To update the clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. We searched Medline, EMBASE (through April 20, 2018) and Cochrane (through May 7, 2018) databases. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by the generic inverse variance method. A total of 41 reports (3 RCTs and 38 cohorts) were included. Meta-analyses of RCTs revealed a beneficial effect of the MedDiet on total CVD incidence (RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.78) and total myocardial infarction (MI) incidence (RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.88). Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, which compared the highest versus lowest categories of MedDiet adherence, revealed an inverse association with total CVD mortality (RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.82), coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.86), CHD mortality (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.92), stroke incidence (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.90), stroke mortality (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.96) and MI incidence (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.88). The present study suggests that MedDiet has a beneficial role on CVD prevention in populations inclusive of individuals with diabetes.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus epidemiologie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci mortalita   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• strava středomořská statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• fraktury kyčle epidemiologie   MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin metabolismus   MeSH
• kostní denzita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita * MeSH
• ochranné faktory MeSH
• osteoporotické fraktury * epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• osteoporóza * epidemiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sarkopenie * epidemiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• strava středomořská statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• vitamin D analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine serum cystatin C levels in association with the Mediterranean diet in a healthy Greek population. METHODS: Cystatin C together with basic clinical chemistry tests was measured in a total of 490 adults (46±16 years, 40% of males), who underwent an annual health check. Demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics were recorded, while adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated through the MedDietScore (0-55). RESULTS: The mean level of serum cystatin C was 0.84 mg/L, while men had increased serum cystatin C levels compared to women (0.86 mg/L vs. 0.83 mg/L, respectively, 0.017). After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin and ferritin levels, each unit increase in MedDietScore led to 0.002 mg/dL drop off in cystatin C serum levels. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated an inverse relationship between the MedDietScore and serum cystatin C levels. Our finding that increases in MedDietScore are associated with decreases in serum cystatin C levels could imply that adherence to the Mediterranean diet may reduce the cardiovascular risk, as assessed by cystatin C, a prognostic marker of the cardiometabolic risk. This notion could have a great impact on public health.

• MeSH
• adherence pacienta statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• cystatin C krev   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci krev   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• strava středomořská statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Řecko MeSH

Objective: Although there are several dietary guidelines accepted at the international and national level, there are indications that dietary habits in Greece have been changing, moving away from the traditional Mediterranean diet pattern. The aim of this work was to evaluate the dietary habits of a randomly selected sample from the general adult population, in Greece. Subjects: The “ATTICA” study is a prospective health and nutrition survey. For the purpose of this study, 3,042 adults, from whom 1514 were men (48%) and 1,528 were women (52%), were selected from the greater Athens area during 2001 and 2002. The assessment of the dietary habits was carried out using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Results: Dietary intakes of red meat and sweets were higher (p<0.005), and dietary intakes of fish, poultry, dairy products, vegetables, and cereals were lower (p<0.05) than the ones recommended by the Hellenic Ministry of Health. Conclusion: The results from the present study indicate a change in the dietary habits towards an unhealthier type of diet.

• MeSH
• analýza potravin normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dieta dějiny   normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• strava středomořská psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etika   etnologie   psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Řecko MeSH