OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography in pre-operative assessment of lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer, to compare the outcomes for pelvic and para-aortic regions, and to detect macrometastases and micrometastases separately. METHODS: Patients were retrospectively included if they met the following inclusion criteria: pathologically verified cervical cancer; ultrasonography performed by one of four experienced sonographers; surgical lymph node staging, at least in the pelvic region-sentinel lymph node biopsy or systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy or debulking. The final pathological examination was the reference standard. RESULTS: 390 patients met the inclusion criteria between 2009 and 2019. Pelvic node macrometastases (≥2 mm) were confirmed in 54 patients (13.8%), and micrometastases (≥0.2 mm and <2 mm) in another 21 patients (5.4%). Ultrasonography had sensitivity 72.2%, specificity 94.0%, and area under the curve (AUC) 0.831 to detect pelvic macrometastases, while sensitivity 53.3%, specificity 94.0%, and AUC 0.737 to detect both pelvic macrometastases and micrometastases (pN1). Ultrasonography failed to detect pelvic micrometastases, with sensitivity 19.2%, specificity 85.2%, and AUC 0.522. There was no significant impact of body mass index on diagnostic accuracy. Metastases in para-aortic nodes (macrometastases only) were confirmed in 16 of 71 patients who underwent para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Ultrasonography yielded sensitivity 56.3%, specificity 98.2%, and AUC 0.772 to identify para-aortic node macrometastases. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography performed by an experienced sonographer can be considered a sufficient diagnostic tool for pre-operative assessment of lymph nodes in patients with cervical cancer, showing similar diagnostic accuracy in detection of pelvic macrometastases as reported for other imaging methods (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT or diffusion-weighted imaging/MRI). It had low sensitivity for detection of small-volume macrometastases (largest diameter <5 mm) and micrometastases. The accuracy of para-aortic assessment was comparable to that for pelvic lymph nodes, and assessment of the para-aortic region should be an inseparable part of the examination protocol.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfadenektomie MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny * diagnostické zobrazování patologie chirurgie MeSH
- mikrometastázy diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku * diagnostické zobrazování patologie chirurgie MeSH
- předoperační péče metody MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- ultrasonografie * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: We found a need for balancing the application of clinical guidelines and tailored approaches to follow-up of cervical cancer (CC) patients in the lymph node micrometastatic (MICs) setting. This review aimed to determine the current knowledge of management of MIC-positive CC cases. METHODOLOGY: We addressed prognostic and risk of recurrence monitoring impacts associated with MIC+ cases. The electronic databases for literature and relevant articles were analysed. RESULTS: Fifteen studies, (4882 patients), were included in our systematic review. While the results show that MICs significantly worsen prognosis in early CC. A tertiary prevention algorithm for low volume lymph node disease may stratify follow-up according to the burden of nodal disease and provide data that helps improve follow-up performance. CONCLUSION: MICs worsen prognosis and should be managed as suggested by the algorithm. However, this algorithm must be externally validated. The clinical impact of isolated tumor cells (ITC) remains unclear.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru prevence a kontrola patologie MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy * MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny patologie MeSH
- mikrometastázy * patologie MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku * patologie diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- terciární prevence metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
BACKGROUND: In cervical cancer, presence of lymph-node macrometastases (MAC) is a major prognostic factor and an indication for adjuvant treatment. However, since clinical impact of micrometastases (MIC) and isolated tumor-cells (ITC) remains controversial, we sought to identify a cut-off value for the metastasis size not associated with negative prognosis. METHODS: We analyzed data from 967 cervical cancer patients (T1a1L1-T2b) registered in the SCCAN (Surveillance in Cervical CANcer) database, who underwent primary surgical treatment, including sentinel lymph-node (SLN) biopsy with pathological ultrastaging. The size of SLN metastasis was considered a continuous variable and multiple testing was performed for cut-off values of 0.01-1.0 mm. Disease-free survival (DFS) was compared between N0 and subgroups of N1 patients defined by cut-off ranges. RESULTS: LN metastases were found in 172 (18%) patients, classified as MAC, MIC, and ITC in 79, 54, and 39 patients, respectively. DFS was shorter in patients with MAC (HR 2.20, P = 0.003) and MIC (HR 2.87, P < 0.001), while not differing between MAC/MIC (P = 0.484). DFS in the ITC subgroup was neither different from N0 (P = 0.127) nor from MIC/MAC subgroups (P = 0.449). Cut-off analysis revealed significantly shorter DFS compared to N0 in all subgroups with metastases ≥0.4 mm (HR 2.311, P = 0.04). The significance of metastases <0.4 mm could not be assessed due to limited statistical power (<80%). We did not identify any cut-off for the size of metastasis with significantly better prognosis than the rest of N1 group. CONCLUSIONS: In cervical cancer patients, the presence of LN metastases ≥0.4 mm was associated with a significant negative impact on DFS and no cut-off value for the size of metastasis with better prognosis than N1 was found. Traditional metastasis stratification based on size has no clinical implication.
- MeSH
- biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy patologie MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny patologie MeSH
- mikrometastázy patologie MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku * chirurgie patologie MeSH
- nádory prsu * patologie MeSH
- sentinelová uzlina * patologie MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The etiology of inferior oncologic outcomes associated with minimally invasive surgery for early-stage cervical cancer remains unknown. Manipulation of lymph nodes with previously unrecognized low-volume disease might explain this finding. We re-analyzed lymph nodes by pathologic ultrastaging in node-negative patients who recurred in the LACC (Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer) trial. METHODS: Included patients were drawn from the LACC trial database, had negative lymph nodes on routine pathologic evaluation, and recurred to the abdomen and/or pelvis. Patients without recurrence or without available lymph node tissue were excluded. Paraffin tissue blocks and slides from all lymph nodes removed by lymphadenectomy were re-analyzed per standard ultrastaging protocol aimed at the detection of micrometastases (>0.2 mm and ≤2 mm) and isolated tumor cells (clusters up to 0.2 mm or <200 cells). RESULTS: The study included 20 patients with median age of 42 (range 30-68) years. Most patients were randomized to minimally invasive surgery (90%), had squamous cell carcinoma (65%), FIGO 2009 stage 1B1 (95%), grade 2 (60%) disease, had no adjuvant treatment (75%), and had a single site of recurrence (55%), most commonly at the vaginal cuff (45%). Only one patient had pelvic sidewall recurrence in the absence of other disease sites. The median number of lymph nodes analyzed per patient was 18.5 (range 4-32) for a total of 412 lymph nodes. A total of 621 series and 1242 slides were reviewed centrally by the ultrastaging protocol. No metastatic disease of any size was found in any lymph node. CONCLUSIONS: There were no lymph node low-volume metastases among patients with initially negative lymph nodes who recurred in the LACC trial. Therefore, it is unlikely that manipulation of lymph nodes containing clinically undetected metastases is the underlying cause of the higher local recurrence risk in the minimally invasive arm of the LACC trial.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfadenektomie MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy patologie MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny patologie MeSH
- mikrometastázy patologie MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku * patologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Zhoubné nádory štítné žlázy jsou vzácná nádorová onemocnění. V endokrinologii však patří k největší skupině nádorových onemocnění (tvoří okolo 90 % nádorů).1 Diagnostika a léčba zhoubných nádorů štítné žlázy je mezioborová. Kromě endokrinologa, odborníka v oboru nukleární medicíny, chirurga, radiologa a radiačního onkologa se v posledních letech podílí na diagnostice i léčbě těchto zhoubných nádorů klinický onkolog, molekulární biolog a genetik. V roce 1993 byla objevena příčina familiární formy medulárního karcinomu – aktivující mutace protoonkogenu RET (REarranged during Transfection).2 Objev vedl k rozvoji nových diagnostických a terapeutických postupů, umožnil profylaktický screening v postižených rodinách.
Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland are rare diseases. In endocrinology, however, it belongs to the largest group of cancer diseases (about 90% tumors). Diagnosis and treatment is interdisciplinary. In addition to an endocrinologist, a nuclear medicine specialist, a surgeon, a radiologist and a radiation oncologist, a molecular biologist and a geneticist have been involved in the diagnosis and treatment of this cancer in recent years. In 1993, the cause of familial forms of medullary carcinoma was discovered - an activating mutation of the RET (REarranged during Transfection) proto-oncogene. The discovery led to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, enabled prophylactic screening in affected families.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- cytostatické látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- hormony štítné žlázy terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibitory tyrosinkinasy terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- mikrometastázy MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádory štítné žlázy * diagnostické zobrazování klasifikace terapie MeSH
- protoonkogeny genetika MeSH
- radioizotopy jodu terapeutické užití MeSH
- týmová péče o pacienty MeSH
OBJECTIVE: In order to define the clinical significance of low-volume metastasis, a comprehensive meta-analysis of published data and individual data obtained from articles mentioning micrometastases (MIC) and isolated tumor cells (ITC) in cervical cancer was performed, with a follow up of at least 3 years. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, following Cochrane's review methods guide and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The primary outcome was the disease-free survival (DFS), and the secondary outcome was the overall survival (OS). The hazard ratio (HR) was taken as the measure of the association between the low-volume metastases (MIC+ITC and MIC alone) and DFS or OS; it quantified the hazard of an event in the MIC (+/- ITC) group compared to the hazard in node-negative (N0) patients. A random-effect meta-analysis model using the inverse variance method was selected for pooling. Forest plots were used to display the HRs and risk differences within individual trials and overall. RESULTS: Eleven articles were finally retained for the meta-analysis. In the analysis of DFS in patients with low-volume metastasis (MIC + ITC), the HR was increased to 2.60 (1.55-4.34) in the case of low-volume metastasis vs. N0. The presence of MICs had a negative prognostic impact, with an HR of 4.10 (2.71-6.20) compared to N0. Moreover, this impact was worse than that of MIC pooled with ITCs. Concerning OS, the meta-analysis shows an HR of 5.65 (2.81-11.39) in the case of low-volume metastases vs. N0. The presence of MICs alone had a negative effect, with an HR of 6.94 (2.56-18.81). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the presence of MIC seems to be associated with a negative impact on both the DFS and OS and should be treated as MAC.
- MeSH
- adenokarcinom patologie terapie MeSH
- biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny patologie MeSH
- mikrometastázy patologie MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku patologie terapie MeSH
- přežití po terapii bez příznaků nemoci MeSH
- sentinelová uzlina patologie MeSH
- spinocelulární karcinom patologie terapie MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- tumor burden MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
PURPOSE: The Groningen International Study on Sentinel nodes in Vulvar cancer (GROINSS-V)-II investigated whether inguinofemoral radiotherapy is a safe alternative to inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (IFL) in vulvar cancer patients with a metastatic sentinel node (SN). METHODS: GROINSS-V-II was a prospective multicenter phase-II single-arm treatment trial, including patients with early-stage vulvar cancer (diameter < 4 cm) without signs of lymph node involvement at imaging, who had primary surgical treatment (local excision with SN biopsy). Where the SN was involved (metastasis of any size), inguinofemoral radiotherapy was given (50 Gy). The primary end point was isolated groin recurrence rate at 24 months. Stopping rules were defined for the occurrence of groin recurrences. RESULTS: From December 2005 until October 2016, 1,535 eligible patients were registered. The SN showed metastasis in 322 (21.0%) patients. In June 2010, with 91 SN-positive patients included, the stopping rule was activated because the isolated groin recurrence rate in this group went above our predefined threshold. Among 10 patients with an isolated groin recurrence, nine had SN metastases > 2 mm and/or extracapsular spread. The protocol was amended so that those with SN macrometastases (> 2 mm) underwent standard of care (IFL), whereas patients with SN micrometastases (≤ 2 mm) continued to receive inguinofemoral radiotherapy. Among 160 patients with SN micrometastases, 126 received inguinofemoral radiotherapy, with an ipsilateral isolated groin recurrence rate at 2 years of 1.6%. Among 162 patients with SN macrometastases, the isolated groin recurrence rate at 2 years was 22% in those who underwent radiotherapy, and 6.9% in those who underwent IFL (P = .011). Treatment-related morbidity after radiotherapy was less frequent compared with IFL. CONCLUSION: Inguinofemoral radiotherapy is a safe alternative for IFL in patients with SN micrometastases, with minimal morbidity. For patients with SN macrometastasis, radiotherapy with a total dose of 50 Gy resulted in more isolated groin recurrences compared with IFL.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dávka záření * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfadenektomie * škodlivé účinky mortalita MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy MeSH
- mikrometastázy MeSH
- nádory vulvy mortalita patologie terapie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sentinelová uzlina patologie účinky záření chirurgie MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- webové vysílání MeSH
Cíl studie: Shrnutí současné evidence o významu sentinelové uzliny u pacientek s karcinomem děložního hrdla. Typ studie: Přehledový článek. Název a sídlo pracoviště: Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika VFN a 1. LF UK Praha. Metodika: Byla provedena systematická rešerše recenzovaných článků stěžejních periodik a vědeckých týmů věnujících se problematice. Využita byla databáze PubMed s klíčovými slovy a zhodnocena osobní kontinuální klinická zkušenost s managementem pacientek s karcinomem děložního hrdla pomocí biopsie sentinelové uzliny. Výsledky: Biopsie sentinelové uzliny má své pevné místo v managementu pacientek s časným karcinomem děložního hrdla. Jedná se o metodu s vysokou úspěšností detekce v rukou zkušeného operatéra, s vysokou senzitivitou a nízkou falešnou negativitou pro stav pánevních uzlin. Intraoperační vyšetření sentinelové uzliny je málo přesné, mine až polovinu všech metastáz. Definitivní extenzivní patologické zpracování pomocí protokolu pro ultrastaging detekuje navíc zhruba 10 % pacientek s malými metastázami, tzv. mikrometástázami, které by jinak byly považovány za uzlinově negativní. Data o prognostickém významu mikrometastatického postižení sentinelové uzliny jsou limitována, současně existuje narůstající evidence o negativním vlivu mikrometastázy na parametry přežití a tyto pacientky by měly mít identický management jako ty s makrometastázou. Závěr: Současným doporučeným postupem chirurgické léčby pacientek s časným karcinomem děložního hrdla je biopsie sentinelové uzliny společně se systematickou pánevní lymfadenektomií. Otázku onkologické bezpečnosti méně radikálního přístupu spočívajícího jen v biopsii sentinelové uzliny odpoví právě probíhající prospektivní onkologické studie.
Objective: Summary of current evidence about sentinel lymph node concept in early stages cervical cancer. Design: Review. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, General University Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague. Methods: First, a comprehensive search of a peer-reviewed journals in gynaecological oncology was conducted based on a wide range of key words used in PubMed database. Second, the reference section for each article found was searched in order to find additional articles. Third, extensive personal clinical and scientifical experience with sentinel lymph node concept in cervical cancer was utilized. Results: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is routinely used in the management of early stages cervical cancer with high detection rate in skilled surgeon's hands. It has high sensitivity and low false negative rate. The intraoperative sentinel lymph node examination (i.e. frozen section) has low accuracy because it fails to detect about half of cases with lymph node involvement. Final pathological examination with intensive protocol for ultrastaging detects additional 10% of patients with small metastases (i.e. micrometastasis), who would be otherwise missed. There are limited data about the importance of micrometastasis involvement in sentinel lymph node; there is also growing evidence about negative prognostic impact and patients with micrometastasis should be managed with the same criteria as patients with macrometastasis. Conclusion: Sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by full pelvic lymph node dissection is currently standard of care until ongoing prospective trials answer question about oncological safety of less radical surgical approach with sentinel lymph node biopsy only.
- Klíčová slova
- intraoperační vyšetření,
- MeSH
- biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny * MeSH
- chybná diagnóza MeSH
- falešně negativní reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrometastázy diagnóza MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku * diagnóza MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- sentinelová uzlina MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Utilisation of the one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) molecular biology method for the detection of the metastatic involvement of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in endometrial cancer (EC) patients. A comparison with histopathological ultrastaging and a description of the clinical consequences. METHODS: Surgically treated EC patients underwent detection of SLNs. Nodes greater than 5 mm were cut into sections 2-mm thick parallel to the short axis of the node. Odd sections were examined according to the OSNA method, while even ones according to an appropriate ultrastaging protocol. Nodes less than or equal to 5 mm were cut into halves along the longitudinal axis with one half examined according to the OSNA method and the other half by ultrastaging. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients were included and 135 SLNs were acquired. Both ultrastaging and OSNA agreed on 116 results. According to the OSNA method, 20.69% more patients were classified into International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III. When comparing the results of the OSNA method to the conclusions of ultrastaging as a reference method, sensitivity of 90.9%, specificity of 85.5% and concordance of 85.9% were attained. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the OSNA method showed a higher frequency of detection of micrometastases and included 20.69% more patients into FIGO stage III.
- MeSH
- adenokarcinom z jasných buněk genetika sekundární chirurgie MeSH
- biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- keratin-19 genetika MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy MeSH
- mikrometastázy MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery genetika MeSH
- nádory endometria genetika patologie chirurgie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- nukleové kyseliny analýza genetika MeSH
- peroperační doba MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sentinelová uzlina patologie chirurgie MeSH
- serózní cystadenokarcinom genetika sekundární chirurgie MeSH
- techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been increasingly used in the management of early-stages cervical cancer instead of systematic pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND). The aim of this article is to give a critical overview of key aspects related to this concept, such as a necessity for reliable detection of micrometastases (MIC) in SLN and the requirements for SLN pathologic ultrastaging, low accuracy of intraoperative detection of SLN involvement, and still a limited evidence of oncological safety of the replacement of PLND by SLN biopsy only in ≥IB1 tumours due to unknown risk of MIC in non-SLN pelvic lymph nodes in patients with negative SLN, and absence of any prospective evidence.
