OBJECTIVES: To our knowledge, this study is the first in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to investigate the prevalence of child maltreatment in relation to depressive symptoms and self-esteem. STUDY DESIGN: Exposure to physical maltreatment, emotional abuse and neglect was evaluated in 518 adolescents (86% response rate) randomly selected from schools in Al Ain in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to measure self-esteem and depressive symptoms by using multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The mean age of study participants was 14.3 years. Emotional abuse was the most frequent form of maltreatment (33.9%), physical abuse (12.6%) and neglect (12.1%) followed. Male sex was a positive predictor of physical abuse (OR = 2.12; 95% CI 1.18-3.77), whilst higher maternal level of education was protective (OR = 0.40; 95% CI 0.19-0.86). Daily screen time (OR = 2.77; 95% CI 1.17-6.56) and tobacco smoking (OR = 1.86; 95% CI 1.09-3.18) positively predicted emotional abuse. Emotionally maltreated and neglected participants were less likely to report high level of self-esteem and more likely to report symptoms of depression. CONCLUSIONS: Child maltreatment in the UAE is of a similar magnitude to what reported in other countries around the world and significantly associated with low self-esteem and depressive symptoms.

• MeSH
• Depression epidemiology   psychology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Self Concept * MeSH
• Child Abuse psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• United Arab Emirates MeSH

BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma is considered to be a risk factor for developing anxiety as well as chronic pain. The aim of this study was to assess the association between childhood trauma and reporting anxiety and long-term pain conditions in the general and clinical populations. METHODS: Respondents from a representative sample in the Czech Republic (n = 1800, mean age: 46.6 years, 48.7% male) and patients with a clinically diagnosed anxiety or adjustment disorder (n = 67, mean age: 40.5 years, 18.0% male) were asked to report anxiety, various chronic and pain-related conditions, and childhood trauma (The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ) in a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey conducted in 2016 and 2017. RESULTS: Reporting emotional abuse (Odds ratio OR from 2.14 to 14.71), emotional neglect (OR from 2.42 to 10.99), or physical neglect (OR from 2.24 to 3.30) was associated with reporting anxiety and long-term pain both in the general and clinical populations and reporting physical abuse moreover with reporting anxiety or adjustment disorder with concurrent long-term pain (OR from 4.04 to 6.39). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the relevance of childhood trauma as a possible factor contributing to anxiety with concurrent pain conditions in adulthood in both the general and clinical populations.

• MeSH
• Chronic Pain epidemiology   etiology   psychology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Anxiety etiology   psychology   MeSH
• Child Abuse statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Výsledky výskumu o prevalencii jednotlivých foriem syndrómu CAN, fyzického a psychického týrania, zanedbávania a sexuálneho zneužívania detí na Slovensku. Autor hľadá príčiny a súvislosti medzi prejavmi syndrómu CAN a istými charakteristikami rodiny, najmä rodičov, ale aj školského prostredia.

• MeSH
• Violence statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Child Advocacy MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Family Relations MeSH
• Social Problems MeSH
• Child Abuse psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

• Conspectus
• Sociální problémy vyžadující podporu a pomoc. Sociální zabezpečení
• NML Fields
• pediatrie
• sociologie
• psychologie, klinická psychologie
• NML Publication type
• studie

Cieľom štúdie bolo overiť psychometrické vlastnosti českého prekladu CTQ (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) na reprezentatívnej vzorke dospelých obyvateľov Českej republiky (ČR) a posúdiť sociodemografické rozdiely v jednotlivých podtypoch traumatizácie v rôznych skupinách obyvateľstva. Metódy. V rámci výskumnej štúdie na reprezentatívnej vzorke obyvateľstva ČR (N = 1000, priemerný vek 46,0; 48,6 % mužov) boli zozbierané údaje nástroja CTQ. Na popis dát boli použité mediány a kvartily, na testovanie rozdielov v skupinách boli použité neparametrické testy. Dimenzionálna štruktúra dotazníku bola testovaná exploračnou a konfirmačnou faktorovou analýzou. Výsledky. Nástroj CTQ je možné považovať za validný sebaposudzovací nástroj pre dospelých na retrospektívne zisťovanie traumatizácie v detstve v českom kultúrnom kontexte. Exploračná a konfirmačná faktorová analýza ukázali vhodnosť pôvodného 5-faktorového riešenia. Na potvrdenie konvergentnej validity boli použité škály úzkostnosti a vyhýbavosti z dotazníka ECR-R (Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised) a škála neuroticizmu z BFI-44 (Big Five Inventory). Vnútorná konzistencia subškál CTQ bola výborná (s Cronbachovým α v rozmedzí 0,82 až 0,92), okrem škály fyzického zanedbávania (α= 0,64). V reprezentatívnej vzorke obyvateľstva ČR bolo podľa empiricky odvodených prahových hodnôt zistené u 20,2 % respondentov emocionálne týranie (EA), u 18 % fyzické týranie (PA), u 9,7 % sexuálne zneužívanie (SA), u 15,6 % emocionálne zanedbávanie (EN) a u 37,2 % fyzické zanedbávanie (PN). U 24,5 % obyvateľstva bol prítomný aspoň jeden typ traumatizácie a u 23,8 % traumatizácia viacerými typmi traumy. U ľudí žijúcich osamelo bol signifikantne vyšší výskyt EA, EN a PN. Obyvatelia s dosiahnutým základným vzdelaním mali signifikantne vyšší výskyt EN a PN v porovnaní s ľuďmi s vyšším typom vzdelania. Výskyt SA bol významne asociovaný s životom osamote a dosiahnutým základným vzdelaním. Invalidita bola signifikantne spojená s výskytom EA. Jednotlivé subškály CTQ medzi sebou stredne korelovali. Limity. Limitom štúdie je spôsob zberu údajov. Štandardizované interview mohlo ovplyvniť odpovedanie na citlivé položky sociálne želateľným smerom.

Objective. The aim of the study was to verify psychometric properties of the Czech version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in a representative sample of the Czech Republic and to assess sociodemographic differences in various types of trauma across different groups of the Czech population. Methods. A cross-sectional study (N=1000, mean age 46.0, 48.6 % men) collected data using the CTQ. Medians and quartiles were used to assess the data, non-parametric tests were used to test the differences between groups. The dimensional structure was tested by confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Results. All subscales of the CTQ correlated moderately. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed the suitability of the original 5-factor solution. The internal consistency of the CTQ subscales was very good (α ranged from .817 to .922), except physical neglect with questionable consistency (α= .642). According to the empirically derived cut off score, emotional abuse (EA) was found in 20.2 %, physical abuse (PA) in 18 %, sexual abuse (SA) in 9.7%, emotional neglect (EN) in 15.6 % and physical neglect (PN) in 37.2% of the Czech population, with 24.5 % of respondents with one type of trauma experience and 23.8% with multiplex traumatisation. People living alone had a significantly higher occurrence of EA, EN and PN. People with primary school education had a significantly higher occurrence of EN and PN compared to those with higher education. Disability was significantly associated with the occurrence of EA. The incidence of SA was significantly associated with living alone and achieved primary education. Limitations. Data collection method (a standardised face to face interview) could affect the social desirability of answers as well as sensitivity to emotionally demanding items.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders diagnosis   epidemiology   classification   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires classification   MeSH
• Psychometrics methods   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Child Abuse, Sexual * psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
• Child Abuse * psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Self Report statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Persons with Psychiatric Disorders MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Violence psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Crime Victims * psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Alcohol Drinking adverse effects   MeSH
• Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic etiology   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Child Abuse prevention & control   psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Health Facilities utilization   MeSH
• Child Abuse prevention & control   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH

A handbook to support the creation of a surveillance system to measure and monitor the prevalence of child maltreatment across European countries. For policy-makers, researchers, social workers, personnel and international organisations focused on child protection.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• International Cooperation MeSH
• Violence prevention & control   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Child Advocacy MeSH
• Data Collection methods   MeSH
• Social Welfare MeSH
• Child Health MeSH
• Health Policy MeSH
• Child Abuse prevention & control   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Publication type
• Handbook MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH

• Conspectus
• Sociální problémy vyžadující podporu a pomoc. Sociální zabezpečení
• NML Fields
• pediatrie
• sociologie
• NML Publication type
• publikace WHO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Child maltreatment, i.e. abuse and neglect, is a significant problem worldwide and can cause impaired physical and mental health throughout life. The true extent still remains unknown in all countries, including Turkey. The aim of this study was to apply the two versions of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool of ICAST-C and ICAST-P, which are used to assess child and parent feedback and to compare reports given by children and those given by parents. This is the first study of its kind conducted in Turkey. METHODS: First, ICAST was translated into Turkish by bilingual experts. Students and their parents were asked to complete ICAST-C and ICAST-P respectively, with the help of trained researchers. In total, data from 2,608 matched reports (2,608 children and 2,608 parents) was obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate demographical variables, and chi-square tests were employed to investigate the statistical significance of comparisons. RESULTS: The present study demonstrated that Turkish parents consider rebukes, insults and corporal punishment effective ways of disciplining children. According to parents' reports, the use of psychological abuse was most prevalent against boys aged 16, while the use of physical abuse was most prevalent against boys aged 13. A statistically significant relationship was found between parents' economic conditions and child abuse (p<0.01). No significant relationship was detected between maternal educational levels and child abuse (p>0.05). However, the relationship between paternal educationalBACKGROUND and psychological abuse was observed to be significant (p<0.05). A comparison of children's and parents' reports shows that parents tended to under-report child maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that there is a significant healthcare problem in Turkey, since child maltreatment is prevalent, but parents are not generally aware of its extent. Possible approaches to changing this situation include efforts to increase education levels, promoting public awareness, and strengthening political commitments.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Prevalence MeSH
• Parent-Child Relations MeSH
• Child Abuse statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Self Report * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Turkey epidemiology   MeSH

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Child Abuse, Sexual * prevention & control   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Child Abuse * prevention & control   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Newspaper Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Východisko. Cílem studie je zjistit, zda se ženy v dětství týrané lišily zdravotně, psychicky a sociálně od žen netýraných a zda se chovaly násilně ke svým dětem. Materiál a metoda. V souboru 3848 nastávajících matek brněnské části souboru ELSPAC bylo v mládí týráno 48,3 %, netýráno 51,7 % respondentek. Práce srovnává údaje z jejich dotazníků za tato čtyři období: za dobu do narození dětí, od 6 do jejich 18 měsíců, od 18 měsíců do tří let a od 3 do pěti let. Údaje charakterizují zdravotní, sociální a psychickou situaci žen a jejich rodin. Děvčata z obou srovnávaných skupin pocházela z rodin sociálně-ekonomicky podobných a podobné si byly později i jejich vlastní rodiny. Avšak rodiče týraných děvčat měli horší zdraví a nestabilnější rodinné vztahy s vyšším výskytem konfliktů než rodiče netýraných. Výsledky. Týraná děvčata měla ve srovnání s netýranými horší zdraví i psychickou kondici, méně zdravé partnery i děti, slabší sociální opory, častější frustrace i stresy a konfliktnější partnerské vztahy s vyšší hladinou vzájemného násilí. Jako matky se ke svým dětem chovaly s výrazně častější fyzickou hrubostí i psychickou krutostí. Uvedené nálezy se opakovaly konzistentně ve všech čtyřech časových úrovních studie. Závěr. Vztahy ve vlastních rodinách týraných žen se podobaly vztahům v jejich původních rodinách, byly horší než v rodinách netýraných žen. Ženy týrané v dětství opakovaly na svých dětech chování, které praktikovali jejich rodiče na nich. Násilí na dětech se přenáší z jedné generace do druhé a roste od jejich nejútlejšího věku.

Background: The aim of the study is to find out whether women maltreated in childhood were different health-wise, psychologically and socially from the women who were not maltreated and whether they were violent toward their own children. Material and methods: In the study sample of 3848 mothers-to-be included in the Brno part of the ELSPAC study, 48,3 % were maltreated in their youth, 51,7 % were not maltreated. The presented paper compares data provided in their questionnaires regarding these four periods: the period of time until the birth of their children, the period from 6 months till 18 months of age, period from 18 months till three years of age and last period from three till five years of age of their children. The acquired data characterize health, social and psychological situation of the women and their families. Girls from both compared groups came from families with similar socio-economical backgrounds and also their own families later in their lives were similar. However health of the maltreated girls‘ parents was worse and their family relationships less stable with higher frequency of conflicts when compared to the situation of non-maltreated girls‘ parents. Results: Similarly, the maltreated girls‘ health and psychological condition was worse, their partners‘ and children’s health was also worse, their social support was weaker, frustrations and stresses more frequent, their partner relationships with higher level of conflicts and mutual violence. As mothers, they themselves acted towards their children with distinctively more frequent physical coarseness and psychological cruelty. These findings repeated consistently throughout all four timeline levels of the study. Conclusion: The relationships in the maltreated women’s own families were similar to the relationships in their original families, comparably worse than in the families of non-maltreated women. Women maltreated in their childhood repeated the same behavior toward their own children that their parents had towards them. Violence on children is transferred from one generation to the next and develops from their youngest age.

• Keywords
• týrané ženy, týrané děti, partnerská hostilita, psychická kondice,
• MeSH
• Aggression psychology   MeSH
• Human Characteristics MeSH
• Family Characteristics MeSH
• Domestic Violence psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Mental Disorders etiology   MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Incidence MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Marriage psychology   MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Odds Ratio MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Resilience, Psychological MeSH
• Stress, Psychological MeSH
• Psychosocial Deprivation MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Parenting psychology   MeSH
• Family psychology   MeSH
• Family Relations MeSH
• Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Punishment psychology   MeSH
• Child Rearing psychology   MeSH
• Parent-Child Relations MeSH
• Family Health MeSH
• Women's Health statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Child Abuse psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Tables MeSH