and p=0.6408, 95% CI=0.3977-0.8838), however, the methods are not interchangeable. CONCLUSION: The DNA ploidy discordance observed in our study group seems to document intratumoral heterogeneity that should be expected when applying DNA ploidy status in the clinical management of endometrial carcinoma.

• MeSH
• aneuploidie MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• diploidie MeSH
• DNA genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• endometrium patologie   MeSH
• hysterektomie MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
• karcinom genetika   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory endometria genetika   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• odběr biologického vzorku MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinický obraz nemoci MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozková smrt MeSH
• obrovskobuněčná arteritida diagnóza   farmakoterapie   mortalita   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie využití   MeSH
• poruchy zraku diagnóza   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• syndromy bolesti hlavy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

We studied the changes in serum fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) concentrations, its mRNA, and protein expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of 15 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood samples were obtained: prior to initiation of anesthesia, prior to the start of extracorporeal circulation, upon completion of the surgery, and 6, 24, 48, and 96 hours after the end of the surgery. Tissue sampling was performed at the start and end of surgery. The mean baseline serum FGF-21 concentration was 63.1 (43.03-113.95) pg/ml and it increased during surgery with peak 6 hours after its end [385.5 (274.55- 761.65) pg/ml, p<0.001], and returned to baseline value [41.4 (29.15-142.83) pg/ml] 96 hours after the end of the surgery. Serum glucose, insulin, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-alpha concentrations significantly increased during the surgery. Baseline FGF-21 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle was higher than in both adipose tissue depots and it was not affected by the surgery. Epicardial fat FGF-21 mRNA increased after surgery. Muscle FGF-21 mRNA positively correlated with blood glucose levels at the end of the surgery. Our data suggest a possible role of FGF-21 in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in surgery-related stress.

• MeSH
• fibroblastové růstové faktory genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• koronární bypass škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• perikard metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• syndrom systémové zánětlivé reakce etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dermatoskopie trendy   MeSH
• keratóza diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Učební text je určený pro posluchače lékařských fakult Univerzity Karlovy. Soubor testových otázek shrnuje základní poznatky, které by měl student z obecné patologie získat. Otázky jsou rozdělené do větších celků (Základy histopatologie, Smrt, nekróza, apoptóza, Atrofie, Distrofické změny, Pigmentace, Zánět, Poruchy oběhu krve a lymfy, Progresivní změny, Etiologická patologie, Obecná onkologie). Otázky jsou dvojího typu - s jednou správnou odpovědí a s více správnými odpověďmi - řešení otázek je v klíči připojeném na konci textu.

• MeSH
• patologie MeSH
• studium lékařství MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• patologie
• pedagogika
• NLK Publikační typ
• testy
• učebnice vysokých škol

Článek se zabývá vztahem inzulinu na rozvoj a progresi nádorových onemocnění a jeho molekulárně-biologickou podstatou se zaměřením na systém IGF. Současně článek zmiňuje horké téma vztahu inzulinu glargin k nádorovým onemocněním.

The article deals with the relation of insulin to development and progression of cancer and its molecular-biology basis with emphasis on IGF system. Concurrently the article mentions the present hot topic of the relation of insulin glargine to cancer.

• Klíčová slova
• glargin,
• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• hyperinzulinismus patofyziologie   MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulin analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory etiologie   chemicky indukované   MeSH
• plošný screening metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• proteiny vázající IGF metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Serum levels of adiponectin were measured in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer of pT2 and pT3 stage. Adiponectin ELISA assay, immunohistochemistry, and selected metabolic and biochemical parameters measurement was performed in 25 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 43 with prostate cancer (17 patients with organ-confined and 26 patients with locally advanced disease). Serum adiponectin levels did not differ between prostate benign hyperplasia and cancer clinical stage T2, but was significantly higher in pT3 relative to pT2 group (14.51+/-4.92 vs. 21.41+/-8.12, P = 0.003). Tissue immunohistochemistry showed enhanced staining in neoplastic prostate glands and intraepithelial neoplasia relative to benign prostatic hyperplasia without distinction between disease grade and stage. Serum adiponectin levels are higher in locally advanced relative to organ-confined prostate cancer and may thus serve as an auxiliary marker providing further improvement for discrimination between pT2 and pT3 stages.

• MeSH
• adiponektin krev   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hyperplazie prostaty chirurgie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery krev   MeSH
• nádory prostaty chirurgie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• prostatektomie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH

Resistin is a member of adipokine family involved in the regulation of inflammatory reactions and insulin sensitivity. In presented study its possible role in the development of benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer was evaluated. Blood samples and prostate specimens were collected from 26 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and from 42 patients with prostate cancer (PCa) stage pT2 (n=18) and pT3 (n=24). Selected metabolic and biochemical parameters and serum resistin levels were measured and anthropometric measurements were performed as well as tissue immunohistochemistry for resistin. Serum resistin levels did not differ significantly between benign hyperplasia and prostate cancer but in cancer patients there was a trend towards decrease with higher cancer stage. Moreover, serum resistin levels were significantly lower in patients with seminal vesicle invasion in comparison to those without invasion. While in BPH serum resistin levels correlated with insulin resistance, inflammatory status and cortisol, in PCa positive correlation with F/T PSA ratio and cortisol was observed. Tissue immunohistochemistry did not show any differences in staining pattern between benign and neoplastic prostate tissue. We conclude that serum resistin levels do not significantly differ between patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer, but there is a trend towards decrease in resistin serum levels in advanced cancer cases.

• MeSH
• alopecie MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hyperplazie prostaty krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prostaty krev   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• resistin krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH

BACKGROUND: In the past few years, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) became a widely used bariatric method. Based on results of recent LSG studies, LSG is being increasingly used even as a single bariatric method. On contrary with some other reports, we do not reinforce the LSG staple line with over-sewing. Our pilot study presents treatment outcomes and results 18 months after LSG. METHODS: Sixty-one consecutive morbidly obese (MO) patients (19 male and 42 female) who underwent LSG from January 2006 to May 2008 were included into the study. The mean age, height, and weight were 37.3 years (29-57), 168 cm (151-187), and 118 kg (97-181), respectively, while mean body mass index (BMI) was 41.8 (36.1-60.4). LSG started at 6 cm from pylorus and ended at the angle of Hiss. For gastric sleeve calibration 38F, intragastric tube was used. All 61 LSG were performed without over-sewing of the staple line. In the last 24 cases, the staple line was covered with Surgiceltrade mark strips, which were however placed without any fixation to the underlying gastric tissue. RESULTS: Mean operating time was 105 min (80-170) and no conversion to open surgery. An 18-month follow-up was recorded in 39 MO patients. The mean weight loss was 31.3 (range, 21-67 kg) and mean % excess BMI loss reached 72% (range, 64-97%). Neither leak nor disruptions of the staple line and/or sleeve dilatation were recorded. CONCLUSION: LSG is an effective and safe bariatric procedure with low incidence of complications and mortality in our experience.

• MeSH
• chirurgická technika pomocí přístrojů a svorek metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gastrektomie MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• laparoskopie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• morbidní obezita chirurgie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of chronic malnutrition in patients with anorexia nervosa on endocrine function of adipose tissue on both circulating and subcutaneous fat mRNA expression level. PATIENTS AND DESIGN: A total of 12 patients with anorexia nervosa and 18 normal weight age-matched women underwent anthropometric examination, single blood drawing and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy. MEASUREMENTS: Serum concentrations of high-sensitive CRP (hsCRP), leptin, soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin-6 and insulin were measured by Luminex, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits. Subcutaneous adipose tissue mRNA expression of the same adipokines, adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 and immunocompetent cells marker CD68 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Decreased body fat content of patients with anorexia nervosa was accompanied by reduced hsCRP, leptin and increased adiponectin and soluble leptin receptor. Resistin, interleukin-6 and insulin levels did not differ from those of the control group. Fat mRNA adiponectin, leptin, interleukin-6 and CD68 expression was reduced, resistin mRNA expression was increased and adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 expression were unchanged as compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Local perturbations in resistin, adiponectin and interleukin-6 mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue are not reflected by its circulating levels. These changes could be involved in some local metabolic disturbances in subcutaneous adipose tissue of anorexia nervosa patients.

• MeSH
• adiponektin genetika   krev   MeSH
• antigeny diferenciační myelomonocytární genetika   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein analýza   MeSH
• CD antigeny genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace MeSH
• interleukin-6 genetika   MeSH
• inzulin krev   MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• leptinové receptory krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mentální anorexie imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• messenger RNA analýza   MeSH
• neparametrická statistika MeSH
• parakrinní signalizace MeSH
• podkožní tuk chemie   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• podvýživa imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• resistin genetika   krev   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH