• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * epidemiologie   etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• cholesterol izolace a purifikace   krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• depresivní poruchy * epidemiologie   etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu epidemiologie   komplikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů * genetika   imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému epidemiologie   etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny izolace a purifikace   krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• neuropsychiatrie metody   trendy   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• postižení klasifikace   psychologie   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• analýza potravin ekonomika   metody   normy   MeSH
• kvalita jídla MeSH
• kyseliny mastné mononenasycené izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-6 izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• laboratoře využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   klasifikace   MeSH
• mléko ekonomika   chemie   využití   MeSH
• náhražky mléka chemie   klasifikace   MeSH
• nápoje analýza   ekonomika   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny izolace a purifikace   normy   MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• ovocné a zeleninové šťávy analýza   ekonomika   využití   MeSH
• potravinářský průmysl trendy   MeSH
• sójové mléko ekonomika   chemie   klasifikace   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• trans nenasycené mastné kyseliny izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• vápník izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

This study describes the identification of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) in three strains of dinoflagellates (Amphidinium carterae, Cystodinium sp., and Peridinium aciculiferum). The strains were cultivated and their lipidomic profiles were obtained by high resolution mass spectrometry with the aid of positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode by Orbitrap apparatus. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC/ESI) was used to separate major lipid classes of the three genera of dinoflagellates by neutral loss scan showing the ion [M + H-28:8](+), where 28:8 was octacosaoctaenoic acid, and by precursor ion scanning of ions at m/z 407, which was an ion corresponding to the structure of acyl of 28:8 acid (C27H39COO(-)). Based on these analyzes, it was found that out of more than a dozen lipid classes present in the total lipids, only two classes of neutral lipids, i.e. major triacylglycerols and minor diacylglycerols contain VLCPUFAs. In polar lipids, VLCPUFAs were identified only in phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidyl choline (PC) or in their lyso-forms (LPA and LPC). Further analysis of individual lipid classes by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) showed the presence of triacylglycerols (TAGs) containing VLCPUFAs, i.e. molecular species of the sn-28:7/28:8/28:8, sn-26:7/28:7/28:8, or sn-26:7/28:8/28:8 types. These TAGs are the longest and most unsaturated TAGs isolated from a natural source that have yet been synthesized. In the case of PA and PC, tandem MS identified sn-28:8/16:0-PA and sn-28:8/16:0-PC and the corresponding lyso-forms (28:8-LPC and 28:8-LPA). All these results indicate that TAGs containing VLCPUFAs are biosynthesized in dinoflagellates in the same manner as in higher eukaryotic organisms, which means that the PA, after conversion to DAG, serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of other phospholipids, e.g. PC, and, after further acylation, also of TAG.

• MeSH
• chinoliny MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová metody   MeSH
• chromatografie s reverzní fází MeSH
• Dinoflagellata chemie   MeSH
• fosfatidylcholiny analýza   MeSH
• fosfolipidy MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• morfinany MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Jasmonates (JAs) are plant hormones that integrate external stress stimuli with physiological responses. (+)-7-iso-JA-L-Ile is the natural JA ligand of COI1, a component of a known JA receptor. The upstream JA biosynthetic precursor cis-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (cis-(+)-OPDA) has been reported to act independently of COI1 as an essential signal in several stress-induced and developmental processes. Wound-induced increases in the endogenous levels of JA/JA-Ile are accompanied by two to tenfold increases in the concentration of OPDA, but its means of perception and metabolism are unknown. To screen for putative OPDA metabolites, vegetative tissues of flowering Arabidopsis thaliana were extracted with 25% aqueous methanol (v/v), purified by single-step reversed-phase polymer-based solid-phase extraction, and analyzed by high throughput mass spectrometry. This enabled the detection and quantitation of a low abundant OPDA analog of the biologically active (+)-7-iso-JA-L-Ile in plant tissue samples. Levels of the newly identified compound and the related phytohormones JA, JA-Ile and cis-(+)-OPDA were monitored in wounded leaves of flowering Arabidopsis lines (Col-0 and Ws) and compared to the levels observed in Arabidopsis mutants deficient in the biosynthesis of JA (dde2-2, opr3) and JA-Ile (jar1). The observed cis-(+)-OPDA-Ile levels varied widely, raising questions concerning its role in Arabidopsis stress responses.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis chemie   MeSH
• cyklopentany chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• diazoniové sloučeniny MeSH
• isoleucin analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• květy chemie   MeSH
• listy rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny chemie   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxylipiny chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• pyridiny MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• stereoizomerie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Regioisomers and enantiomers of triacylglycerols (TAGs) containing any combination of stearidonic (18:4n-3) and octadecapentaenoic (18:5n-3) acids were prepared by organic synthesis. Gradient polar organic liquid chromatography/high resolution atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (NARP-LC/HRMS(2)-APCI) and chiral liquid chromatography were used for the separation and identification of molecular species of these TAGs. Further, NARP-LC and chiral LC were used to separate natural mixtures of TAGs obtained from the haptophyte alga Coccolithophora sp. cultivated in a salinity range from 7.5 to 60‰. The ratio of regioisomers and enantiomers was found to change with increasing salinity of the culture medium. This can be explained by variable activity of acyltransferases in cells exposed to salt stress.

• MeSH
• atmosférický tlak MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• stereoizomerie MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• triglyceridy chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC-MS/APCI) with a chiral phase was used for separation of triacylglycerols (TAG) obtained either by organic synthesis or isolated from different algal species. We present chromatographic characteristics and tandem mass spectra of enantiomers and positional isomers (regioisomers) of C16, C18 and C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The retention time was found to depend on the structure of the given TAG, increasing with increasing number of double bonds and decreasing with increasing number of the carbons in TAG, with the exception of dieicosapentaenoyl-palmitoyl-glycerols.

• MeSH
• Chlorophyta chemie   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny analýza   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• stereoizomerie MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• triglyceridy analýza   chemie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   normy   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Aim: Identifi cation of cyclopropyl fatty acids in walnut oil.Method: GC/MS method was developed for the determination of eight cyclopropyl fatty acids in walnut (Juglansregia) oil. Results: Monocyclopropane acids: methyl 9-cyclopropyl-nonanoate, 6,7-methylene-, 8,9-methylene-, 9,10-methylene-,11,12-methylene octadecanoates, and dicyclic acid – methyl 9,10,12,13-dimethylene octadecanoate, tricyclic acid– methyl 9,10,12,13,15,16-trimethylene octadecanoate, and unsaturated - methyl 2-octylcyclopropene-1-octanoate weredetected in walnut oil by GC-MS and their mass spectra studied. Four cyclic fatty acids were identifi ed for the fi sttime in seed oils. Conclusions: Eight cyclopropyl fatty acids were detected in the Mediterranean nuts for the fi rst time.

• MeSH
• Bacteria enzymologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• cyklopropany izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• estery MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   využití   MeSH
• Juglans MeSH
• kyseliny linolenové izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• oleje rostlin MeSH
• rostliny MeSH
• sluneční záření MeSH
• Streptomyces enzymologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH

• MeSH
• apoptóza imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• cytochromy c farmakologie   fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• kaspasy farmakologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• laktalbumin farmakologie   imunologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lékařská onkologie dějiny   metody   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko imunologie   MeSH
• mitochondriální membrány fyziologie   imunologie   MeSH
• molekulární biologie metody   trendy   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• papilom farmakoterapie   MeSH
• permeabilita buněčné membrány fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Švédsko MeSH

• MeSH
• analýza potravin * metody   normy   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• biopotraviny normy   MeSH
• esenciální mastné kyseliny izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kakaovník * klasifikace   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné mononenasycené izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné neesterifikované izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny * analýza   klasifikace   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• potraviny klasifikace   normy   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• preventivní lékařství MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• trans nenasycené mastné kyseliny izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces adipose tissue mass, preferentially in the abdomen. The more pronounced effect of marine-derived eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids on adiposity, compared with their precursor alpha-linolenic acid, may be mediated by changes in gene expression and metabolism in white fat. METHODS: The effects of EPA/DHA concentrate (6% EPA, 51% DHA) admixed to form two types of high-fat diet were studied in C57BL/6J mice. Oligonucleotide microarrays, cDNA PCR subtraction and quantitative real-time RT-PCR were used to characterise gene expression. Mitochondrial proteins were quantified using immunoblots. Fatty acid oxidation and synthesis were measured in adipose tissue fragments. RESULTS: Expression screens revealed upregulation of genes for mitochondrial proteins, predominantly in epididymal fat when EPA/DHA concentrate was admixed to a semisynthetic high-fat diet rich in alpha-linolenic acid. This was associated with a three-fold stimulation of the expression of genes encoding regulatory factors for mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha [Ppargc1a, also known as Pgc1alpha] and nuclear respiratory factor-1 [Nrf1] respectively). Expression of genes for carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A and fatty acid oxidation was increased in epididymal but not subcutaneous fat. In the former depot, lipogenesis was depressed. Similar changes in adipose gene expression were detected after replacement of as little as 15% of lipids in the composite high-fat diet with EPA/DHA concentrate, while the development of obesity was reduced. The expression of Ppargc1a and Nrf1 was also stimulated by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The anti-adipogenic effect of EPA/DHA may involve a metabolic switch in adipocytes that includes enhancement of beta-oxidation and upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis.

• MeSH
• epididymis metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• faktor 1 související s NF-E2 genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• karnitin-O-palmitoyltransferasa genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• kyselina alfa-linolenová farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina eikosapentaenová farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny dokosahexaenové farmakologie   MeSH
• lipogeneze účinky záření   MeSH
• mitochondriální proteiny metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny farmakologie   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• obezita prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• podkožní tuk metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese účinky záření   MeSH
• rybí oleje chemie   MeSH
• trans-aktivátory genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• tukové buňky metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH