Animal models are an important tool for studying ischemic mechanisms of stroke. Among them, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model via the intraluminal suture method in rodents is closest to human ischemic stroke. It is a model of transient occlusion followed by reperfusion, thus representing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model that simulates patients with vascular occlusion and timely recanalization. Although reperfusion is very beneficial for the possibility of preserving brain functions after ischemia, it also brings a great risk in the form of brain edema, which can cause the development of intracranial hypertension, and increasing morbidity and mortality. In this paper, we present the results of our own transient reperfusion model of MCAO in which we tested the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using Evans blue (EB), an intravital dye with a high molecular weight (68,500 Da) that prevents its penetration through the intact BBB. A total of 15 animals were used in the experiment and underwent the following procedures: insertion of the MCA occluder; assessment of ischemia by 2,3,5 -Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining; assessment of the BBB permeability using brain EB distribution. The results are presented and discussed. The test of BBB permeability using EB showed that 120 minutes after induction of ischemia, the BBB is open for the entry of large molecules into the brain. We intend to use this finding to time the application of neuroprotective agents via ICA injection in our next stroke model. Keywords: Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model, Middle cerebral artery occlusion, Blood-brain barrier, 2,3,5 -Triphenyltetrazolium chloride, Evans blue.
- MeSH
- Evansova modř MeSH
- hematoencefalická bariéra * metabolismus MeSH
- infarkt arteria cerebri media * metabolismus MeSH
- ischemie mozku metabolismus MeSH
- kapilární permeabilita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- permeabilita MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- reperfuzní poškození * metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cíl: Porovnat funkční a anatomické výsledky mezi technikou invertovaného laloku a konvenčním odstraněním interní limitující membrány (ILM) při operačním řešení idiopatických makulárních děr (IMD). Metodika: Retrospektivně jsme hodnotili anatomické a funkční výsledky u 67 očí 65 pacientů operovaných pro IMD. Pacienti byli operováni buď technikou konvenčního peelingu ILM (první skupina), nebo technikou invertovaného laloku ILM (druhá skupina). Do první skupiny bylo zařazeno 43 očí 41 pacientů, do druhé skupiny 24 očí 24 pacientů. K operaci jsme indikovali pouze pacienty s IMD stádia 2–4 dle Gasseho klasifikace. Před a dva měsíce po operaci byla vždy stanovená nejlépe korigovaná zraková ostrost (ZO). Dále bylo provedené srovnání obou technik podle průměrného zisku písmen po operaci a efekt operace byl zhodnocen pomocí OCT, zda došlo k uzavření IMD. U obou technik byla provedena 25G PPV s tamponádou SF6. Výsledky: U konvenčního odstranění ILM došlo k uzavření díry u 41 očí. U jednoho oka nedošlo k uzavření díry ani po reoperaci stejnou technikou. Medián zisku písmen ETDRS byl 7,0. ZO zůstala stejná u 2 očí (4,7 %), v 7 případech (16,2 %) se ZO zhoršila a ve všech ostatních případech došlo k jejímu zlepšení (79,0 %). U 16 očí (37,2 %) se ZO zlepšila o 2 a více řádků ETDRS optotypů. U invertovaného flapu došlo k uzavření díry u všech 24 sledovaných očí. Medián zisku písmen ETDRS byl 9,5. ZO zůstala stejná u 2 očí (8,3 %), ve 2 případech (8,3 %) se ZO zhoršila a ve všech ostatních případech došlo k jejímu zlepšení (83,3 %). U 12 očí (50,0 %) se ZO zlepšila o 2 a více řádků ETDRS optotypů. Peroperačně a pooperačně nebyly žádné závažné komplikace. Závěr: Naše studie prokázala bezpečnost a účinnost obou metod. Přestože výsledky nebyly statisticky signifikantní, technika invertovaného laloku měla oproti konvenční technice peelingu ILM v našem souboru očí větší zisk písmen ETDRS (9,5 vs. 7,0) a počet uzavřených děr (100 % vs. 95,3 %).
Aim: To compare functional and anatomical outcomes between the inverted flap technique and conventional removal of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in the surgical management of idiopathic macular hole (IMH). Material and methods: We retrospectively evaluated the anatomical and functional results in 67 eyes of 65 patients operated on for IMH. The patients were operated on either using the conventional ILM peeling technique (first group) or with the inverted ILM flap technique (second group). 43 eyes of 41 patients were included in the first group, 24 eyes of 24 patients in the second group. We indicated for surgery only patients with IMH stage 2–4 according to the Gasse classification. Best corrected visual acuity (VA) was always determined before and two months after surgery. Furthermore, a comparison of both techniques was made according to the average letter gain after surgery, and the effect of surgery was evaluated using OCT with regard to whether IMH closure succeeded. For both techniques, 25G PPV with SF6 tamponade was performed. Results: Hole closure took place in 41 eyes with conventional ILM removal. In one eye, the hole did not close even after reoperation with the same technique. Median ETDRS letter gain was 7.0. VA remained the same in 2 eyes (4.7%), worsened in 7 cases (16.2%), and improved in all other cases (79.0%). In 16 eyes (37.2%), VA improved by 2 or more lines of ETDRS charts. Using the inverted flap technique, the hole was closed in all 24 monitored eyes. Median ETDRS letter gain was 9.5. VA remained the same in 2 eyes (8.3%), worsened in 2 cases (8.3%), and improved in all other cases (83.3%). In 12 eyes (50.0%), VA improved by 2 or more lines of ETDRS charts. There were no serious complications intraoperatively or postoperatively. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of both methods. Although the results were not statistically significant, the inverted flap technique recorded a greater ETDRS letter gain (9.5 vs. 7.0) and proportion of closed holes (100% vs. 95.3%) compared to the conventional ILM peeling technique in our set of eyes.
- Klíčová slova
- invertovaný lalok, peeling MLI,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oftalmologické chirurgické výkony * klasifikace metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- perforace sítnice * chirurgie klasifikace terapie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- trypanová modř terapeutické užití MeSH
- vitrektomie klasifikace metody MeSH
- vnitřní tamponáda klasifikace metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zraková ostrost MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
BACKGROUND: Endothelial glycocalyx (EG) plays a crucial role in maintaining the plasma proteins within the intravascular space. OBJECTIVE: We studied whether exogenous albumin protects the EG in an experimental model of EG enzymatic damage in rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into three groups of 10 animals that received (1) Evans blue (2) Evans blue + hyaluronidase, or (3) Evans blue + hyaluronidase + 20% human albumin via the tail vein. Spectrophotometric analysis was performed 2 h later to quantify the leakage of Evans blue-labeled albumin into the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, liver, small intestine, spleen, and skeletal muscle. RESULTS: Administration of hyaluronidase numerically increased the capillary leakage of Evans blue in all examined tissues. Co-administration of albumin decreased the leakage of albumin in all tissues except the heart. In the lungs, the ratio between the absorbance and dry organ weight decreased from 5.3 ± 2.4 to 1.7 ± 0.5 (mean ± SD) (P < 0.002), and in the liver, the absorbance decreased from 2.2 ± 0.7 to 1.5 ± 0.4 (P < 0.011). CONCLUSION: Exogenous albumin decreased the capillary leakage of albumin which was interpreted as a sign of maintained EG integrity.
- MeSH
- albuminy * metabolismus MeSH
- cévní endotel účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- Evansova modř MeSH
- glykokalyx * metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- hyaluronoglukosaminidasa farmakologie MeSH
- kapilární permeabilita * účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: To compare 3 capsulotomy centration methods. SETTING: Private clinic, Zlin, Czech Republic. DESIGN: Prospective, consecutive case series. METHODS: 180 eyes undergoing cataract surgery had anterior capsule staining with microfiltered 0.4% trypan blue solution before selective laser capsulotomy. The first 60 eyes (Group 1) had mydriatic dilated pupil centered capsulotomies. The next 60 eyes (Group 2) were centered on the trypan blue central landmark (TCL). The final 60 capsulotomies (Group 3) were centered on the patient fixated coaxial Purkinje reflex (CPR). Measurements between key anatomical landmarks and the TCL, CPR capsulotomies, and implanted intraocular lens (IOL) center were made. RESULTS: The TCL, observed in >94% of eyes in the study, coincided with the CPR with a displacement of <0.1 ± 0.1 mm. Group 1 capsulotomies were noticeably decentered on the IOLs by 0.3 ± 0.2 mm. The Group 2 symmetrical IOL relationship was maintained with a decentration of 0.15 ± 0.1 mm. Group 3 had a similar decentration with the IOLs with 0.15 ± 0.1 mm. Verification with IOLMaster 700 data and CALLISTO Eye System showed that the CPR and the TCL were coincident with the measured visual axis. CONCLUSIONS: The clearly visible TCL served as an alternate landmark to the patient fixated CPR, and being on the anterior capsule was not sensitive to tilt. Further patient compliance was not required. Both were superior to dilated pupil centration, to achieve symmetric IOL coverage. This has application for both capsulotomies and capsulorhexes.
- MeSH
- anatomická značka MeSH
- barvicí látky * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- capsulorhexis * metody MeSH
- fakoemulzifikace * MeSH
- implantace nitrooční čočky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pouzdro oční čočky chirurgie MeSH
- přední pouzdro oční čočky chirurgie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- trypanová modř * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Decolorization and degradation of textile dye by endophytic fungi stand to be a profitable and viable alternative over conventional methods with respect to eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and non-hazardous nature. One of the active fungal endophytes Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from plant Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. was screened for laccase production and Congo red dye decolorization. Various physicochemical parameters like dye concentration, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature, and pH were optimized, and the maximum decolorization (%) was achieved at 100 mg/L of dye concentration (82%), yeast extract (80%), 30 °C temp (80%), glucose (79%), and 7 pH (78%), respectively. SEM image and fungal biomass changes represent that fungus actively participated in the dye decolorization and had less significant effect on biomass. The regenerative ability of fungus C. gloeosporioides after dye decolorization indicated tolerance against the dye and was found to be more advantageous over previous reports of dye decolorization by other endophytic fungi. UV-Vis spectra, TLC, FTIR, and HPLC results confirmed the decolorization and degradation process due to absorption and biodegradation. Phytotoxicity assay depicted that degraded products are less toxic to Phaseolus mungo compared to Congo red. The overall findings showed that C. gloeosporioides possesses a good decolorization and degradation potential against Congo red and this endophyte can be profitably used for dye-containing wastewater treatment.
Suramin is one of the oldest drugs in use today. It is still the treatment of choice for the hemolymphatic stage of African sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and it is also used for surra in camels caused by Trypanosoma evansi. Yet despite one hundred years of use, suramin's mode of action is not fully understood. Suramin is a polypharmacological molecule that inhibits diverse proteins. Here we demonstrate that a DNA helicase of the pontin/ruvB-like 1 family, termed T. brucei RuvBL1, is involved in suramin resistance in African trypanosomes. Bloodstream-form T. b. rhodesiense under long-term selection for suramin resistance acquired a homozygous point mutation, isoleucine-312 to valine, close to the ATP binding site of T. brucei RuvBL1. The introduction of this missense mutation, by reverse genetics, into drug-sensitive trypanosomes significantly decreased their sensitivity to suramin. Intriguingly, the corresponding residue of T. evansi RuvBL1 was found mutated in a suramin-resistant field isolate, in that case to a leucine. RuvBL1 (Tb927.4.1270) is predicted to build a heterohexameric complex with RuvBL2 (Tb927.4.2000). RNAi-mediated silencing of gene expression of either T. brucei RuvBL1 or RuvBL2 caused cell death within 72 h. At 36 h after induction of RNAi, bloodstream-form trypanosomes exhibited a cytokinesis defect resulting in the accumulation of cells with two nuclei and two or more kinetoplasts. Taken together, these data indicate that RuvBL1 DNA helicase is involved in suramin action in African trypanosomes.
- MeSH
- DNA-helikasy genetika MeSH
- suramin farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Trypanosoma brucei brucei * genetika MeSH
- Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense genetika MeSH
- Trypanosoma * genetika MeSH
- trypanozomóza africká * farmakoterapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A novel approach had been carried out to develop fungal consortium, namely, RH-2, containing two marine procured fungal isolates in order to evaluate biodegradation of recalcitrant diazo dye Congo red. The fungi were isolated from the seacoast of Diu, India. According to the ITS sequencing, the strains were identified as Penicillium oxalicum (DS-2) and Aspergillus tubingensis (DS-4). Discs of 12 mm were cut out from the edge of both the fungal isolates (DS-2 and DS-4) and inoculated in flasks consisting of potato dextrose broth with 100 mg/L Congo red for the development of fungal consortium RH-2. The degradation by the fungal consortium RH-2 was more effective than the fungal monocultures DS-2 and DS-4 with the respective degradation reaching 97.15 ± 0.15%, 68.96 ± 0.09%, and 29.96 ± 0.21% in addition of yeast extract (1% w/v) within 12 h. The influence of dextrose (1% w/v), yeast extract (1% w/v), pH 5, and salt concentration (1% w/v) enhanced the degradation potential of fungal consortium RH-2. The maximal degradation was correlated with the production of laccase (12.498 ± 0.21 U/mL) and manganese peroxidase (10.314 ± 0.25 U/mL). The catabolism of Congo red was confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopic analysis (Congo red λ-max = 499 nm) and ATR-FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The filtrates obtained after Congo red degradation were also evaluated for microbial toxicity against bacteria (Bacillus haynesii) and phytotoxicity analysis on plant seed (Trigonella foenum) which revealed that the filtrate acquired after the treatment of Congo red by fungal consortium RH-2 was less toxic than the original dye in nature. A novel aspect is determined by the evidence of mutualistic interaction between two different fungi for the rapid decolorization and degradation of dye providing a prospective of utilizing the developed consortium RH-2 as a cost-effective approach in textile wastewater treatment for cleaner environment.
This work aims to synthesize akaganeite nanoparticles (AKNPs) by using microwave and use them to adsorb Congo red dye (CR) from the aqueous solution. The AKNPs with an average particle size of about 50 nm in width and 100 nm in length could be fabricated in 20 min. The effects of pH, CR initial concentration, adsorption time, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process were investigated and the artificial neural network (ANN) was used to analyze the adsorption data. The various ANN structures were examined in training the data to find the optimal model. The structure with training function, TRAINLM; adaptation learning function, LARNGDM; transfer function, LOGSIG (in hidden layer) and PURELIN (in output layer); and 10 neutrons in hidden layer having the highest correlation (R2 = 0.996) and the lowest MSE (4.405) is the optimal ANN structure. The consistency between the experimental data and the data predicted by the ANN model showed that the behavior of the adsorption process of CR onto AKNPs under different conditions can be estimated by the ANN model. The adsorption kinetics was studied by fitting the data into pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second-order model and governed by several steps. The adsorption isotherms at the different temperatures were studied by fitting the data to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. The R2 obtained from the Langmuir model was above 0.9 and the highest value in three of four temperatures, suggesting that the adsorption isotherms were the best fit to the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be more than 150 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorption of CR onto AKNPs was a spontaneous and endothermic process and physicochemical adsorption. The obtained results indicated the potential application of microwave-synthesize AKNPs for removing organic dyes from aqueous solutions.
- MeSH
- benzensulfonáty * farmakologie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- hepatocelulární karcinom * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory ledvin farmakoterapie MeSH
- protinádorové látky * farmakologie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- pyridiny * farmakologie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Laser ablation in liquid (LAL), one of the attractive methods for fabrication of nanoparticles, was used for the modification of carbon cloth (CC) by deposition of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs); a simple stirring method was deployed to deposit Pd NPs on the CC surface. Characterization techniques viz X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) were applied to study the surface of the ensuing samples which confirmed that LAL technique managed to fabricate and deposit the Pd NPs on the surface of CC. In addition, the catalytic prowess of the carbon cloth-Pd NPs (CC/Pd NPs) was investigated in the NaBH4- or HCOOH-assisted reduction of assorted environmental pollutants in aqueous medium namely hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB). The CC/Pd NPs system has advantages such as high stability/sustainability, high catalytic performance and easy reusability.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza chemie MeSH
- chrom MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- Kongo červeň MeSH
- kovové nanočástice chemie MeSH
- lasery MeSH
- methylenová modř chemie MeSH
- nitrofenoly MeSH
- palladium chemie MeSH
- spektrometrie rentgenová emisní MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- textilie MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
