- MeSH
- Antidepressive Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Antipsychotic Agents administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Atomoxetine Hydrochloride administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Mutism diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Child Behavior Disorders diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Psychosocial Intervention methods MeSH
- Psychotherapy methods MeSH
- Psychotropic Drugs administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Reactive Attachment Disorder diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Tic Disorders diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Anxiety, Separation diagnosis etiology psychology therapy MeSH
- Anxiety Disorders diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
ADHD je nejčastější duševní poruchou v dětském věku. Aktuální studie uvádějí výskyt u 5 až 10 % populace. Jedná se o skupinu vývojových poruch, projevující se v menší či větší míře ve všech oblastech života dítěte, ale i jeho okolí. Jde o poruchu vyznačující se nadměrnou aktivitou, nepozorností a impulsivitou. Vyznačuje se rozmanitou symptomatologií, různou etiologií a nejednotným vývojem a je modelovou poruchou pro interakci mezi faktory genetickými, neurobiologickými a zevními epigenetickými. Porucha je dle současných poznatků celoživotní a v případě, že je neléčena, může i podstatným způsobem ovlivnit nejen celý život svého nositele, ale i jeho okolí. ADHD je velmi často asociováno s jinými duševními poruchami nebo jejich symptomy. Mezi specifické komorbidity v dětství patří poruchy chování, eventuálně chování, které bývá hodnoceno jako agresivní. Přestože se jedná o pravděpodobně principiálně odlišné skupiny symptomů a poruch, v praxi mohou být tyto zaměňovány. Laická veřejnost si pak může zvýšené agresivní projevy mylně s ADHD spojovat. Předkládaný článek shrnuje aktuální poznatky o možných projevech agresivního a antisociálního chování u dětí s ADHD.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed childhood psychiatric disorders, with prevalence 5-10% in general population. This developmental disorder is manifested in every part of children´s behavior and it is characterized by inadequate level of attention, excessive activity and impulsivity. ADHD is a complex disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors, characterized by various symptomatology, etiology and heterogeneous development. It is a model disorder for combination of interaction of genetic, neurobiological and environmental factors. According to the current knowledge, the disorder is lifelong and in case it is untreated it can significantly influence not only the life of its wearer but also its surroundings. ADHD is very often associated with other mental disorders or their symptoms. Specific comorbidities in childhood include behavioral disorders, or behavior that is not rated as aggressive. Although these are probably fundamentally different groups of symptoms and disorders, in practice these may be confused, the lay public may then mistake increased aggressive symptoms with ADHD. The present article summarizes current knowledge of possible manifestations of aggressive and dissocial behavior in children with ADHD.
- MeSH
- Aggression * MeSH
- Antisocial Personality Disorder MeSH
- Behavior MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity * diagnosis complications MeSH
- Impulsive Behavior MeSH
- Comorbidity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Child Behavior Disorders MeSH
- Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders * diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Signs and Symptoms MeSH
- Social Behavior * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
Etiology of dissocial/antisocial behaviours in children and adolescents has been of concern since time immemorial. Various attempts have been made to classify and establish factors that causes them. They are widely classified as Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct disorders (CD). The aim of this article is to offer an overview of the present understanding of ODD and CD, examine symptomatic differences between the two disorders as well as social factors that cause them. A narrative approach is used in reviewing and describing current literature on these social factors based on three thematic areas: Child deficit factors, Family factors and Environmental factors. We found social factors that cause these behavioural problems to be family composition, mental health status of their parents, marital conflicts, nature of the relationship between parents and their children, parenting styles, peer influence, and problematic neighbourhoods. We conclude that social factors contribute to the development of dissocial/antisocial behavioural problems in children and adolescents.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders * diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Child Behavior Disorders etiology MeSH
- Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders * diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Social Behavior Disorders etiology MeSH
- Family MeSH
- Social Environment MeSH
- Parent-Child Relations MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis rehabilitation therapy MeSH
- Comorbidity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders diagnosis rehabilitation therapy MeSH
- Primary Health Care methods MeSH
- Propylamines therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Practice Guideline MeSH
- MeSH
- Reflex, Abnormal * MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Kinesics MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neurologic Examination methods MeSH
- Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders * diagnosis MeSH
- Posture MeSH
- Developmental Disabilities * diagnosis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Impulsivní a hyperaktivní chování souvisí s dysfunkcí centrální serotoninové aktivity a výsledky nedávných studií uvádějí možný vztah mezi polymorfismy genu pro serotoninový přenašeč (SLC6A4) a hyperkinetickou poruchou/ADHD. Soubor: Do souboru bylo zařazeno 90 chlapců s hyperkinetickou poruchou v průměrném věku 9,97 roku (SD = 1,66) a kontrolní skupinu tvořilo 82 chlapců ze základních škol. Metodika: Diagnóza byla stanovena dle kritérií ICD 10 a pomocí škál Connersové (Dotazníku pro rodiče CPQ Children Parent Questionnaire a Dotazníku pro učitele CTQ - Conners Teacher Rating Scale). K hodnocení pozornosti byl použit Test diskriminace tvarů, pro impulsivitu test TENAZO a počítačová sestava Neurobehavioral evaluation systém (NES 2). Detekce délkového polymorfismu VNTR genu SLC6A4 byla provedena pomocí fragmentační analýzy na přístroji Genetic Analyzer 3130. Výsledky byly vyhodnoceny v softwaru GeneMapper (Applied Biosystems). Výsledky: Kratší alela S a genotyp SS se signifikantně častěji (P < 0,01) vyskytovaly u chlapců s hyperkinetickou poruchou ve srovnání s kontrolní skupinou (Risk Ratio = 1,2673, 95% CI of RR = 1,0684 to 1,5032, Odds Ratio = 1, 843; 95% CI of OR =1,1863 to 2,8631). Závěr: Lze předpokládat, že dysregulace 5-HT systému může ovlivňovat vývoj emoční a behaviorální regulace u dětí s hyperkinetickou poruchou a více odráží symptomatologii pro hyperkinetické poruchy dle kritérií MKN-10 než užší spektrum symptomů pro ADHD dle DSM-IV. V souladu s údaji v literatuře výskyt alely S a genotypu SS hypoteticky může disponovat tyto jedince k výskytu vysoce frekventních komorbidních úzkostných poruch.
Impulsive and hyperactive behavior is related to a central serotonin dysfunction and the results of recent studies indicate the possible relationship between polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) and hyperkinetic disorder/ADHD. Sample: The sample included 90 boys with ADHD and the control group consisted of 82 boys. Method: The diagnosis was based on the ICD-10 criteria and the Conners' Parent Rating Scales. Attention was evaluated using the Shape Discrimination Test; TE-NA-ZO (Familiar Figures Finding Test) was used for impulsivity measures and a computerized set of Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES-2) was used for evaluation of both. The detection of the VNTR length polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene was done using the fragment analysis on capillary sequencing instrument. The GeneMapper software was used for results analysis. Results: The short S-allele and the SS-genotype was significantly more frequently (P < 0.01) found in boys with hyperkinetic disorder compared to the control group. The results show a relationship between hyperkinetic disorder and the short alleles in contrast to studies published so far. Conclusion: It may be hypothesized that dysregulation in the 5-HT system could mainly influence the development of emotional and behavioral regulation in children with hyperkinetic disorder and reflects the symptomatology of hyperkinetic disorders as defined in ICD-10 rather than the narrower spectrum of symptoms of ADHD defined in DSM-IV. In compliance with previously published data the presence of the S-allele and the S/S-genotype may hypothetically make these individuals prone to a high prevalence of co-morbid anxiety disorders.
- Keywords
- děti, anxieta, serotoninový transportér, SLC6A4 gen,
- MeSH
- Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics MeSH
- Genotype * MeSH
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity * epidemiology etiology genetics MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length * genetics MeSH
- Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders * diagnosis genetics MeSH
- Receptors, Serotonin * genetics MeSH
- Anxiety Disorders * genetics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Child Psychiatry methods MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Drug Therapy methods utilization MeSH
- Comorbidity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methylphenidate pharmacology adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MeSH
- Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders diagnosis psychology therapy MeSH
- Propylamines adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Psychotherapy methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
Článek se zabývá problémovým chováním u dospívajících, konkrétně vybranými třemi poruchami – poruchami chování, hyperkinetickými poruchami a poruchami vyvolanými užíváním psychoaktivních látek. Jsou zmíněna diagnostická kritéria jednotlivých poruch, jejich vzájemné odlišení i společné znaky, jejich projevy v adolescenci a základní algoritmy jejich léčby.
The synopsis deals with problem behavior in adolescents, particularly with three selected disorders – conduct disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse related disorders. The diagnostic criteria of the particular disorders, distinction of individual disorders and their common features, their symptoms and basic therapeutic algorithms are discussed.
- MeSH
- Adolescent Behavior MeSH
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Conduct Disorder diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Social Behavior Disorders classification MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders classification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Comorbidity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methylphenidate pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders diagnosis classification therapy MeSH
- Signs and Symptoms MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
