The muzzle imprint mark characteristically associated with contact or near contact entrance gunshot wounds exemplifies one of the most informative external findings in forensic medical practice. The presence of the muzzle imprint mark on the body's surface proves ballistic trauma, point of entry, and range of fire. Moreover, its appearance and configuration may indicate the type of the involved weapon and the way the firearm had been positioned and held at the time of discharge. In this paper, we present the contact shot wound pattern of an 83-year-old man who committed suicide with a Frommer Stop 12 M autoloading pistol of caliber 7.65 mm Browning. Initially, the muzzle imprint mark configuration in relation to the entrance gunshot defect in the victim's right temple indicated an unusual application or orientation of the pistol's barrel during discharge, thus, strongly suggesting a non-suicidal act. However, a critical confrontation of postmortem findings along with the results of ballistic expertise provided a clear explanation, which comprised the remarkable construction and unique muzzle design of the used handgun.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• penetrující poranění hlavy * MeSH
• sebevražda * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• soudní balistika MeSH
• střelné rány * MeSH
• střelné zbraně * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Autoerotic deaths refer to fatalities occurring during individual, solitary sexual activity, in which some device, situation, or act is used to gain or boost the sexual arousal of the subject. Anorectal autoeroticism is an autoerotic paraphilic activity that pertains to the self-insertion of various objects into the anal canal and rectal cavity to gain or heighten the subject's sexual drive. Although most foreign bodies inserted into the rectum do not cause significant injury, the introduction of some objects into the rectum might have unpredictable and even fatal effects. In this paper, we describe an intriguing autoerotic case of a 35-year-old male who sustained an explosive rectal trauma as a result of the unanticipated bursting of an expandable rubber pipe stopper that he inserted into his rectum and hyperinflated via an air blow gun connected through a pressure pipe to a centralized air-distribution system. The man sustained a circular abruption of the rectum with partial avulsion of the abdominal wall, associated with bleeding into the abdominal cavity and chest wall, and died before admission to the hospital. A police investigation revealed that the victim was a regular contributor to several web forums dedicated to unusual sexual activities. This case raises awareness of the broadening spectrum of methods and experiments associated with autoerotic behavior. We also reviewed the literature pertaining to this topic and outlined some of the characteristics of atypical autoerotic deaths. Although certain autoerotic methods are relatively common, other unusual autoerotic techniques may present novel challenges within the medicolegal field.

• MeSH
• cizí tělesa komplikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exploze * MeSH
• fatální výsledek MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• masturbace * MeSH
• pneumotorax patologie   MeSH
• poranění tlakovou vlnou patologie   MeSH
• rektum zranění   patologie   MeSH
• úrazy a nehody MeSH
• vzduchová embolie patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• krvácení patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pitva MeSH
• poranění krku krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sinus ethmoidalis patologie   MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Blank firing guns are readily accessible in most countries due to an absence of legal regulations. These weapons are capable of causing lethal injuries. We report a rare case of secondary (unplanned) complex suicide committed with a knife and blank cartridge pistol. A 59-year-old man was found dead with three superficial incisions in his neck and a gunshot wound to the chest. The external examination revealed an entrance wound in the left chest region consistent with contact shooting. The appearance of a muzzle imprint suggested two discharges. The autopsy showed a slightly hemorrhaged but otherwise intact pericardium, blood in the pericardial sac, and a channel-like defect in the anterior wall of the left cardiac ventricle. The cause of death was attributed to cardiac tamponade. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of unplanned complex suicide involving an unmodified blank firing gun.

• MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• penetrující rány patologie   MeSH
• poranění krku patologie   MeSH
• sebevražda * MeSH
• srdeční komory zranění   patologie   MeSH
• srdeční tamponáda etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• střelné rány patologie   MeSH
• střelné zbraně MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Laryngohyoid fractures in hanging victims are one of the most studied and paradoxically contradictory topics in forensic pathology. According to literary sources, the incidence of laryngohyoid fractures in hanging varies significantly, from 0% to 100%. To verify the diagnostic significance of these injuries in hanging, we prospectively and consecutively analyzed the occurrence of laryngohyoid fractures in a group of 178 suicidal hanging victims (M/F=150/28, aged 14-94years, mean age=50, complete suspension=111 cases, partial suspension=67 cases) in relation to selected variables (age, sex, weight, the completeness of body suspension, and ligature knot location). Altogether, we identified the following types of laryngohyoid fractures in 129 of 178 cases (72.5%): isolated fracture(s) to the thyroid cartilage in 60 cases (33.7%), combined thyrohyoid fractures in 41 cases (23.0%), isolated fracture(s) to the hyoid bone in 28 cases (15.7%), and no fractures to the cricoid cartilage or the cervical vertebrae. The highest frequency of laryngohyoid fractures was found in lateral hangings (right lateral: 26/34, 76.5%; left lateral: 31/37, 83.8%), whereas the lowest rate was found in anterior hangings (4/11, 36.4%). In lateral hangings, fractures more often occurred contralaterally to the suspension point. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations of the occurrence of laryngohyoid fractures with the age of the victim (p=0.028), with the position of the ligature knot on the neck (p=0.019) and with the age-corrected weight of the victim (p=0.026). In addition, we performed a systematic updated review and critical appraisal of relevant literary sources to report the incidence, fracture patterns, and contributing variables of laryngohyoid injuries in hanging. Both the results of our study and the provided literary synthesis show that if evaluated properly, laryngohyoid fractures in hanging may diagnostically offer far more than just evidence that injury to the neck occurred and may also present research opportunities regarding several issues that should be further analyzed and explained.

• MeSH
• asfyxie patologie   MeSH
• chondrální fraktury patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fraktury kostí patologie   MeSH
• laryngeální chrupavky zranění   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• os hyoideum zranění   patologie   MeSH
• poranění krku patologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• sebevražda statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

The postmortem diagnosis of hypothermia remains problematic even in the era of molecular and digital diagnostic advances. Gross hemorrhages in iliopsoas muscles have been regarded as a helpful diagnostic sign in hypothermia fatalities; nevertheless, they have received marginal attention since their original description. The present study attempts to fill that void by examining occurrence, localization, and diagnostic significance of the bleeding into the core muscles as evidence of death due to hypothermia in a series comprising 51 consecutive hypothermia autopsy cases. Hemorrhages into the core muscles were identified in 33 cases of fatal hypothermia (65%). Hemorrhages were present in iliopsoas muscles (19 cases; 37%), deep back muscles (18 cases; 35%), and in other core muscular groups such as the diaphragm, cervical, pectoral, and intercostal muscles (11 cases; 22%). The results of the study offer an attractive diagnostic opportunity and reaffirm the potential of the careful core muscle dissection for the clarification of hypothermic deaths. Centers lacking high-end imaging technologies and molecular postmortem programs may especially benefit, which may have implications in broader autopsy practice.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epitelové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• erytém patologie   MeSH
• hypotermie patologie   MeSH
• kosterní svaly patologie   MeSH
• krvácení patologie   MeSH
• ledvinové kanálky patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• synoviální membrána patologie   MeSH
• synoviální tekutina MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Despite the availability of modern imaging and molecular tools, traditional autopsy, and laboratory findings remain the gold standard for the diagnosis of drowning. This article presents two cases of freshwater drowning in which hemolytic staining of the endocardium of the left heart chambers was observed at autopsy. One case was a suicidal drowning of an 84-year-old man, and the other case was an accidental drowning of an 86-year-old woman. In both cases, there was marked hemolytic staining of the endocardium of the left atrium and ventricle. The endocardium of the right heart chambers was clear and transparent in appearance. Hemolytic intimal staining of the aortic root was observed in one case. Gettler's test was positive in both cases. Hemolytic discoloration of the endocardium of the left heart chambers after freshwater drowning is analogous to hemolytic staining of the aortic root. Both staining patterns result from the hypo-osmolar hemolysis that occurs in the left heart chambers and systemic circulation after hypotonic fluid passes across the alveolocapillary membrane. Hemolytic discoloration of the endocardium of the left heart chambers at autopsy may support a diagnosis of freshwater drowning.

• MeSH
• endokard patologie   MeSH
• fatální výsledek MeSH
• hemolýza * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pitva MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• příčina smrti MeSH
• sebevražda MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• sladká voda MeSH
• soudní patologie metody   MeSH
• srdeční komory patologie   MeSH
• srdeční síně patologie   MeSH
• úrazy a nehody MeSH
• utonutí krev   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The hyoid bone is characterized by sexually dimorphic features, enabling it to occasionally be used in the sex determination aspect of establishing the biological profile in skeletal remains. Based on a sample of 298 fused and non-fused hyoid bones, the present paper compares several methodological approaches to sexing human hyoid bones in order to test the legitimacy of osteometrics-based linear discriminant equations and to explore the potentials of symbolic regression and methods of geometric morphometrics. In addition, two sets of published predictive models, one of which originated in an indigenous population, were validated on the studied sample. The results showed that the hyoid shape itself is a moderate sex predictor and a combination of linear measurements is a better representation of sex-related differences. The symbolic regression was shown to exceed the predictive powers of linear discriminant function analysis when two models based on a logistic and step regression reached 96% of correctly classified cases. There was a positive correlation between discriminant scores and an individual's age as the sex assessment was highly skewed in favour of males. This suggests that the human hyoid undergoes age-related modifications which facilitates determination of male bones and complicates determination of females in older individuals. The validation of discriminant equations by Komenda and Černý (1990) and Kindschud et al. (2010) revealed that there are marked inter-population and inter-sample differences which lessened the power to correctly determine female hyoid bones.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• diskriminační analýza MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• os hyoideum anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• software MeSH
• soudní antropologie MeSH
• určení pohlaví podle kostry metody   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A 61-year-old man was found dead in the yard of his house with penetrating injury of the trunk. Initial examination of the body revealed a single penetrating injury on his chest with a collar abrasion-the injury pattern that is similar to a gunshot entry wound or shored exit wound. According to witnesses, the man had cut wooden frames from old windows with a circular saw. X-rays of the torso revealed a contrast object resembling a projectile in the left scapular region. The internal examination disclosed an isolated trunk trauma involving the left lung. In the soft tissue, between the inner edge of the left scapula and thoracic spine, the fragment of a metal nail was found. The autopsy confirmed that the wound on the chest was a non-firearm-related injury. The death of deceased was attributed to massive internal hemorrhage. Further investigation revealed that the pseudo-gunshot wound injury of the trunk of the victim was caused by a fast-flying metal object thrown against the man's trunk from a circular saw while cutting the wooden beams of old windows.

• MeSH
• cizí tělesa patologie   radiografie   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• krvácení etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• penetrující rány etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• poranění hrudníku etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• poškození plic etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH