One step multiple test line lateral flow immunoassay was designed in a competitive format for the detection of drugs of abuse (namely morphine, 3,4-methylen-dioxymethamphetamine, phenycyclidine and amphetamine) from oral fluids. For the labeling of antibodies, gold nanoparticles produced by the Turkevich method were used. It was found that saliva contains mucin glycoproteins which cause non-specific interactions on test lines. These undesirable interactions can be influenced by higher pH, higher buffer capacity, and a choice of suitable detergent for the sample pad buffer in combination with suitable sample pad material. Optimized sample pad buffer contained 100 mM Tris and 0.5% sodium deoxycholate to yield pH 9.0. Screening of all the materials (mainly sample pad, conjugate pad) was performed and Fusion 5 was selected in order to develop rapid test able to provide results within 10 minutes. The other key advantage of this format of the test, as compared to other immunoassays, is its low cost and simplicity requiring no sample or reagent preparation and no photodetector for its measurement.
- MeSH
- Chromatography, Affinity MeSH
- Immunochemistry MeSH
- Deoxycholic Acid MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mucins chemistry MeSH
- Nanoparticles MeSH
- Specimen Handling MeSH
- Substance Abuse Detection methods utilization MeSH
- Psychotropic Drugs analysis MeSH
- Saliva MeSH
- Gold MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
V súčasnosti je často diskutovanou témou problematika zneužívania drog u mladistvých. Počet požiadaviek na vyšetrenie drog zo strany lekárov, ale aj rodičov počas posledných rokov narastá a úmerne tomu rastie aj počet pozitívnych nálezov. Popri „tradičných“ drogách bol na východnom Slovensku zaznamenaný výskyt nových psychoaktívnych látok. Cieľom tejto práce bolo informovať o výskyte dvoch syntetických látok desoxypipradrole (2-difenylmetylpiperidín, 2-DPMP) a α-pyrolidinovalerofenóne (alfa-PVP) vo východoslovenskom regióne a štatisticky zhodnotiť výsledky našich analýz za obdobie rokov 2012 – 2014. Tiež sme chceli porovnať údaje o úžívaní týchto drog s „tradičnými“ drogami ako sú marihuana, amfetamíny, opiáty a kokaín. Súbor vzoriek tvorili pacienti z psychiatrických ambulancií a z Centra pre liečbu drogových závislostí (CPLDZ) v Košiciach. Vzorky pacientov boli do laboratória posielané v rámci rutinného toxikologického vyšetrenia na zistenie prítomnosti drog a iných zneužívaných liečiv. Analýzy na zistenie prítomnosti nových psychoaktívnych látok boli robené na vysoko citlivých chromatografických prístrojoch GCMS a LCMSMS. Tieto metódy boli vybrané ako spoľahlivé na identifikáciu pôvodnej formy, ako aj metabolitov týchto látok. Viac ako 80 % chromatografických analýz (z celkového počtu 4996) realizovaných v rokoch 2012 – 2014 bolo cielených na odhalenie užívania nezákonnych látok. Z výsledkov analýz vyplýva, že drogou číslo jeden na východe Slovenska je stále marihuana. Novým fenoménom medzi drogami sú novšie psychostimulanciá, ktorých predaj je častokrát maskovaný. Vo východoslovenskom regióne bol zaznamenaný od začiatku roka 2012 výskyt dvoch psychostimulancií, a to 2-DPMP a alfa-PVP.
Currently, one of the most discussed topic is the problem of drug abuse in adolescents. The number of requests for investigation of drugs by doctors, as well as parents increases over the years and is growing in proportion to the number of positive findings. In addition to „traditional“ drugs, the emergence of new psychoactive substances has been recorded in eastern Slovakia. The aim of this work is to provide information on the presence of two synthetic substances desoxypipradrol (2-diphenylmethylpiperidine, 2-DPMP) and α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (alpha-PVP) in the eastern region of Slovakia and statistically evaluate the results of our analysis for the period 2012-2014, and compare data on the use of these drugs with „traditional“ drugs such as marijuana, amphetamines, opiates and cocaine. Samples were collected from psychiatric clinics and the Center for Treatment of Drug Addiction (CTDD) in Košice. Patient samples were sent to our laboratory under routine toxicological testing for the presence of drugs and other abused drugs. The presence of new psychoactive substances was determined using a highly sensitive chromatography techniques – GCMS and LCMSMS. These methods were selected as reliable for the identification of the original form of the drugs and their metabolites. More than 80 % chromatographic analyses (of total 4996) were performed for the purpose of detection of illicit substances over the years 2012 to 2014. Analysis has shown that the number one drug in eastern Slovakia is marijuana. A new phenomenon among new drugs are stimulants, the sale of which is often masked. Since the beginning of 2012 the incidence of two psychostimulants, 2-DPMP and alpha-PVP has been observed.
- Keywords
- desoxypipradrol, alfa-pyrolidinovalerofenon, toxikologická analýza, tradiční drogy,
- MeSH
- Chromatography, Liquid methods standards instrumentation MeSH
- Chromatography, Gas methods standards instrumentation MeSH
- Mass Spectrometry methods standards instrumentation MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Substance Abuse Detection methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Piperidines * administration & dosage isolation & purification urine adverse effects MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders * diagnosis classification prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Drug Users * classification statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Geographicals
- Slovakia MeSH
- MeSH
- Marijuana Abuse epidemiology MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Substance Abuse Detection utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Publication type
- Congress MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Substance Abuse Detection methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Police education MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Substance Abuse Detection methods trends utilization MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders complications psychology MeSH
- Mandatory Testing methods trends legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Work legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Occupational Medicine methods trends MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Smoking adverse effects MeSH
- Substance Abuse Detection methods utilization MeSH
- Prenatal Care methods utilization MeSH
- Life Style MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Ambulatory Care methods utilization MeSH
- Chromatography, Liquid methods utilization MeSH
- Chromatography, Thin Layer methods utilization MeSH
- Hypnotics and Sedatives isolation & purification urine adverse effects MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques * methods utilization MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Substance Abuse Detection * methods utilization MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders * diagnosis prevention & control MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Wakefulness-Promoting Agents isolation & purification urine adverse effects MeSH
- Toxicology methods instrumentation MeSH
- Tranquilizing Agents isolation & purification urine adverse effects MeSH
- Hospitals, Psychiatric utilization MeSH
- Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
