• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Previous research has raised concerns about high prevalence of drug-related problems, polypharmacy and inappropriate benzodiazepine prescribing in nursing homes (NHs) and confirmed lack of studies from Central and South-Eastern Europe. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of polypharmacy, hyperpolypharmacy and inappropriate benzodiazepine prescribing in NH residents in Croatia. METHODS: Data from 226 older NH residents from five Croatian NHs were collected using the InterRAI Long-Term Care Facilities assessment form. The prevalence and determinants of polypharmacy/hyperpolypharmacy and patterns of inappropriate benzodiazepine prescribing were documented. RESULTS: The prevalence of polypharmacy (49.6%) and hyperpolypharmacy (25.7%) among NH residents was high. In our study, 72.1% of NH residents were prescribed at least one psychotropic agent, 36.7% used 2-3 psychotropics and 6.6% used 4+ psychotropics. Among benzodiazepine users (55.8%), 28% of residents were prescribed benzodiazepines in higher than recommended geriatric doses, 75% used them for the long term and 48% were prescribed concomitant interacting medications. The odds of being prescribed polypharmacy/hyperpolypharmacy were significantly higher for older patients with polymorbidity (6+ disorders, proportional odds ratio (POR) = 19.8), type II diabetes (POR = 5.2), ischemic heart disease (POR = 4.6), higher frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS ≥5); POR = 4.3) and gastrointestinal problems (POR = 4.8). CONCLUSIONS: Our research underscores the persistent challenge of inappropriate medication use and drug-related harms among older NH residents, despite existing evidence and professional campaigns. Effective regulatory and policy interventions, including the implementation of geriatrician and clinical pharmacy services, are essential to address this critical issue and ensure optimal medication management for vulnerable NH populations.

• MeSH
• benzodiazepiny * terapeutické užití   škodlivé účinky   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• domovy pro seniory statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje   normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nevhodné předepisování * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• pečovatelské domovy * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• polypharmacy * MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• psychotropní léky terapeutické užití   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Chorvatsko MeSH

BACKGROUND: The use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) in older population is often accompanied by drug-related complications. Inappropriate BZD use significantly alters older adults' clinical and functional status. This study compares the prevalence, prescribing patterns and factors associated with BZD use in community-dwelling older patients in 7 European countries. METHODS: International, cross-sectional study was conducted in community-dwelling older adults (65 +) in the Czech Republic, Serbia, Estonia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Turkey, and Spain between Feb2019 and Mar2020. Structured and standardized questionnaire based on interRAI assessment scales was applied. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with BZD use. RESULTS: Out of 2,865 older patients (mean age 73.2 years ± 6.8, 61.2% women) 14.9% were BZD users. The highest prevalence of BZD use was identified in Croatia (35.5%), Spain (33.5%) and Serbia (31.3%). The most frequently prescribed BZDs were diazepam (27.9% of 426 BZD users), alprazolam (23.7%), bromazepam (22.8%) and lorazepam (16.7%). Independent factors associated with BZD use were female gender (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.19-2.10), hyperpolypharmacy (OR 1.97, 95%CI 1.22-3.16), anxiety (OR 4.26, 95%CI 2.86-6.38), sleeping problems (OR 4.47, 95%CI 3.38-5.92), depression (OR 1.95, 95%CI 1.29-2.95), repetitive anxious complaints (OR 1.77, 95%CI 1.29-2.42), problems with syncope (OR 1.78, 95%CI 1.03-3.06), and loss of appetite (OR 0.60, 95%CI 0.38-0.94). In comparison to Croatia, residing in other countries was associated with lower odds of BZD use (ORs varied from 0.49 (95%CI 0.32-0.75) in Spain to 0.01 (95%CI 0.00-0.03) in Turkey), excluding Serbia (OR 1.11, 95%CI 0.79-1.56). CONCLUSIONS: Despite well-known negative effects, BZDs are still frequently prescribed in older outpatient population in European countries. Principles of safer geriatric prescribing and effective deprescribing strategies should be individually applied in older BZD users.

• MeSH
• benzodiazepiny * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• úzkostné poruchy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Úvod: Převod biologické léčby (switch) z originálního na biosimilární infliximab je prokazatelně efektivním a bezpečným postupem. Méně informací je v klinické praxi o switchi z jednoho biosimilárního léčiva na jiný. Cíl: Prospektivní, observační studie provedená v jednom terciálním IBD centru v letech 2021 a 2022 se zaměřila na posouzení účinnosti a bezpečnosti léčby po převedení z jednoho biosimilárního léčiva (CT-P13) na jiný biosimilární infliximab SB-2 u nemocných s idiopatickými střevními záněty. Metodika: Do sledování bylo zařazeno celkem 287 nemocných s Crohnovou chorobou a ulcerózní kolitidou, kteří byli v průměru 6 měsíců před ne-medicínským switchem v klinické a laboratorní remisi onemocnění. Výsledky: V průběhu 13 měsíců po provedené změně léčby bylo zjištěno, že perzistence na léčbě po switch na biosimilární infliximab SB-2 byla 86,4 % a nedošlo k významnějším změnám v klinických ani biologických parametrech aktivity IBD. Předčasně muselo po provedení switche ukončit léčbu 39 nemocných (13,9 %), a to pro ztrátu účinnosti, vznik vedlejších efektů terapie nebo pro ztrátu sledování. Nebyly zjištěny vyšší projevy imunogenicity léčby po provedené změně léčby z infliximabu CT-P13 na infliximab SB-2. Závěr: Ne-medicínský switch biologické léčby z jednoho (CT-P13) na jiný biosimilární infliximab (SB-2) není spojen s vyšším rizikem destabilizace IBD nebo s vyšším rizikem imunogenicity.

Introduction: Therapeutical switch from originator to biosimilar infliximab has been proved as effective and safety procedure. We have a few information about non-medical swich from one biosimilar to the another biosimilar infiximab. Aim: This is a prospective observational study from one tercial IBD center, performed in 2021 and 2022 which was focused on efficacy and safety after switch from infliximab CT-P13 to infliximab SB-2 in patients with IBD. Methods: The cohort group comprised with 287 patients with IBD who have been consecutively treated with infliximab CT-P13 and they were switched to infliximab SB-2. All the re cruited patients were in clinical and biological sustained remission at mean for 6 months before the switch. Results: We proved that persistence on infliximab SB-2 therapy after the switch was 86.4% of treated patients, no significant changes in clinical inflammatory activities and biological parameters have been detected after the switch. The therapy termination due to side effects or loss of response in 39 patients (13.9%) has been detected due to lost of clinical response, side effects or lost of follow-up. No higher immunogenicity after the switch was found. Conclusion: Non-medical switch from one biosimilar infliximab (CT-P13) to another one (SB-2) was not associated with higher risks of disease destabilisation or immunogenicity.

• MeSH
• biosimilární léčivé přípravky krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty farmakoterapie   MeSH
• infliximab * krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhrada léků * MeSH
• pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Kvalitní příprava střeva před koloskopickým vyšetřením je zásadním předpokladem pro bezpečné a efektivní endoskopické vyšetření tlustého střeva. Analýza 758 případů z jednoho centra potvrdila, že dělená příprava je nejvhodnějším postupem, jakým docílit kvalitní přípravu. Podání očistné přípravy střeva s obsahem simethiconu významně snižuje pravděpodobnost vzniku bublin a zpěněného obsahu v lumen střeva. Pacienti preferují nízkoobjemová projímadla s dobrou palatabilitou.

High quality of bowel preparation before colonoscopy seems to be the most important condition for safety and efficacious investigation of the large bowel. An analysis of 758 patients who underwent colonoscopy in one health care center showed that split preparation is significantly associated with higher quality of the bowel cleansing. Application of drugs with simethicon component significantly reduce the risk of bubbles. Patients prefer small volume laxatives with good palatability.

• Klíčová slova
• očista střeva,
• MeSH
• kolonoskopie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předoperační péče MeSH
• projímadla * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Cíle studie: Originální adalimumab je zavedenou terapií Crohnovy nemoci, biosimilární adalimumab SB-5 se ukázal být v krátkodobé 10týdenní studii stejně efektivní a bezpečný jako originální produkt. Cílem studie bylo porovnat účinnost a bezpečnost léčby biosimilárním adalimumabem SB-5 po převedení z originálního léčiva v dlouhodobém sledování trvajícím 104 týdnů. Metody: Observační a retrospektivní analýza nemocných s Crohnovou chorobou, starších 18 let, kteří byli léčeni v Klinickém centru ISCARE a.s. a jejichž data o efektivitě a bezpečnosti léčby byla uvedena v CREdIT registru. Primárním cílem bylo zjištění klinické efektivity léčby biosimilárním adalimumabem SB-5 a originálním adalimumabem vyjádřené pomocí Hervey-Bradshowa indexu v týdnu 52. Sekundárními cíli bylo zjištění hodnot CRP, fekálního kalprotektinu a plazmatické hladiny adalimumabu v týdnech 10, 26, 52, 78 a 104 a výskyt nežádoucích účinků a perzistence na léčbě. K lepšímu posouzení efektů léčby byly vytvořeny dvě kohorty pacientů na základě „propensity score matching“ pro pohlaví, věk, lokalizaci nemoci a aktivitu choroby. Výsledky: Celkem 54 pacientů v každé kohortě bylo spárováno podle uvedených kritérií. V týdnu 52 byla průměrná hodnota HB skóre v kohortě léčené originálním adalimumabem 3,2; v kohortě na biosimilárním adalimumabu SB-5 4,0 [rozdíl (95% CI) –0,78 (–2,8; 1,3)]. Podobně klinicky nevýznamné rozdíly byly zjištěny v hodnotách C-reaktivního proteinu (CRP), fekálního kalprotektinu a v průměrné údolní koncentraci adalimumabu mezi oběma kohortami v týdnu 52. Kaplan-Meierova analýza potvrdila v týdnu 52 významně lepší perzistenci na léčbě u originálního přípravku v porovnání s biosimilárním adalimumabem SB-5 0,870 (0,785–0,965) vs. 0,648 (0,533–0,789). Závěr: Dlouhodobé výsledky nemedicínsky indukovaného „switche“ z originálního na biosimilární adalimumab SB-5 potvrdily stejnou terapeutickou efektivitu biosimilárního adalimumabu SB-5 vyjádřenou podobně kontrolovanou klinickou aktivitou Crohnovy nemoci, biologickými parametry a farmakokinetickým profilem v týdnu 52 a v týdnu 104, jako měl originální adlimumab. Byla zjištěna nižší perzistence na léčbě u biosimilárního adlaimumabu SB-5.

Background and aims: Originator-adalimumab, an established treatment for patients with Crohn‘s disease (CD) showed no difference in efficacy or adverse events vs the adalimumab biosimilar SB5 (SB5-adalimumab) over 10 weeks of treatment. To understand the long-term efficacy of SB5-adalimumab in CD, patients who switched from originator-adalimumab to SB5-adalimumab were compared to a cohort who remained on originator-adalimumab over a follow up of 104 weeks. Methods: In this analysis, data on patients ≥ 18 years and diagnosed with CD treated at the IBD ISCARE centre were collected prospectively between July 2018 and January 2021. Clinical disease activity as measured by Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) at Week 52 was the primary outcome, while C-reactive protein (CRP), faecal calprotectin (FC), adalimumab trough levels in Weeks 10, 26, 52, 78, and 104, adverse events leading to therapy withdrawal, and persistence on treatment were secondary outcomes. To ensure comparable treatment cohorts, patients were propensity score matched (PSM) for age, gender, diagnosis, and disease activity. Results: A total of 54 patients were matched according to the given criteria in each group. At Week 52, the mean [SD] HBI score was 3.2 (2.5) in the originator-adalimumab group and 4.0 (3.6) in SB5-adalimumab patients (difference [95% CI] –0.78 [–2.8, 1.3]). Similarly, no clinically significant differences in CRP, FC, or trough levels were noted between originator-adalimumab and SB5-adalimumab cohorts through Week 52. The Kaplan-Meier estimates (95% CI) of patients remaining on treatment for the originator-adalimumab vs SB5-adalimumab cohorts were 0.870 (0.785–0.965) vs 0.648 (0.533–0.789) at Week 52. Conclusions: These long-term study results in CD patients after a non-medical switch from originator-adalimumab to SB5-adalimumab showed that the biosimilar SB5 had similar therapeutic effects as originator-adalimumab in terms of clinical disease activity, biological parameters, and pharmacokinetics profile at the primary endpoint of 52 weeks, as well as 104 weeks. Differences in persistence were not clinically driven. Persistence on treatment was lower in patients treated with biosimilar adalimumab SB-5.

• Klíčová slova
• bioimilární adalimumab SB-5,
• MeSH
• adalimumab terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biologická terapie metody   MeSH
• biosimilární léčivé přípravky * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Background: The European Union (EU)(7)-PIM (potentially inappropriate medication) list presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date tool for evaluation of PIM prescribing in Europe; however, several country-specific studies have documented lower specificity of this list on pharmaceutical markets of some countries. The aim of our study was to describe approval rates and marketing of PIMs stated by EU(7)-PIM criteria in six EU countries [in comparison with the American Geriatric Society (AGS) Beers 2015 criteria]. Methods: Research teams of six EU countries (Czech Republic, Spain, Portugal, Serbia, Hungary and Turkey) participated in this study conducted by WG1b EU COST Action IS1402 group in the period October 2015-November 2018. Data on approval rates of PIMs and their availability on pharmaceutical markets have been obtained from databases of national drug-regulatory institutes and up-to-date drug compendia. The EU(7)-PIM list and AGS Beers 2015 Criteria (Section 1) were applied. Results: PIMs from EU(7)-PIM list were approved for clinical use more often than those from the AGS Beers 2015 criteria (Section 1). Approval rates for EU(7)-PIMs ranged from 42.8% in Serbia to 71.4% in Spain (for AGS criteria only from 36.4% to 65.1%, respectively). Higher percentages of approved PIMs were documented in Spain (71.4%), Portugal (67.1%) and Turkey (67.5%), lower in Hungary (55.5%), Czech Republic (50.2%) and Serbia (42.8%). The majority of approved PIMs were also currently marketed in all countries except in Turkey (19.8-21.7% not marketed PIMs) and less than 20% of PIMs were available as over-the-counter medications (except in Turkey, 46.4-48.1%). Conclusions: The EU(7)-PIM list was created for utilization in European studies; however, applicability of this list is still limited in some countries, particularly in Eastern and Central Europe. The EU project EUROAGEISM H2020 (2017-2021) that focuses on PIM prescribing and regulatory measures in Central and Eastern European countries must consider these limits.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to explore the patterns of the coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates over the past almost 50 years (1968-2014) in the Czech Republic, and to predict the mortality rates in 2015-2019. METHODS: The number of deaths from CHD and the population size were stratified by sex and age. The mortality rates were age-standardized to European population. Their values in 2015-2019 were estimated using the joinpoint log-linear regression, local log-linear regression and negative binomial log-linear regression, separately for males and females. RESULTS: A positive change in the trend of the age-standardized mortality rates from CHD was detected after the collapse of communism in 1989. In 1991-2000, the mortality trend was sharply downward, with an annual percent change of -5.8 % for males and -5.2 % for females. In 2000-2014, the decreasing trend was not so sharp (-1.3 % for males and -0.7% for females), yet it should continue in 2015-2019. The crude mortality rates for females are slightly higher than those for males since 2007, however, they are increasing for both sexes. The mortality rates are rising mainly in the age group of 85+ years (in 2014, 25.4% of CHD deaths of males and 54.4% of females occurred at the age of 85+ years). CONCLUSIONS: The age-standardized mortality rates are predicted to decrease in 2015-2019, but the crude mortality rates should increase due to increase in average life expectancy. The burden of deaths is moving to the age group of 85 years and older, mainly in females. A total of 26,039 CHD deaths were registered in the Czech Republic in 2014, and 29,653 are predicted for 2019, if the current trends continue.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• koronární nemoc mortalita   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

We evaluated brain white matter pathways associated with language processing in 37 children with specific language impairment aged 6-12 years and 34 controls, matched for age, sex and handedness. Arcuate fascicle (AF), inferior fronto-occipital fascicle (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fascicle (ILF) and uncinate fascicle (UF) were identified using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Diffusivity parameters and volume of the tracts were compared between the SLI and control group. Children with SLI showed decreased fractional anisotropy in all investigated tracts, increased mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity component in arcuate fascicle bilaterally, left IFOF and left ILF. Further, bilaterally increased volume of the ILF in children with SLI was found. We confirmed previous findings indicating deficient connectivity of the arcuate fascicle and as a novel finding, demonstrate abnormal development of the ventral language stream in patients with SLI.

• MeSH
• anizotropie MeSH
• bílá hmota patologie   MeSH
• difuzní magnetická rezonance MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• jazyk (prostředek komunikace) * MeSH
• jazykové poruchy patologie   MeSH
• konektom * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek patologie   MeSH
• nervová síť patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH