Myokines represent important regulators of muscle metabolism. Our study aimed to explore the effects of a cyclical ketogenic reduction diet (CKD) vs. a nutritionally balanced reduction diet (RD) combined with regular resistance/aerobic training in healthy young males on serum concentrations of myokines and their potential role in changes in physical fitness. Twenty-five subjects undergoing regular resistance/aerobic training were randomized to the CKD (n = 13) or RD (n = 12) groups. Anthropometric and spiroergometric parameters, muscle strength, biochemical parameters, and serum concentrations of myokines and cytokines were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. Both diets reduced body weight, body fat, and BMI. Muscle strength and endurance performance were improved only by RD. Increased musclin (32.9 pg/mL vs. 74.5 pg/mL, p = 0.028) and decreased osteonectin levels (562 pg/mL vs. 511 pg/mL, p = 0.023) were observed in RD but not in the CKD group. In contrast, decreased levels of FGF21 (181 pg/mL vs. 86.4 pg/mL, p = 0.003) were found in the CKD group only. Other tested myokines and cytokines were not significantly affected by the intervention. Our data suggest that changes in systemic osteonectin and musclin levels could contribute to improved muscle strength and endurance performance and partially explain the differential effects of CKD and RD on physical fitness.
- MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- ketogenní dieta * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odporový trénink * MeSH
- osteonektin MeSH
- redukční dieta MeSH
- složení těla fyziologie MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are involved in regulating growth and metabolism and increase insulin sensitivity, improve glucose metabolism, and are potentially related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its complications for mothers and fetuses. DESIGN: This study aimed to assess serum levels and cord blood levels of IGF system components in pregnant women with (39 participants) and without GDM (22 participants). Blood samples were obtained at 28-32 and 36-38 weeks of gestation and 6-12 months after delivery. Cord blood samples were obtained during delivery. Results between both groups as well as between single visits were statistically compared. RESULTS: Both IGF1 and IGF2 maternal serum levels did not differ between the GDM and non-GDM groups. However, levels of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) were different. IGFBP4 levels were decreased during pregnancy and after delivery in women with GDM, while IGFBP7 levels were increased during pregnancy in women with GDM. Cord blood IGFBP3 and IGFBP7 levels were increased (p < 0.001 for IGFBP3, p = 0.003 for IGFBP7), while IGFBP4 levels were decreased (p < 0.001) in the GDM group compared with the non-GDM group. CONCLUSIONS: Although IGF levels did not differ, changes in their function level could still persist possibly because of the effects of the binding proteins, especially their promoting or inhibitory effects on IGFs. These results should be considered in interpretation of IGF levels.
- MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- fetální krev metabolismus MeSH
- gestační diabetes * metabolismus MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proteiny vázající insulinu podobné růstové faktory metabolismus MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
(1) Background: C1q TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. In our study, we explored changes in serum CTRP3 and its gene expression in epicardial (EAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing elective cardiac surgery. (2) Methods: SAT, EAT, and blood samples were collected at the start and end of surgery from 34 patients: (i) 11 without CAD or T2DM, (ii) 14 with CAD and without T2DM, and (iii) 9 with both CAD and T2DM. mRNA levels of CTRP3 were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Circulating levels of CTRP3 and other factors were measured using ELISA and Luminex Multiplex commercial kits. (3) Results: Baseline plasma levels of TNF-α and IL6 did not differ among the groups and increased at the end of surgery. Baseline circulating levels of CTRP3 did not differ among the groups and decreased after surgery. In contrast, baseline CTRP3 mRNA levels in EAT were significantly decreased in CAD/T2DM group, while no differences were found for TNF-α and IL6 gene expression. (4) Conclusions: Our data suggest that decreased EAT mRNA levels of CTRP3 could contribute to higher risk of atherosclerosis in patients with CAD and T2DM.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * komplikace genetika chirurgie MeSH
- interleukin-6 metabolismus MeSH
- kardiochirurgické výkony * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci koronárních tepen * komplikace genetika chirurgie MeSH
- perikard metabolismus MeSH
- TNF-alfa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a therapeutic target to combat obesity and related disorders. Pheochromocytoma and functional paraganglioma (PPGL) are associated with activated BAT due to catecholamine excess. Our aim was to evaluate BAT activity by gene profile and assess its relation to clinical characteristics and overproduced catecholamine. METHODS: mRNA expression of 15 genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was measured via RT-PCR in 25 patients with PPGL and 14 controls undergoing cholecystectomy. RESULTS: We found in VAT of PPGL higher expression of UCP1 (p < 0.001), CEBPB, PPARGC1A (both p < 0.001), PRDM16 (p = 0.069) and DIO2 (p = 0.005). UCP1 expression correlated only with norepinephrine levels and its metabolite. UCP1 expression, among others, correlated negatively with BMI, age and positively with HDLc levels. Dominance of BAT or BeAT markers was not assessed in PPGL. In SAT of PPGL, we found higher expression of ADRB3, CIDEA (both p < 0.05), and PPARGC1A (p = 0.001), but not UCP1. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate signs of UCP1-dependent norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis connected with higher expression of DIO2, PPARGC1A, CEBPB and PRDM16 in retroperitoneal VAT of PPGL and its relations to circulating HDLc and triglycerides levels. However, no direct relationship with increased basal energy metabolism measured by calorimetry was found.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
The aim of our study was to analyze mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) gene expression profiles in subcutaneous (SAT) and epicardial (EAT) adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and myocardium in patients with and without CAD undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Thirty-eight patients, 27 with (CAD group) and 11 without CAD (noCAD group), undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valvular surgery were included in the study. EAT, SAT, intercostal skeletal muscle, and right atrium tissue and blood samples were collected at the start and end of surgery; mRNA expression of selected mitochondrial and ER stress genes was assessed using qRT-PCR. The presence of CAD was associated with decreased mRNA expression of most of the investigated mitochondrial respiratory chain genes in EAT, while no such changes were seen in SAT or other tissues. In contrast, the expression of ER stress genes did not differ between the CAD and noCAD groups in almost any tissue. Cardiac surgery further augmented mitochondrial dysfunction in EAT. In our study, CAD was associated with decreased expression of mitochondrial, but not endoplasmic reticulum stress genes in EAT. These changes may contribute to the acceleration of coronary atherosclerosis.
- MeSH
- endoplazmatické retikulum genetika metabolismus MeSH
- exprese genu genetika MeSH
- kosterní svaly metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika MeSH
- mitochondrie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- myokard metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci koronárních tepen genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- perikard metabolismus MeSH
- podkožní tuk metabolismus MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese metody MeSH
- stres endoplazmatického retikula genetika fyziologie MeSH
- transkriptom genetika MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
CONTEXT: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is accompanied by subclinical inflammation; however, little is known about local inflammation in adipose tissue and placenta. OBJECTIVE: To analyze systemic and local subclinical inflammation and adipose tissue lymphocyte content and phenotype in pregnant women with and without GDM. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTINGS: Academic hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-one pregnant women with GDM (GDM group), 16 pregnant women without GDM (non-GDM group) and 15 nonpregnant control women (N group). INTERVENTIONS: Serum samples taken at 28 to 32 (visit 1 [V1]) and 36 to 38 (V2) gestational weeks and 6 to 12 months after delivery (V3) in the GDM and non-GDM group and before elective gynecological surgery in the N group. Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) obtained during cesarean delivery or surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum levels and adipose tissue expression of proinflammatory cytokines, adipose tissue lymphocyte content and phenotype (for a subset of GDM and non-GDM subjects). RESULTS: Accented proinflammatory state in GDM was documented by increased circulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. In both groups of pregnant females total lymphocytes were higher in VAT compared to SAT. In GDM subjects B cells and NKT cells were higher in SAT compared to VAT and T helper cells were increased relative to SAT of non-GDM group, while no intercompartmental adipose tissue differences were seen in non-GDM women. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant females had higher total lymphocyte count in VAT relative to SAT regardless of GDM. In addition to increased systemic subclinical inflammation, GDM was associated with significant differences in lymphocyte composition between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots.
- MeSH
- cytokiny krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gestační diabetes krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfocyty metabolismus MeSH
- počet lymfocytů MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- zánět krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
(1) Background: The influence of ketogenic diet on physical fitness remains controversial. We performed a randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of cyclical ketogenic reduction diet (CKD) vs. nutritionally balanced reduction diet (RD) on body composition, muscle strength, and endurance performance. (2) Methods: 25 healthy young males undergoing regular resistance training combined with aerobic training were randomized to CKD (n = 13) or RD (n = 12). Body composition, muscle strength and spiroergometric parameters were measured at baseline and after eight weeks of intervention. (3) Results: Both CKD and RD decreased body weight, body fat, and BMI. Lean body mass and body water decreased in CKD and did not significantly change in RD group. Muscle strength parameters were not affected in CKD while in RD group lat pull-down and leg press values increased. Similarly, endurance performance was not changed in CKD group while in RD group peak workload and peak oxygen uptake increased. (4) Conclusions: Our data show that in healthy young males undergoing resistance and aerobic training comparable weight reduction were achieved by CKD and RD. In RD group; improved muscle strength and endurance performance was noted relative to neutral effect of CKD that also slightly reduced lean body mass.
- MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fyzická vytrvalost fyziologie MeSH
- ketogenní dieta metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- odporový trénink MeSH
- redukční dieta metody MeSH
- složení těla fyziologie MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
CONTEXT: Impaired glucose homeostasis is a common finding in pheochromocytoma (PHEO), especially with adrenergic phenotype. The possible contribution of incretin dysfunction to dysglycemia in PHEO patients has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To compare changes in pancreatic endocrine function and gut hormones' production during a liquid meal test before and 1 year after adrenalectomy. METHODS: In a prospective study, we included 18 patients with PHEO (13 females) with adrenergic biochemical phenotype. A liquid meal test with predefined isocaloric enteral nutrition was performed to evaluate dynamic changes in pancreatic hormones and incretins. RESULTS: During the meal test, insulin levels were significantly lower before adrenalectomy only in the early phase of insulin secretion, but changes in area under the curve (AUC) did not reach statistical significance (AUC = 0.07). Plasma glucagon (AUC < 0.01) and pancreatic polypeptide levels (AUC < 0.01) were suppressed in comparison with the postoperative state. Impaired response to the meal was found preoperatively for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1; AUC P < 0.05), but not glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypepide (GIP; AUC P = 0.21). No significant changes in insulin resistance indices were found, except for the homeostatic model assessment-beta index, an indicator of the function of islet β cells, which negatively correlated with plasma metanephrine (R = -0.66, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows suppression of pancreatic α and β cell function and impaired GLP-1 secretion during a dynamic meal test in patients with PHEO, which is improved after its surgical treatment. These data demonstrate a novel and potentially significant interconnection between excessive catecholamine production and the secretion of glucoregulatory hormones.
- MeSH
- adrenergní látky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- feochromocytom komplikace MeSH
- gastrointestinální hormony metabolismus MeSH
- glukagonu podobný peptid 1 metabolismus MeSH
- inkretiny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- jídla MeSH
- krevní glukóza analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory nadledvin komplikace MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- pankreatické hormony metabolismus MeSH
- porucha glukózové tolerance etiologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
