- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methadone * economics therapeutic use MeSH
- Opiate Substitution Treatment * economics utilization MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders * therapy MeSH
- Drug Users MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Newspaper Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- MeSH
- Addiction Medicine * methods statistics & numerical data legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Substance Abuse Treatment Centers * standards trends utilization MeSH
- Confidentiality standards legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Codes of Ethics trends legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Consent Forms standards utilization legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Gambling complications prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Informed Consent * ethics psychology legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Human Rights legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Involuntary Treatment methods standards MeSH
- Opiate Substitution Treatment methods utilization MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders complications prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methadone pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Opiate Substitution Treatment economics utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- News MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
SUMMARY: This article presents a literature review of published and grey literature focused on problem opioid use (POU) on the territory of the CR. The development of POU in the CR can be divided into 4 periods, all characterised by injecting opioid use. The period before 1989 was typified by misuse of opioid analgesics and home-made drugs (braun). The first half of the 1990s was significant for the emergence of the so-called heroin epidemic as illegally transported heroin gained a dominant position on the drug scene. Subutex has been available in the CR since 2000 and its leakage on the illicit drug market has been observed since 2002, characterised by the sale and purchase of small surplus quantities of buprenorphine obtained through doctor shopping. The increase in the illicit problem use of buprenorphine is associated with consequent decrease in heroin use and the heroin market. Buprenorphine is currently the most used opioid among POU in the CR. There has been reemerging increase in the use of opioid analgesics for the past 5 years, esp. in the regions with typically high prevalence of POU. The misuse of both buprenorphine and opioid analgesics is related to the limited affordability and local availability of opiate substitution treatment (OST) in the CR. The prevalence of POU in the CR was estimated at 12,700 users in 2015, i.e. 27.1% of all the 46,900 estimated problem drug users. The development of POU went through periods of misuse of opioid analgesics and later of substitution products characterised by a great amount of self-supplying and an unorganised market, in comparison to the highly organised commercial market with heroin. POU in the CR is characteristic of a high level of injecting which represents a considerable public health issue. It is therefore necessary to scale-up specific therapeutic and harm reduction interventions for POU, esp. OST.
- MeSH
- Buprenorphine MeSH
- Heroin MeSH
- Substance Abuse, Intravenous MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methamphetamine MeSH
- Prescription Drug Diversion MeSH
- Drug Trafficking MeSH
- Opiate Substitution Treatment economics utilization MeSH
- Analgesics, Opioid * administration & dosage economics MeSH
- Opioid-Related Disorders * history epidemiology complications MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- MeSH
- Substance Withdrawal Syndrome complications therapy MeSH
- Buprenorphine therapeutic use MeSH
- Cannabis adverse effects MeSH
- Heroin adverse effects MeSH
- Congresses as Topic MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methadone therapeutic use MeSH
- Methamphetamine adverse effects MeSH
- Opiate Substitution Treatment methods utilization MeSH
- Analgesics, Opioid adverse effects MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders diagnosis classification prevention & control MeSH
- Prenatal Diagnosis MeSH
- Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
VÝCHODISKA: Iniekční uživatelé drog (lUD) tvoří významnou skupinu pacientů s virovou hepatitidou typu C IVHC). Vstup do léčby, iejí průběh a účinnost jsou ovlivněny faktory na straně pacientů i poskytovatelů léčby. CÍLE: Zmapovat rozsah poskytování léčby VHC u lUD v ČR, popsát pravidla a praxi pro zahájení a průběh léčby VHC lUD včetně relevantních faktorů. MATERIÁL A METODIKA: V lednu až březnu 2011 bylo osloveno všech 76 identifikovaných center pro léčbu virových hepatitid, na výzvu zareagovalo 45 a on-line dotazník vyplnilo 40 center. VÝSLEDKY: Odhadem léčilo VHC standardní dvojkombinací interferonu a ribavirinu v r. 2010 celkem 61 center, z toho 39 léčilo (většinou abstinující) IUD. Pro VHC bylo v r. 2010 odhadem léčeno přibližně 780 osob, z toho přibližně 370 lUD. Podíl lUD odeslaných do centra, u kterých je léčba zahájena, byl v průměru 60 %. Podíl lUD, kteří léčbu dokončili, byl v průměru 80 %. Většina lékařů neviděla v míře zahájení léčby ani v adherenci rozdíly mezi neuživateli a uživateli drog ani mezi uživateli pervitinu a opiátů. Rozdíly mezi uživateli pervitinu a opiátů nebyly uváděny ani v závažnosti hepatologického nálezu, motivaci nebo v riziku relapsu užívání drog. Abstinenci od užívání drog vyžaduje přes 90 % center, nejčastěji v délce minimálně 6 měsíců před zahájením léčby. Většina lékařů zařazuje před léčbou období, ve kterém otestuje adherenci. Zhodnocení stavu s ohledem na užívání drog bývá prováděno spolupracujícím psychiatrem nebo specialistou v oboru návykových nemocí. Polovina kliniků u uživatelů opiátů požaduje účast v substituční léčbě. Avšak specialista v oboru návykových nemocí je stálým členem týmu jen ^ několika centrech, substituční léčba je v centrech pro léčbu VH poskytována zřídka, cca polovina center nespolupracuje s jiným zařízením specializovaným na léčbu závislostí. ZÁVĚRY: Při léčbě VHC u lUD jsou lékaři v ČR spíše konzervativní, aktivní lUD jsou léčeni výjimečně. Za hlavní bariéry zvýšení vstupu lUD do léčby VHC lze označit nedostatek multidisciplinárního přístupu, nízkou míru vzájemné integrace léčby VHC a léíbv závislosti a finanční limity.
BACKGROUND: Injecting drug users (IDUs) represent a significant group of patients with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The initiation, process, and efficacy of treatment are determined by factors on the part of both patients and treatment providers. AIMS: Mapping the extent of the provision of HCV treatment to IDUs in the Czech Republic, mapping the rules and practices in the initiation and provision of HCV treatment in IDUs and relevant factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January to March 2011, all 76 identified viral hepatitis treatment centres were addressed with on-line questionnaire, of which 45 reacted , and 40 responded. RESULTS: It can be estimated that HCV treatment (using a combination of interferon and ribavirin) was provided by 61 centres in 2010, 39 of which treated (mostly abstinent) IDUs. An estimated 780 persons were treated in 2010, of whom 370 IDUs. The level of reported treatment uptake in IDUs referred to centres was 60% on average. Treatment was on average completed in 80%. Most clinicians reported no difference in the treatment uptake or adherence between drug users and non-users and between methamphetamine and opiate users. Most clinicians also did not report any differences between methamphetamine and opiate users in their liver conditions, motivation for treatment, or risk of relapse into drug use. All or most of the patients are required to abstain from drugs upon the start of treatment in 90% of the centres, the most frequently for six months at least. Most physicians test adherence in a trial period before the treatment. The assessment of the patient’s drug use was often performed by collaborating psychiatrist or addiction specialist. Half of physicians reported that they require substitution therapy in opiate users. An addiction specialist was a permanent member of the team in a few centres only; substitution therapy was only rarely delivered in centres themselves. As many as nearly half of the centres did not cooperate with specialised drug treatment facilities. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians in the Czech Republic possess rather conservative attitudes towards HCV treatment in IDUs, active IDUs are treated exceptionally. The main barriers of the higher HCV treatment uptake are represented by a lack of multi-disciplinary approach, a low integration of HCV and addiction treatment and financial limits.
- Keywords
- virová hepatitida typu C, injekční užívání drog, metamfetamin, interferon, adherence,
- MeSH
- Medication Adherence statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Hepatitis C epidemiology drug therapy transmission MeSH
- Interferon-alpha administration & dosage MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Opiate Substitution Treatment statistics & numerical data utilization MeSH
- Ribavirin administration & dosage MeSH
- Achievement MeSH
- Drug Users statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Buprenorphine adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Drug and Narcotic Control methods legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methadone adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Young Adult psychology MeSH
- Opiate Substitution Treatment methods adverse effects utilization MeSH
- Opioid-Related Disorders pathology therapy MeSH
- Criminal Law standards legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Drug Users psychology legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Prisoners legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Legislation, Drug standards MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult psychology MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- MeSH
- HIV Infections epidemiology prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Organizations, Nonprofit organization & administration utilization legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Opiate Substitution Treatment methods utilization MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders * epidemiology complications prevention & control rehabilitation therapy MeSH
- Social Work classification organization & administration manpower MeSH
- Drug Users statistics & numerical data education MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Russia MeSH