Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents ~80% of all thyroid cancers, most frequently presenting in women in the third and fourth decade of life. The first clinical manifestation of PTC commonly includes a palpable mass in the thyroid area or cervical lymphadenopathy in cases of metastatic disease. Hematogenous distant metastases are a sign of an advanced stage of the tumour. The present study reported an extremely rare occurrence of solitary metastasis of a PTC in the left breast of a 63-year-old male patient, mimicking primary male breast cancer (MBC). The presence of a male breast lesion that did not follow the typical imaging criteria for MBC aroused suspicion of a different primary origin. The combination of imaging methods, laboratory findings and fine-needle aspiration techniques enabling cytological and histopathological examination, with the use of a wide panel of immunohistochemical markers, is crucial to establishing a definitive and correct diagnosis.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
The topic of the diagnosis of phaeochromocytomas remains highly relevant because of advances in laboratory diagnostics, genetics, and therapeutic options and also the development of imaging methods. Computed tomography still represents an essential tool in clinical practice, especially in incidentally discovered adrenal masses; it allows morphological evaluation, including size, shape, necrosis, and unenhanced attenuation. More advanced post-processing tools to analyse digital images, such as texture analysis and radiomics, are currently being studied. Radiomic features utilise digital image pixels to calculate parameters and relations undetectable by the human eye. On the other hand, the amount of radiomic data requires massive computer capacity. Radiomics, together with machine learning and artificial intelligence in general, has the potential to improve not only the differential diagnosis but also the prediction of complications and therapy outcomes of phaeochromocytomas in the future. Currently, the potential of radiomics and machine learning does not match expectations and awaits its fulfilment.
- MeSH
- feochromocytom * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory nadledvin * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- paragangliom * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu metody MeSH
- radiomika MeSH
- strojové učení MeSH
- umělá inteligence MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Cíl: Analýza vlivu zvaní žen ke screeningové mamografii a formy tohoto zvaní na efektivitu zavedeného screeningového programu karcinomu prsu v České republice. Metodika: Dotazníkové šetření provedené v rámci všech 73 akreditovaných screeningových center v České republice. Zhodnocení odpovědí na otázky týkající se vlastní iniciativy jednotlivých pracovišť ve zvaní klientek a zvolené strategie zvaní, časové periodicity a metody selekce plošného vyhledávání cílové populace žen. Srovnání indikátoru „návratu žen do screeningu“ mezi centry aktivně vyhledávající své klientky a centry, které své pacientky neoslovují. Výsledky: Z celkového počtu oslovených screeningových center činila návratnost zaslaného dotazníku 97 % (71 respondentů). Aktivní vyhledávání cílové populace žen ke screeningové mamografii s využitím různých forem a informačních systémů praktikuje zhruba polovina center, ve většině případů po uplynutí dvouletého intervalu od předchozího vyšetření. Většina center se rovněž setkala s příznivou odezvou ze strany pacientek. Zhodnocením indikátoru „návratu žen do screeningu“ byl potvrzen jednoznačně pozitivní dopad na účast cílové populace žen ve screeningovém programu. U center, která zvou své klientky, sledujeme vyšší účast žen na dalším screenin- govém vyšetření, a to zhruba o 10 p. b. Závěr: Využití osvěty a aktivního vyhledávání pacientek vede k dalšímu zvýšení efektivity zavedeného screeningového programu karcinomu prsu.
Aim: Impact analysis of the invitation women to screening mammography and strategies of the invitation on the effectiveness of breast cancer screening programme in the Czech Republic. Methods: Questionnaire survey including 73 certified breast cancer screening centers in the Czech Republic. Evaluation of the answers to the questions focused on the specific form of established invitation strategy, time periodicity and the method of selection of the target female population. Comparison of „the return of women to screening programme indicator“ between the centers using active invitation strategy and those that do not. Results: Out of the total number of participated screening centers, the return rate of the sent questionnaire surveys was 97% (71 respondents). Active invitation strategy of the target female population for screening mammography using various forms and information systems is practiced by about half of the certfied screening centers, in most cases after a two-year time period since the previous examination. Most centers also accepted a favorable response from the patients. The analysis of „the return of women to screening programme indicator“ confirmed a clearly positive impact of the active invitation strategy on the female participation in breast cancer screening programme. Centers, that invite their clients, achieve a higher participation of women in the next screening examination, by about 10 p.p. Conclusions: The use of education and active search of patients leads to further increase the effectiveness of established breast cancer screening programme.
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyse the ultrasound findings in the axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients with morphological changes that required biopsy. In most cases the morphological changes were minimal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2014 and September 2019 examination of axillary lymph nodes with subsequent core-biopsy was performed in 185 breast cancer patients at the Department of Radiology. Lymph node metastases were detected in 145 cases, while in the remaining 40 cases benign changes or normal lymph node (LN) histology was observed. Ultrasound morphological characteristics and the sensitivity and specificity were evaluated retrospectively. Seven ultrasound characteristics were evaluated - diffuse cortical thickening, focal cortical thickening, absence of the hilum, cortical non-homogeneities, L/T ratio (longitudinal to transverse axis), type of vascularization and perinodal oedema. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It is a diagnostic challenge to recognize metastases in the lymph nodes with minimal morphological changes. The most specific signs are non-homogeneities in the cortex of the lymph node as well as the absence of fat hilum and perinodal oedema. Metastases are significantly more frequent in LNs with a lower L/T ratio, in LNs with perinodal oedema and with a peripheral type of vascularization. Biopsy of these lymph nodes is necessary to confirm or exclude metastases, especially if it affects the type of treatment.
- MeSH
- axila * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny * patologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nádory prsu * patologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- ultrasonografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate accidental findings of axillary lymphadenopathy during breast examination. Postvaccination axillary lymphadenopathy is a possible cause of adenopathies but these findings used to be exceedingly rare. Nowadays, after Covid-19 vaccination it is found more often. Covid-19 vaccination started at the end of December 2020 with two types of vaccine, Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech in the Czech Republic. The aim of this article is to present a single centre experience with Covid-19 lymphadenopathy during the general vaccination in the Czech population and summarization of recommendations. METHODS: In January to February 2021 ultrasound revealed axillary lymphadenopathy in several patients during breast examination in our certified centre. In four of them it was concluded as lymphadenopathy after Covid-19 vaccination. A search (using databases PubMed and Google Scholar) of the available literature for the years 2020 and 2021 was performed. RESULTS: These four patients were examined during the first two months of 2021. In all of them pathological lymph nodes with typical sonographic signs were seen in the ipsilateral axilla. We searched the literature for follow-up recommendations and summarized them in our article. CONCLUSION: Accidental findings of axillary lymphadenopathy during ultrasound breast examination will be more often. There will be more cases of lymphadenopathy with an increasing number of people being vaccinated against Covid-19.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfadenopatie * diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mamografie metody MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- stupeň nádoru MeSH
- triple-negativní karcinom prsu * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- biopsie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny patologie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mamografie metody MeSH
- mastektomie metody MeSH
- nádory prsu * diagnostické zobrazování terapie MeSH
- neoadjuvantní terapie metody MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody MeSH
- předoperační péče metody MeSH
- ultrasonografie prsů metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
