This study investigates the replacement of vegetable oil (VO) in aquaculture feed for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) with oil produced by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi grown in lignocellulose (wheat straw) hydrolysate. VO is extensively used to partially replace fish oil in aquaculture feed, which can be seen as non-sustainable. VO itself is becoming a limited resource. Plant oils are used in many different applications, including food, feed and biodiesel. Its replacement in non-food applications is desirable. For this purpose, yeast cells containing 43% lipids per g dry weight were mechanically disrupted and incorporated into the fish feed. There were no significant differences in this pilot study, regarding weight and length gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, condition factor and hepatosomatic index between the control and the yeast oil fed group. Fatty and amino acid composition of diet from both groups was comparable. Our results in fish demonstrate that it is possible to replace VO by yeast oil produced from lignocellulose, which may broaden the range of raw materials for food production and add value to residual products of agriculture and forestry.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny analýza   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata analýza   MeSH
• lignin metabolismus   MeSH
• Lipomyces růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   chemie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• pšenice metabolismus   MeSH
• pstruh růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Our previous study showed that a diet enriched with 400 g of carp per week improved plasma lipids in subjects after aortocoronary bypass (CABG). The aim of the present study is to determine whether the different carp farming systems have an impact on the effects of carp meat in secondary cardiovascular prevention. We examined 3 groups of patients after CABG over a 4-week period of spa treatment (108 persons, 73 males, 35 females, age over 60 years). We found no differences in baseline values of blood pressure or plasma lipids. The patients were given a standard spa diet (controls; N=36) or a diet enriched of 400 g of carp meat per week, enriched omega 3 (N=37) or cereal carp (N=35). Plasma lipid parameters were examined at start and after 4 weeks in a routine laboratory setting. Group consuming omega-3 carp showed the largest decline in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and an increase in HDL cholesterol (all p<0.01). We found that carp meat from the two production systems showed significantly different effects on plasma lipids. Further trials should be performed to clarify the exact causes of the differences.

• MeSH
• ischemická choroba srdeční krev   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• kapři * MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• sekundární prevence metody   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
• vodní hospodářství metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

1. This study examined hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) response to dietary sesamin in combination with different n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios in fish diet. Over a period of 4 months, fish were fed seven different experimental diets an n-6/n-3 FA ratio of either 0.5 or 1.0 in combination with two sesamin levels: low sesamin = 1.16 g/kg feed and high sesamin = 5.8 g/kg feed. Control diets did not contain sesamin. 2. The CYP450-associated activities of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin O-debenzylation (BFCOD), pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase (PROD), coumarin hydroxylase (COH), methoxyresorufin O-deethylase (MROD) and p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (PNPH) were significantly induced by dietary sesamin in a dose-related manner. 3. Expressions of the genes CYP1A1, CYP1A3, CYP3A, AhR1α, AhR2β, AhR2δ and PXR involved in the regulation of CYP450 activities, was not the primary source of this induction.

• MeSH
• dioxoly farmakologie   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• lignany farmakologie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin farmakologie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese účinky léků   MeSH
• rybí oleje farmakologie   MeSH
• Salmo salar metabolismus   MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 metabolismus   MeSH
• xenobiotika metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Fish is the major source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) which are well known to have positive effects in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the possibility to produce common carp with defined flesh quality using finishing feeding strategy and predict changes of fillet FA by a dilution model. METHODS: During the 110-day experiment, fish were fed diets with two different vegetable oils (rapeseed/linseed blend, VO; olive oil, OO) only, or with a subsequent fish oil (FO) finishing treatment for 30 or 60 days. Fillet FA composition was measured and data were compared to the ones predicted by the dilution model. RESULTS: The FO finishing treatment resulted in the higher percentage of SFA (from 19.1% to 23.6%; p<0.001), MUFA (from 46.8% to 51.9%; p<0.001), n-3 PUFA (from 3.6% to 7.4%; p<0.001) and lower n-6 PUFA (from 30.5% to 16.9%; p<0.001) and n-6/n-3 ratio (from 8.7 to 2.3; p<0.001) in groups previously fed the VO diet and in lower MUFA percentage (from 67% to 63%; p<0.001) and n-6/n-3 ratio (from 8.2 to 2.8; p<0.001) and higher n-3 PUFA percentage (from 1.5% to 4.5%; p<0.001) in group previously fed the OO diet. The dilution model gave a good prediction for fillet FA changes (slope of the regression line 0.97-1.00; R2 value of 0.992-0.996). CONCLUSION: The finishing feeding strategy is suggested for production of common carp with a required flesh FA composition for purposes of special nutritional needs, especially for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

• MeSH
• kapři růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci dietoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kosterní svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata * MeSH
• kyselina eikosapentaenová metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny dokosahexaenové metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-6 metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rybí oleje metabolismus   MeSH
• vodní hospodářství metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Česká republika zaujímá přední příčky v úmrtnosti v souvislosti s kardiovaskulárními chorobami. Vedle dalších příčin je důvodem nesprávná životospráva. Zvýšením kvality rybího masa a jeho vyšší spotřebou lze tento trend zmírnit. Příjem omega 3 mastných kyselin, jejichž nejdůležitějším zdrojem jsou právě ryby, pozitivně ovlivňuje lipidové hodnoty v krevní plazmě, jako jsou celkový cholesterol (TC), nízkodenzitní cholesterol (LDL-C), vysokodenzitní cholesterol (HDL-C) a triglyceridy (TG). To bylo potvrzeno klinickou studií na pacientech po operaci srdce, kterým bylo do jídelníčku zařazeno maso kapra obecného se zvýšeným obsahem omega 3 mastných kyselin.

The Czech Republic is one of the leading countries with a top possitions in mortality related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Among other the influence of diet is large in populations. Amouns as well as quality of fish consumption is one way to mitigate this trend. Intake of long chain omega 3 fatty acids (LCPUFA), which are present mainly in fish, has beneficial effects on plasma lipid parameters, such as low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). A clinical study on subjects after major cardiac revascularization surgery has been performed to investigate the impact of fish intake on CVD markers. The diet of the subjects was enriched with carp flesh with increased omega 3 LCPUFA content.

• MeSH
• cholesterol metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fyziologie výživy MeSH
• kapři * růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny klasifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Omega-3 fatty acids (FA) have been shown to be protective against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The effect of the consumption of carp meat on CVD risk factors has not yet been examined in detail. We ascertained the influence of a diet enriched with carp meat with an elevated content of omega-3FA (200 g twice weekly for 4 weeks) in a group of subjects after cardiac revascularization surgery for ischemic heart disease with a follow-up spa treatment. DESIGN: After cardiac revascularization surgery, the probands consumed either a standard spa diet (56 individuals, 41 males, 15 females, age 41-80 years) or a diet enriched with two portions of carp meat (87 individuals, 64 males, 23 females, age 50-82 years). The differences in body mass index (kg/m²), blood pressure, plasma lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP) of the groups were analyzed. RESULTS: In the group with a higher consumption of carp meat, significantly greater improvements in lipid parameters in comparison to the standard spa diet were detected (total cholesterol p<0.001, triglycerides p<0.001, LDL-C p<0.001, CRP p<0.001, HDL-C p<0.001). No differences between these groups in blood pressure and body mass index were found. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the diet enriched with carp meat significantly improved plasma lipid parameters in patients after major cardiac revascularization surgery.

• MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein metabolismus   MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• ischemická choroba srdeční dietoterapie   prevence a kontrola   chirurgie   MeSH
• kapři MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 krev   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• maso MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• revaskularizace myokardu MeSH
• sekundární prevence metody   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

There is evidence that n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are beneficial for human health, especially for the cardiovascular system. The sources of n-3 HUFA, including EPA and DHA, are scarce in diet consumed by the Czech population. Thus, it would be beneficial to generally increase fish consumption and also to increase the content of the beneficial fatty acids (FA) in locally produced fish and other products. Therefore the overall aim of this paper was to review factors influencing lipid content and composition in common carp, which is the major cultured fish in the Czech Republic, and to identify long term sustainable ways for increasing the beneficial fatty acids in the carp flesh. We conclude that there are several ways to improve the FA composition of common carp in the traditional pond production. High amount of natural food, good supplemental diet containing high level of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and suitable processing and cooking were identified as the most important ones.

• MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• dietní tuky nenasycené MeSH
• kapři genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kosterní svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina alfa-linolenová metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for the development of the nervous system in animals. It is known that pigs are good models for human in many aspects. The aim of the study was to investigate how fat content and FA composition in sows' diet influence FA composition in brain of newborn and in liver and brain of one-day-old piglets, respectively. High fat (6 %) feeds were designed with regard to saturated or polyunsaturated fat content and n-6/n-3 ratio by adding either oats rich in linoleic acid (LA) or linseed oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). The ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA was 11 in all three diets (the low fat (3 %), high fat saturated and high fat oats diet), while the ratio in the linseed oil diet was 2. Increased proportion of ALA in the diet increased ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in piglets' neutral and polar liver lipids and the long chain PUFA, EPA, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in piglet brain. The results suggest that transport of n-3 PUFA from sow to piglet was higher via milk than via bloodstream in the uterus and that increased content of ALA in sows' feed led to an increased accumulation of n-3 FA in piglets' liver and brain.

• MeSH
• chromatografie plynová MeSH
• dietní tuky metabolismus   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kyselina alfa-linolenová metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina eikosapentaenová metabolismus   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for the development of the nervous system in animals. It is known that pigs are good models for human in many aspects. The aim of the study was to investigate how fat content and FA composition in sows' diet influence FA composition in brain of newborn and in liver and brain of one-day-old piglets, respectively. High fat (6 %) feeds were designed with regard to saturated or polyunsaturated fat content and n-6/n-3 ratio by adding either oats rich in linoleic acid (LA) or linseed oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). The ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA was 11 in all three diets (the low fat (3 %), high fat saturated and high fat oats diet), while the ratio in the linseed oil diet was 2. Increased proportion of ALA in the diet increased ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in piglets' neutral and polar liver lipids and the long chain PUFA, EPA, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in piglet brain. The results suggest that transport of n-3 PUFA from sow to piglet was higher via milk than via bloodstream in the uterus and that increased content of ALA in sows' feed led to an increased accumulation of n-3 FA in piglets' liver and brain.

• MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dioxoly aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• lignany aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů genetika   MeSH
• Salmo salar genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• tokoferoly metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH