• MeSH
• fyziologie metody   MeSH
• klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• fyziologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• učebnice vysokých škol

BACKGROUND: Intensive selfmonitoring is an important and cost-demanding part of diabetes treatment. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) using transcutaneous sensors offers "real time" information on glycemia. In the present study, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of CGM on metabolic control using two different statistical methods: linear regression and "survival analysis". OBJECTIVES: (1) to assess the therapeutic efficacy of CGM on metabolic control using two different statistical methods: linear regression and survival analysis; (2) to demonstrate the particular advantages of each statistical method. METHODS: A total of 42 persons with diabetes mellitus treated by means of an insulin pump participated in this study. According to the means of selfmonitoring persons with diabetes were divided into two groups: 1. intervention group of 17 persons using CGM, 2. control group of 25 persons using a glucometer. Each person was followed for a period of three months. At the beginning of the study and at the end of each month HbA1c was determined. RESULTS: Both the regression analysis and survival analysis brought evidence of significant changes of the HbA1c in either of the groups. The method of linear regression enables to analyse the evolution of HbA1c in each individual person followed by comparison of the groups. The survival analysis demonstrated that the probability of HbA1c decrease to the predefined level as well as its further maintaining at this level was higher in the CGM group. The mean time interval necessary to HbA1c decrease was shorter in the CGM group. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of CGM was demonstrated. In addition to linear regression, survival analysis appears to be an useful complementary method in the statistical evaluation of the treatment efficacy.

• MeSH
• ambulantní monitorování MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu farmakoterapie   krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin analýza   MeSH
• inzulinové infuzní systémy MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Aims: There is no standardized protocol for measuring glycemic index (GI) that takes time-of-day eff ects intoaccount. The software DegifXL2 and Medtronic-Minimed's CGMSTM and Solutions TM, makes the GI calculationat breakfast and dinner time possible. The aim of this study was to assess the enhanced data processing software(DegifXL4) enabling the GI calculation at breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack and dinner times. Methods: The glucose levels of 20 healthy volunteers were monitored after they consumed either 50 g of glucoseor one of ten alternative foodstuff s either for breakfast and dinner or for lunch or snack. Within the 9-day test period,10 such meals were monitored in 3 replicates for each volunteer. Specifi cally, CGMSTM was used to monitor plasmaglucose levels at 5-minute intervals for a period of 120 min following the foodstuff ingestion. Results: Using the enhanced spreadsheed DegifXL 4, a total of 640 profi les were obtained and 491 (77 %) accomplishedthe criteria for further processing. The percentage of successful tests in each foodstuff varied from 57 to87 %. Conclusions: The use of the new software DegifXL4 off ers accurate GI estimates for foodstuff s eaten for breakfast,lunch, snacks and dinners in three replicates. In combination with the CGMS Solutions SoftwareTM is DegifXL4 anenhanced effi cient and comfortable way to routinely measure GI values.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• experimenty na lidech normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• glykemický index fyziologie   MeSH
• krevní glukóza izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metody výživy využití   MeSH
• monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody   využití   MeSH
• numerická analýza pomocí počítače přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• počítače využití   MeSH
• software MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH

Aims: Consumption of glucose or foodstuff s with high glycaemic index (GI) in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus(PWD1) is a hot topic in present diabetology. The aim of our pilot prospective study was to assess the effi ciencyof empirically suggested simple algorithms for premeal boluses in PWD1 using insulin pumps and continuous glucosemonitoring (CGM). Methods: Six PWD1 (aged 46.2±15.09 y, diabetes duration 14.5±9.65 y, HbA1c/IFCC 6.3±1.59%, BMI 23.6±1.67kg/m2, mean±SD) on insulin pumps Paradigm 522/722 with RT-CGMS sensors (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA)underwent a 12-week CGM. In one week, subjects consumed 50g of carbohydrates in eleven alternative meals (ricesquares, dark chocolate, white bread, honey, glucose, ravioli with meat and Eidam cheese, mashed potatoes with fi shfi ngers, apricot dumplings with butter, spa waffl es, spalta squares, and tomato soup with pasta) eaten for breakfasts,lunches, snacks and dinners in order to calculate their GI. The insulin boluses were adjusted according to empiricallydefi ned algorithms. Average glucose levels and daily insulin doses over three one-week periods (before testing, testingand after testing) were compared. Results: During the observational period, the weekly averages of glucose levels (9.1±2.33 mmol/l vs. 9.2±2.30mmol/l vs. 9.0±2.43 mmol/l, respectively) and daily insulin doses (39.1± 8.14 IU/d vs. 39.7±10.7 IU/d vs. 38.6±9.97IU/d, respectively) were similar. One-week consumption of high GI foodstuff s had only a negligeable eff ect on averageglucose levels.Conclusion: The suggested algorithms for premeal insulin boluses appear to limit the risk of potential hyperglycaemiaresulting from intake of high GI foodstuff s.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• ambulantní monitorování metody   využití   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu dietoterapie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• experimenty na lidech statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• glykemický index fyziologie   MeSH
• hyperglykemie prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• inzulinové infuzní systémy využití   MeSH
• krevní glukóza izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH

The study concentrates on defining the food glycacaemic index (GI) by healthy person, type 1 and 2 diabetics. The GI compares the hyperglycaemic ability of certain food and the standard,which is an important characteristic of food. For defining GI we will use sensor continual glucose concentration measurement in the intersticious fluid. The results will be compared with the old method using the 7 values of P-glucose within 120 minutes after food intake. 5 selected foods (bread, yogurt,granola,a mixtureof yogurt and biscuits) will be tested in the group of 20 non diabetic,20 type 1 diabetics,20 type 2 diabetics.Each food will be tested 3 times within 7 days - breakfast, dinner. We will define the GI and it's reliability, GI inter and intraindividual variability. We can compare the GI with the values by the non diabetics and the diabetics. The results will influence the opinion about the optimal diet.

Studie se soustřeďuje na stanovení glykemického indexu (GI) potravin u zdravých osob a u diabetiků 1. a 2. typu. Glykemický index srovnává hyperglykemizující schopnost určité potraviny se standardem (bílý chléb)a je důležitou charakteristikou potraviny.Pro stanovení GI bude použito nové metody pomocí kontinuálního měření koncentrace glukózy v intersticiální tekutině senzorem CGMS, jejíž výsledky budou srovnány s klasickou metodou využívající 7 hodnot P-glukózy v době do 120 min po jídle. Ve skupině 20nediabetiků, 20 diabetiků 1. typu léčených inzulínovou pumpou a 20 diabetiků 2. typu bez významných komplikací bude testováno 5 vybraných potravin (chléb-stand.,jogurt,musli,směs jogurt/musli,sušenky), každá 3x během 7 dnů (snídaně,večeře). Vedle zjištění GI nových potravin bude možno posoudit spolehlivost nové metody GI, inter- a intraindividuální variabilitu GI a porovnat GI při snídani a při večeři a hodnoty GI u zdravých a diabetiků.Výsledky upřesní názor na optimální stravu.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu MeSH
• diabetická dieta MeSH
• glykemický index MeSH
• hypolipoproteinemie MeSH
• inzulinové infuzní systémy MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• nutriční stav MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• diabetologie
• vnitřní lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

Pilotní studie sledovala antioxidační a antidiabetický efekt pomiferinu u alloxanového diabetu v experimentu. Zvířata byla metodou náhodného výběru rozdělena do 2 skupin (n=7). Skupině léčené byl podáván pomiferin v dávce 10 mg/kg v 0,5% roztoku Avicelu perorálně 1x denně, skupině placebo byl podáván pouze roztok Avicelu. Intaktní skupina byla bez zákroku a bez medikace. Byly stanoveny vybrané laboratorní parametry (glukosa, urea a cholesterol v séru, ztráty glukosy a bílkovin močí), diuréza, antioxidační enzymy (superoxiddismutasa, glutathionperoxidasa), celková antioxidační kapacita a hladina malondialdehydu, a to na konci experimentu. Byly odebrány vzorky ledvinné tkáně a pankreatu pro histopatologické vyšetření. Byl zjištěn statisticky významný pokles hladiny glukosy v séru (p≤0,01), statisticky významný vzestup (p≤0,01) katalytické aktivity glutathionperoxidasy a celkové antioxidační kapacity (p≤0,05) u léčené skupiny ve srovnání se skupinou placebo. Dále byl zjištěn statisticky významný pokles hladiny malondialdehydu (p≤0,01), statisticky vysoce významný pokles (p≤0,01) diurézy, glykosurie a ztrát bílkovin močí u léčené skupiny ve srovnání se skupinou placebo. Superoxiddismutasa nevykázala signifikantní změny. Hodnoty cholesterolu a urey vykázaly nesignifikantní změny. Výsledky biochemického vyšetření ukazují na antioxidační a antidiabetický efekt pomiferinu. Histopatologické nálezy s těmito výsledky korelují pouze částečně.

The antioxidative and antidiabetic effect of pomiferin was monitored under the experimental conditions of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. The animals were divided by random selection into 2 groups (n=7). The treated group was administered pomiferin in peroral doses of 10 mg/kg in Avicel, the placebo group was given only a solution of Avicel, and the last group was intact. Selected laboratory parameters (glucose, urea, cholesterol, antioxidative enzymes, total antioxidative capacity, malondialdehyde in serum; diuresis, total glucose and protein losses through urine) were determined. Kidney tissue and pancreas samples were taken for histopathological analysis. The findings included a statistically significant decrease (p≤0.01) in blood glucose level, a significant increase (p≤0.01) in glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidative capacity (p≤0.05) and a significant decrease (p≤0.01) in malondialdehyde level in the treated group compared to the placebo group. A highly significant decrease (p≤0.01) in diuresis, glucose and protein losses through urine were identified in the treated group compared to the placebo group. The superoxide dismutase catalytic activity, urea and cholesterol levels involved nonsignificant changes. The results of biochemical examination show a protective antioxidative and antidiabetic effect of pomiferin. The results of histopathological examination correlate with them only partially.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• benzopyrany farmakologie   MeSH
• experimentální diabetes mellitus MeSH
• hypoglykemika farmakologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

AIMS: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) using transcutaneous sensors is becoming a sophisticated method to control and regulate glucose metabolism. The transcutaneous sensor of the CGM system (CGMS Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA, USA) is chosen to measure glucose concentration in interstitial fluid up to three days after insertion even though its function remains stable for a longer period. The question arises, which factors really limit the period of sensor insertion without unnecessary risk. The aim of this study was to assess any adverse events occurring in the course of 9 days after the sensor insertion. METHODS: In a group of 22 healthy volunteers aged 21.8+/-1.30 y (mean +/- SE) a total of 26 sensors was inserted subcutaneously in gluteal or lumbar region for 9 days. Before insertion the site was sprayed with an antiseptic (Cutasept F, Bode Chemie, Hamburg, Germany). Local adverse reactions and disturbances in general condition were examined. RESULTS: In the course of 184 sensor-days, there were only minor local adverse events: hypersensitivity, itching, pain, redness, burning, subcutaneous hemorrhage. Additionally, sleep disturbances, attention deficits, problems related to the CGMS monitor, to adhesive tape and/or sensor were found. None of these resulted in sensor withdrawal. In 12 volunteers (55 %) no complications were observed. The sensor function measured according to electrical signals (ISIG) failed (always on day 1-2) in 4 cases (16 %). CONCLUSIONS: The present FDA approved 3-day insertion period for Medtronic transcutaneous sensor does not seem to limit its use and appears to be worth a careful revision.

• MeSH
• ambulantní monitorování škodlivé účinky   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine glycaemic index (GI) of 10 popular foodstuffs/mixed meals in healthy persons. METHODS: Ten tested foodstuffs and glucose standard were consumed in three replicates in the course of a defined 9-day meal plan: puffed rice squares with chocolate, dark chocolate, white bread, honey and glucose for breakfast (at 7 a.m.) and dinner (at 8 p.m.); pasta with meat, fried fish with mashed potatoes, and buttered apricot dumplings for lunch (at 12 a.m.); wafers, puffed spelt squares with chocolate, and tomato soup for snack (at 4 p.m.). Each portion contained 50 g of carbohydrates and was consumed within 30 minutes. Glucose concentrations were measured by means of the Continous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS, Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA, USA). The results were processed by Solutions Software (Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA, USA) and DegifXL4 software, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ. Twenty healthy persons aged 21.9 +/- 1.39 y (mean +/- SE), BMI 23.6 +/- 0.63 kg/m(2) completed the study. RESULTS: GI of tested foodstuffs ranged from 34.7 % (chocolate) to 105.3 % (puffed rice squares with chocolate). There were more than tenfold differences between minimal and maximal values of the GI for some foodstuffs. Significant interindividual differences were found between GIs of foodstuffs. CONCLUSIONS: In twenty healthy persons the glycaemic indexes of ten popular foodstuffs were determined, to be added to the nutritional labels in order to facilitate the optimum meal planning.

• MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glykemický index MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potraviny MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH