BACKGROUND: The composition of the microbiome plays an important role in human health and disease. Whether there is a direct association between the cervicovaginal microbiome and the host's epigenome is largely unexplored. RESULTS: Here we analyzed a total of 448 cervicovaginal smear samples and studied both the DNA methylome of the host and the microbiome using the Illumina EPIC array and next-generation sequencing, respectively. We found that those CpGs that are hypo-methylated in samples with non-lactobacilli (O-type) dominating communities are strongly associated with gastrointestinal differentiation and that a signature consisting of 819 CpGs was able to discriminate lactobacilli-dominating (L-type) from O-type samples with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI = 0.77-0.90) in an independent validation set. The performance found in samples with more than 50% epithelial cells was further improved (AUC 0.87) and in women younger than 50 years of age was even higher (AUC 0.91). In a subset of 96 women, the buccal but not the blood cell DNA showed the same trend as the cervicovaginal samples in discriminating women with L- from O-type cervicovaginal communities. CONCLUSIONS: These findings strongly support the view that the epithelial epigenome plays an essential role in hosting specific microbial communities.

• MeSH
• cervix uteri mikrobiologie   MeSH
• CpG ostrůvky MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epigenom genetika   MeSH
• epitelové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• Lactobacillus genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metylace DNA MeSH
• mikrobiota genetika   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• vagina mikrobiologie   MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Degradation of undesirable biogenic amines (BAs) in foodstuffs by microorganisms is considered one of the most effective ways of eliminating their toxicity. In this study, we designed two sets of primers for the detection and quantification of the multicopper oxidase gene (MCO), which encodes an enzyme involved in BAs degradation, and endogenous (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) gene (GAPDH) in Lactobacillus casei group by real-time PCR (qPCR). We tested 15 Lactobacillus strains in the screening assays (thus, MCO gene possessing assay (PCR) and monitoring of BAs degradation by HPLC-UV), in which Lactobacillus casei CCDM 198 exhibited the best degradation abilities. For this strain, we monitored the expression of the target gene (MCO) in time (qPCR), the effect of redox treatments (cysteine, ascorbic acid) on the expression of the gene, and the ability to degrade BAs not only in a modified MRS medium (MRS/2) but also in a real food sample (milk). Moreover, decarboxylase activity (ability to form BAs) of this strain was excluded. According to the results, CCDM 198 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced BAs (putrescine, histamine, tyramine, cadaverine), up to 25% decline in 48 h. The highest level of relative expression of MCO (5.21 ± 0.14) was achieved in MRS/2 media with cysteine.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• biogenní aminy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• cystein analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• glyceraldehyd-3-fosfátdehydrogenasy genetika   MeSH
• kultivační média chemie   MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• kyselina askorbová analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Lactobacillus casei enzymologie   genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• Lactobacillus enzymologie   genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• mléko chemie   MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u bakterií MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The honey bee, Apis mellifera, is a globally important species that suffers from a variety of pathogens and parasites. These parasites and pathogens may have sublethal effects on their bee hosts via an array of mechanisms, including through a change in symbiotic bacterial taxa. Our aim was to assess the influence of four globally widespread parasites and pathogens on the honey bee bacteriome. We examined the effects of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, the fungal pathogens Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, and the trypanosome Lotmaria passim. Varroa was detected by acaricidal treatment, Nosema and L. passim by PCR, and the bacteriome using MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, the 1,858,850 obtained sequences formed 86 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 3 % dissimilarity. Location, time of year, and degree of infestation by Varroa had significant effects on the composition of the bacteriome of honey bee workers. Based on statistical correlations, we found varroosis more important factor than N. ceranae, N. apis, and L. passim infestation influencing the honey bee bacteriome and contributing to the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in adult bees. At the population level, Varroa appeared to modify 20 OTUs. In the colonies with high Varroa infestation levels (varroosis), the relative abundance of the bacteria Bartonella apis and Lactobacillus apis decreased. In contrast, an increase in relative abundance was observed for several taxa including Lactobacillus helsingborgensis, Lactobacillus mellis, Commensalibacter intestini, and Snodgrassella alvi. The results showed that the "normal" bacterial community is altered by eukaryotic parasites as well as displaying temporal changes and changes associated with the geographical origin of the beehive.

• MeSH
• Bartonella klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• infestace roztoči patologie   MeSH
• Kinetoplastida patogenita   MeSH
• Lactobacillus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mikrobiota genetika   MeSH
• Nosema patogenita   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• symbióza MeSH
• Varroidae patogenita   MeSH
• včely mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and catalase- and oxidase-negative bacterial strain designated MOZM2T, having 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 20016T, was isolated from a swab of the oral cavity of a home-bred guinea pig. Comparative analyses based on the hsp60, pheS and tuf genes confirmed L. reuteri as its closest relative species, with calculated sequence similarities of 92.8, 88.8 and 96.9 %, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridisation revealed a 42 % degree of genetic similarity between the novel strain and L. reuteri DSM 20016T. Strain MOZM2T degrades carbohydrates via the 6-phosphogluconate/phosphoketolase pathway, evidenced by its production of gas from glucose and the end products of hexose catabolism. Comparative analysis of the cellular fatty acid profiles determined significant differences between MOZM2T and L. reuteri DSM 20016T in their proportions of C8 : 0, C14 : 1, C17 : 0, C18 : 2ω6t and C20 : 0 fatty acids. Results of genotypic analyses also demonstrated differences between these two strains. They also differed in DNA G+C content, and some biochemical and physiological characteristics. We therefore believe that the examined bacterial isolate should be considered as a new taxon within the group of obligately heterofermentative lactobacilli. The species name Lactobacillus caviae sp. nov. is proposed, of which the type strain is MOZM2T (=CCM 8609T=DSM 100239T=LMG 28780T).

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• Lactobacillus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• morčata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• peptidoglykan chemie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• ústa mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Gut microbiota provides a wide range of beneficial function for the host and has an immense effect on the host's health state. It has also been shown that gut microbiome is often involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics; however, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the gut bacteria and the metabolism of drugs by the host are still unclear. To investigate the effect of microbial colonization on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of liver cytochromes P450 (CYPs), the main drug-metabolizing enzymes, we used germ-free (GF) mice, lacking the intestinal flora and mice monocolonized by non-pathogenic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum NIZO2877 or probiotic bacteria Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 compared to specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Our results show that the mRNA expression of Cyp1a2 and Cyp2e1 was significantly increased, while the expression of Cyp3a11 mRNA was decreased under GF conditions compared to the SPF mice. The both bacteria L. plantarum NIZO2877 and E. coli Nissle 1917 given to the GF mice decreased the level of Cyp1a2 mRNA and normalized it to the control level. On the other hand, the colonization by these bacteria had no effect on the expression of Cyp3a11 mRNA in the liver of the GF mice (which remained decreased). Surprisingly, monocolonization with chosen bacterial strains has shown a different effect on the expression of Cyp2e1 mRNA in GF mice. Increased level of Cyp2e1 expression observed in the GF mice was found also in mice colonized by L. plantarum NIZO2877; however, the colonization with probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 caused a decrease in Cyp2e1 expression and partially restored the SPF mice conditions.

• MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• gnotobiologické modely MeSH
• játra enzymologie   MeSH
• Lactobacillus genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This review deals with the role of microorganisms in spontaneous regression of a tumour. Spontaneous cancer regression is a phenomenon that has been described for many centuries. One of the most well known methods of inducing spontaneous regression of cancer is the application of Coley's toxin (heat-killed Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens), which has been used for the successful treatment of sarcomas, carcinomas, lymphomas, myelomas and melanomas. In clinical practice, the use of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine for the treatment of superficial urinary bladder cancer is the most common instance of the application of microorganisms for the treatment of cancer. This review provides further information on other tested bacteria--Clostridium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Salmonella spp.--in this field of study. Among new age methods, bactofection, alternative gene therapy, combination bacteriolytic therapy and bacteria-directed enzyme prodrug therapy are some of the potential cancer treatment modalities that use microorganisms. We have also provided information about the interconnection among microorganisms, immune system response, and the possible mechanisms involved in the spontaneous regression of tumours.

• MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny dějiny   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• BCG vakcína terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Bifidobacterium genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Clostridium genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• fyziologie bakterií * MeSH
• genetická terapie MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• Lactobacillus genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory imunologie   mikrobiologie   terapie   MeSH
• Salmonella genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• spontánní regrese nádoru MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). The novel strains shared 99.2-99.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate this group of new isolates. The type strain is MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T).

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• Lactobacillus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• myši mikrobiologie   MeSH
• peptidoglykan chemie   MeSH
• rektum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• tenké střevo mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

A taxonomic study was performed on Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and regular rod-shaped bacterial strains R4B(T) and R4C, isolated from the stomachs of honeybees. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the phylogenetic position of the novel strains was within the genus Lactobacillus; the highest sequence similarity to R4B(T) was shown by Lactobacillus acidophilus BCRC 10695(T) (93.6 %). Lower sequence similarities were found to other obligately homofermentative lactobacilli. A PCR-DGGE method could detect the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strain R4B(T) at different developmental stages of honeybees occurring in two different locations in the Czech Republic. The distinctiveness of the strains from other lactobacilli was also confirmed by analysis of sequences of other phylogenetic markers applicable to the taxonomy of the genus Lactobacillus, ribotyping and rep-PCR analysis. The DNA G+C content of strain R4B(T) was 41.3 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain R4B(T) were C18 : 1ω9c, summed C19 : 1ω6c/C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c, C16 : 0, summed C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c and summed C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c. The major polar lipids of strain R4B(T) were glycolipids, lipids and phospholipids. Phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics also confirmed the independent status of the strains at the species level. Interestingly, strain R4B(T) was able to inhibit growth in vitro of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae (causal agent of American foulbrood in honeybees) and Melissococcus plutonius (causal agent of European foulbrood). The name Lactobacillus apis sp. nov. is proposed for this novel taxon; the type strain is R4B(T) ( = CCM 8403(T) = LMG 26964(T)).

• MeSH
• antibióza * MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• Enterococcaceae patogenita   MeSH
• fosfolipidy chemie   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• Lactobacillus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• Paenibacillus patogenita   MeSH
• ribotypizace MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• včely mikrobiologie   MeSH
• žaludek mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

Identification of vaginal fluids is an important step in the process of sexual assaults confirmation. Advances in both microbiology and molecular biology defined technical approaches allowing the discrimination of body fluids. These protocols are based on the identification of specific bacterial communities by microfloraDNA (mfDNA) amplification. A multiplex real time-PCR assay (ForFLUID kit) has been developed for identifying biological fluids and for discrimination among vaginal, oral and fecal samples. In order to test its efficacy and reliability of the assay in the identification of vaginal fluids, an interlaboratory evaluation has been performed on homogeneous vaginal swabs. All the involved laboratories were able to correctly recognize all the vaginal swabs, and no false positives were identified when the assay was applied on non-vaginal samples. The assay represents an useful molecular tool that can be easily adopted by forensic geneticists involved in vaginal fluid identification.

• MeSH
• cervikální hlen mikrobiologie   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Enterococcus faecalis genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce * MeSH
• laboratoře normy   MeSH
• Lactobacillus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multiplexová polymerázová řetězová reakce * MeSH
• soudní lékařství normy   MeSH
• Staphylococcus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Streptococcus genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• vagina mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH

Three bacterial strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the digestive tracts of laboratory-reared bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) using MRS agar under anaerobic conditions. The isolates were identified according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as undescribed members of the genus Lactobacillus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.9 %) to the uncharacterized bacterial strain Lactobacillus sp. Mboho2r2 isolated from the stomach of a European honeybee (Apis mellifera). Lactobacillus tucceti was found to be the closest related species with a validly published name, with 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain. However, phylogenetic analyses based on different markers revealed that this species is phylogenetically very distant from the novel strains. The DNA G+C content of the proposed type strain BTLCH M1/2(T) is 37.8 mol%. The fatty acids C(19 : 1)ω6c and/or C(19 : 0) cyclo ω10c/19ω6, C(18 : 1)ω9c and C(16 : 0) were predominant in all strains. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, a phospholipid, seven glycolipids and two phosphoglycolipids were detected in the novel strains. Growth was observed at 47 °C. The peptidoglycan type A4α L-Lys-D-Asp was determined for strain BTLCH M1/2(T). Genotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on the phylogenetic markers hsp60, pheS, rpoA and tuf as well as phenotypic characteristics and the results of chemotaxonomic analyses confirmed that the new isolates belong to a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus bombi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BTLCH M1/2(T) ( = DSM 26517(T) = CCM 8440(T)).

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Lactobacillus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• peptidoglykan chemie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• včely mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH