OBJECTIVE: To obtain information on the transport of carbamazepine and its active metabolite carbamazepine-epoxide from mother to colostrum and breastfed newborns. METHODS: In this cohort study, carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide concentrations in maternal serum (162 women), milk (i.e., colostrum) and breastfed newborn serum were analysed between the 1st and 5th days after delivery from November 1990 to February 2021. The measured concentrations were compared with the delivery and mature milk periods. The effect of the combination with both enzyme-inducing antiseizure medication and valproic acid was also evaluated. RESULTS: Carbamazepine concentrations varied from 1.0 to 11.2 mg/L (epoxide 0.3-4.4 mg/L) in maternal serum, from 0.5 to 6.8 mg/L (epoxide 0.3-2.4 mg/L) in milk and from 0.5 to 4.7 mg/L (epoxide 0.3-1.7 mg/L) in newborn serum. The median milk/maternal serum concentration ratio of carbamazepine was 0.45 (epoxide 0.71), the median newborn/maternal serum concentration ratio of carbamazepine was 0.20 (epoxide 0.41), and the median newborn serum/milk concentration ratio of carbamazepine was 0.38 (epoxide 0.50). A highly significant correlation was found between the milk and maternal serum concentrations of both carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide and between the milk and newborn serum concentrations of carbamazepine. CONCLUSIONS: In the serum of breastfed newborns, only one concentration of carbamazepine reached the reference range used for the general epileptic population, and more than half was below the lower limit of quantification. Routine monitoring of serum carbamazepine concentrations is not required in breastfed newborns. However, observation of newborns is desirable, and if signs of potential adverse reactions are noted, the serum concentrations in newborns should be measured.

• MeSH
• antikonvulziva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• benzodiazepiny farmakologie   MeSH
• epoxidové sloučeniny farmakologie   MeSH
• karbamazepin MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kojení * MeSH
• kolostrum metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko metabolismus   MeSH
• matky * MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Breast milk is a complex mixture containing underexplored bioactive lipids. We performed an observational case-control study to compare the impact of delivery mode: caesarean section (CS) and vaginal birth (VB); and term (preterm and term delivery) on the levels of lipokines in human milk at different stages of lactation. Metabolomic analysis of the milk identified triacylglycerol estolides as a metabolic reservoir of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediator 5-palmitic acid ester of hydroxystearic acid (5-PAHSA). We found that triacylglycerol estolides were substrates of carboxyl ester lipase and 5-PAHSA-containing lipids were the least preferred substrates among tested triacylglycerol estolide isomers. This explained exceptionally high colostrum levels of 5-PAHSA in the VB group. CS and preterm birth negatively affected colostrum lipidome, including 5-PAHSA levels, but the lipidomic profiles normalized in mature milk. Mothers delivering term babies vaginally produce colostrum rich in 5-PAHSA, which could contribute to the prevention of intestinal inflammation in newborns.

• MeSH
• císařský řez MeSH
• estery metabolismus   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kolostrum metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina palmitová metabolismus   MeSH
• laktace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipasa metabolismus   MeSH
• mateřské mléko * metabolismus   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předčasný porod * metabolismus   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• triglyceridy metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: To develop and validate high-sensitive (hs) ELISA method for detection of adipophilin (adipose differentiation-related protein, ADRP) in human breast milk (BM) and to analyze adipophilin levels in BM during 12 months of lactation. METHODS: ADRP levels were determined using hsELISA method (Biovendor-Laboratory Medicine, Inc.) in colostrum (D0) and BM of 72 mothers was collected 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following delivery (M1, 3, 6, 12). RESULTS: ADRP was detectable in BM up to 12 months of lactation. Mean levels at D0 were 1.98 ± 0.12; M1, 2.83 ± 0.21; M3, 2.39 ± 0.17; M6, 2.57 ± 0.16; and at M12 3.25 ± 0.21 μg/ml. Significantly higher levels of ADRP were found in M1 and M12 when compared to D0 and in M12 when compared to M3 (overall P = 0.0001). No significant correlation was seen between ADRP levels in BM and adiponectin, body weight of infants, their birth length, body weight gain during the first year of life, or BMI of mothers before pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: We developed and validated hsELISA for detection of ADRP in human BM. ADRP was detectable in human BM during the whole 12 months of lactation period and its levels were intraindividually well-conserved.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• ELISA metody   MeSH
• kolostrum metabolismus   MeSH
• laktace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko metabolismus   MeSH
• membránové proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Human milk is a living fluid that changes with time, composition and volume. Circadian rhythms regulate a variety of biological processes in living organisms; and perhaps the most evident function is the sleep-wake cycle. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the circadian rhythm of breast milk amino acids and their evolution throughout the breastfeeding period. Human breast milk samples from 77 donors were collected every 3 hours over a 24-h period. The rhythmicity of the amino acids was determined by cosinor analysis. Colostrum samples showed no circadian rhythm in most amino acids except tryptophan. However, daily variations were observed in tryptophan and methionine at transitional phase, according to the newborn’s pattern of intake every 3 hours regardless of whether it is day or night. During the last stage (mature milk), when breast milk has fully stabilized, most amino acids showed a circadian rhythm. In conclusion, breast milk should be given to the baby at the same time of day it is expressed. Thus, the baby would be adjusting its circadian pattern in harmony with his environment (day/night), which is crucial for the proper functioning and synchronization of all systems in the human body.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny * analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• chronobiologické jevy MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus * fyziologie   MeSH
• interval spolehlivosti MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kojení MeSH
• kolostrum chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• laktace metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko * chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• methionin analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• tryptofan analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), and leptin have been shown to be present in human breast milk (BM). We determined intraindividual changes of BM levels of these proteins during 12 months of lactation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Proteins were measured using a high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 72 healthy mothers after delivery (day 0, D0) and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of lactation. RESULTS: Adiponectin levels in BM on D0 were 22.8 ± 0.8 (mean ± standard error of the mean), in 1 month (M1) 22.0 ± 0.6, in 3 months (M3) 20.5 ± 0.6, in 6 months (M6) 21.4 ± 0.8, and in 12 months (M12) 25.7 ± 1.4 ng/mL. AFABP levels were 12.3 ± 2.0, 6.2 ± 1.3, 1.3 ± 0.2, 2.5 ± 1.0, and 4.6 ± 1.9 ng/mL, respectively. Leptin levels were 0.3 ± 0.04, 0.2 ± 0.03, 0.1 ± 0.01, 0.1 ± 0.02, and 0.2 ± 0.04 ng/mL, respectively. We found significantly higher levels of adiponectin in M12 in comparison to M3 and M6 (P = 0.0026), higher levels of AFABP in D0 and M1 when compared with M3, M6, and M12 (P < 0.0001), and higher levels of leptin on D0 than in M1, M3, M6, and M12 (P < 0.0001). AFABP levels correlated negatively with infants' body weight in M1, but there was no correlation throughout the lactation period between body weight and other proteins. We found positive correlation between adiponectin, AFABP, and leptin throughout the lactation. CONCLUSIONS: All of the hormones were detectable in BM up to 12 months of lactation, with decreasing trend until M3 and subsequent increase till M12. We speculate that higher levels in M6 and M12 may be caused by longer intervals between breast-feeding due to the introduction of complementary food.

• MeSH
• adiponektin metabolismus   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kolostrum metabolismus   MeSH
• laktace metabolismus   MeSH
• leptin metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko metabolismus   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• porodní hmotnost MeSH
• proteiny vázající mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• vývoj dítěte MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare iodine utilization from different sources by sows and their progeny and the levels of T3 and T4 in their serum. DESIGN: Pregnant Czech Large White × Landrace sows were fed with an experimental KPK diet (a diet for lactating sows) 14 days before parturition until weaning (at a piglet age of 28 days). In group A (n=50, 10 sows, 40 piglets) the feed was supplemented with KI (0.6 mg of iodine per kg of feed). Iodine enriched alga Chlorella spp. (0.6 mg of iodine per kg of feed) was used as a supplement in group B (n=50, 10 sows, 40 piglets). In group C (n=50, 10 sows, 40 piglets) the sows were injected i.m. with IFAE at a dose of 100 mg of iodine per sow. Iodine, T3 and T4 were measured in each group for comparison of iodine utilization. RESULTS: The use of IFAE resulted in higher serum concentrations in sows compared to KI and alga. In contrast, iodine concentrations in milk and piglets were lower when IFAE were used. We found a wide variation in the concentrations of T3 and T4 in the serum of piglets in all groups. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a good utilization of iodized oil by sows. However, its transfer into milk is lower compared to the other iodine sources.

• MeSH
• estery farmakokinetika   MeSH
• Eukaryota MeSH
• fyziologie výživy zvířat fyziologie   MeSH
• jod farmakokinetika   MeSH
• jodid draselný farmakokinetika   MeSH
• jodový olej farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kojená zvířata růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• kolostrum metabolismus   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
• laktace MeSH
• mastné kyseliny farmakokinetika   MeSH
• mléko metabolismus   MeSH
• porod MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• Sus scrofa metabolismus   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• thyroxin krev   MeSH
• trijodthyronin krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

To assess the regulatory changes of immune system in children genetically pre-disposed to allergic diseases and in their mothers, we tested cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-gamma and TGF-beta in 21 healthy and 21 allergic mothers (serum at the time of delivery, colostrum and milk throughout the suckling period) and their children (cord blood, venous blood and stool filtrates) up to 1 yr of age. Samples were taken at the time of delivery, 4 days post-partum and then after 3, 6 and 12 months. Significant differences between the healthy and the allergic group were found in the levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-gamma. The levels of IL-4 in the allergic group were generally higher; the levels in the sera of children of allergic mothers during the post-natal life decreased, reaching levels typical for the healthy group at 1 yr of age. Allergic mothers exhibited markedly higher IL-10 levels in the serum at the time of delivery and in milk 3 months after delivery than healthy mothers while after 6 months the IL-10 levels in all samples from the allergic group were very low. Children from allergic group had lower intestinal content of IL-13 in comparison with the healthy counterparts. At 1 yr of age, the levels of IFN-gamma in sera and stool of children from the allergic group sharply increased. TGF-beta levels in the sera of both groups were high, while in the milk they were relatively low and substantially lower that in the children's stool. TGF-beta of mammary secretions is therefore unlikely to exert a decisive regulatory influence on the children's immunity. Long-term clinical monitoring of the children will be performed to evaluate the potential prognostic significance of these changes for the future development of allergies.

• MeSH
• alergie * krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• cytokiny * krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• feces chemie   MeSH
• fetální krev metabolismus   MeSH
• interferon gama krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-10 krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-13 metabolismus   MeSH
• interleukin-4 krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kojení * MeSH
• kolostrum metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko metabolismus   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• druhá doba porodní MeSH
• glukagon analýza   imunologie   krev   MeSH
• inzulin analýza   imunologie   krev   MeSH
• kolostrum fyziologie   metabolismus   sekrece   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• první doba porodní MeSH
• radioimunoanalýza MeSH
• třetí doba porodní MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

An immunohistochemical study of the expression of the secretory component (SC) in human mammary gland epithelium at various stages of differentiation, as well as in benign and malignant breast tumours, was undertaken using three mouse monoclonal antibodies. Antibody RICEO-SC-05 (SC-05), raised against a partially purified preparation of human SC, and reacting with a reduction-resistant epitope present in both free and polymeric immunoglobulin-bound SC, was compared in immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence studies on a diverse range of normal tissues, to 2 reference anti-SC antibodies (LICR-LONLC28 and RICEO-MFG-12). All three antibodies reacted with secretory epithelia only, consistent with known patterns of expression of SC in tissues, although there was an unexpected reaction by all anti-SC antibodies with some Hassal's corpuscles of the thymus. Staining patterns seen in the normal resting, pregnant, lactating and regressing (after weaning) breast provide evidence for differentiation-associated changes in the production of SC, and support the concept of terminal ductal lobular units (TDLUs) as functional compartments of the mammary gland. SC was detected in all but one benign breast lesion (n = 53) as compared to only 24% positive cases with heterogeneous expression of SC found among 176 primary and metastatic breast carcinomas examined. In a series of 40 primary breast carcinomas and their corresponding lymph node metastases, a good overall correlation was found between the expression of SC in the matched specimens; aside from 3 heterogeneously SC-positive carcinomas whose metastatic counterparts were SC-negative. Our results demonstrate a potential application for monoclonal antibodies to SC in the study of human mammary gland differentiation, but suggest that the value of an assay for SC in the diagnosis of breast carcinomas is questionable due to the generally low expression of SC by either primary or metastatic breast lesions.

• MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• kolostrum metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové glykoproteiny sekrece   MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky diagnostické užití   MeSH
• nádory prsu diagnóza   sekrece   MeSH
• prsy patologie   sekrece   MeSH
• western blotting MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH