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MeSH: vakcíny-terapeutické užití

241 záznamů v Medvik Filtry

Kapitola

Očkování

Závora, Jan
Autor Autorita Ústav lékařské biochemie a laboratorní diagnostiky 1. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy a Všeobecné fakultní nemocnice, Praha

Antibiotika v primární péči. 2024 ; () : 89-96.

ISBN 978-80-271-3941-5
Medvik
Zdroj

MeSH
cestování MeSH
lidé MeSH
očkovací programy MeSH
očkovací schéma MeSH
slezina imunologie patologie MeSH
těhotenství účinky léků MeSH
vakcinace * metody MeSH
vakcíny klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
Check Tag
lidé MeSH
těhotenství účinky léků MeSH
Publikační typ
přehledy MeSH

Článek

Elucidating vaccine efficacy using a correlate of protection, demographics, and logistic regression

BMC medical research methodology. 2024 ; 24 (1) : 101. [pub] 20240430

BMC Med Res Methodol
ISSN 1471-2288
Medvik
Zdroj

BACKGROUND: Vaccine efficacy (VE) assessed in a randomized controlled clinical trial can be affected by demographic, clinical, and other subject-specific characteristics evaluated as baseline covariates. Understanding the effect of covariates on efficacy is key to decisions by vaccine developers and public health authorities. METHODS: This work evaluates the impact of including correlate of protection (CoP) data in logistic regression on its performance in identifying statistically and clinically significant covariates in settings typical for a vaccine phase 3 trial. The proposed approach uses CoP data and covariate data as predictors of clinical outcome (diseased versus non-diseased) and is compared to logistic regression (without CoP data) to relate vaccination status and covariate data to clinical outcome. RESULTS: Clinical trial simulations, in which the true relationship between CoP data and clinical outcome probability is a sigmoid function, show that use of CoP data increases the positive predictive value for detection of a covariate effect. If the true relationship is characterized by a decreasing convex function, use of CoP data does not substantially change positive or negative predictive value. In either scenario, vaccine efficacy is estimated more precisely (i.e., confidence intervals are narrower) in covariate-defined subgroups if CoP data are used, implying that using CoP data increases the ability to determine clinical significance of baseline covariate effects on efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: This study proposes and evaluates a novel approach for assessing baseline demographic covariates potentially affecting VE. Results show that the proposed approach can sensitively and specifically identify potentially important covariates and provides a method for evaluating their likely clinical significance in terms of predicted impact on vaccine efficacy. It shows further that inclusion of CoP data can enable more precise VE estimation, thus enhancing study power and/or efficiency and providing even better information to support health policy and development decisions.

Článek

Agency in urgency and uncertainty. Vaccines and vaccination in European media discourses

Social science & medicine. 2024 ; 346 (-) : 116725. [pub] 20240228

Soc Sci Med
ISSN 1873-5347
Medvik
Zdroj

Although Covid-19 was not the first pandemic, it was unique in the scale and intensity with which societies responded. Countries reacted differently to the threat posed by the new virus. The public health crisis affected European societies in many ways. It also influenced the way the media portrayed vaccines and discussed factors related to vaccine hesitancy. Europeans differed in their risk perceptions, attitudes towards vaccines and vaccine uptake. In European countries, Covid-19-related discourses were at the centre of media attention for many months. This paper reports on a media analysis which revealed significant differences as well as some similarities in the media debates in different countries. The study focused on seven European countries and considered two dimensions of comparison: between the pre-Covid period and the beginning of the Covid pandemic period, and between countries. The rich methodological approach, including linguistics, semantic field analysis and discourse analysis of mainstream news media, allowed the authors to explore the set of meanings related to vaccination that might influence actors' agency. This approach led the authors to redefine vaccine hesitancy in terms of characteristics of the "society in the situation" rather than the psychological profile of individuals. We argue that vaccine hesitancy can be understood in terms of agency and temporality. This dilemma of choice that transforms the present into an irreversible past and must be taken in relation to an uncertain future, is particularly acute under the pressure of urgency and when someone's health is at stake. As such, it is linked to how vaccine meaning is co-produced within public discourses.

MeSH
COVID-19 * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
lidé MeSH
nejistota MeSH
sociální média * MeSH
vakcinace MeSH
vakcíny * terapeutické užití MeSH
Check Tag
lidé MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
Geografické názvy
Evropa MeSH

Článek online

Vývoj očkovacích látek - kam se ubírá jejich vývoj, typy, působení, nová doporučení
[Progression of vaccines - where it's going, sorts, effect, new recommendations]

Slezák, Pavel
Autor Autorita Středisko očkování a cestovního lékařství, s. r. o., Pardubice

Farmacie pro praxi. 2023 ; 19 (4) : e14-e17. [pub] 20231223

ISSN 2788-1709
Medvik
Zdroj

Očkovací látky a princip očkování jsou jedním z největších objevů na poli medicíny. I když má očkování dlouhou historii, stále se vyvíjí a rychlost vývoje, včetně nástupu nových typů vakcín a jejich využití, se zrychluje. Článek je metodickým úvodem do problematiky očkování se zaměřením na dospělé. Popisuje základní směry vývoje vakcín, jejich typologické rozdělení a základní principy jejich účinku. V závěru jsou formulována základní doporučení pro očkování dospělých: dodržovat předepsaná pravidelná očkování, doporučovat sezónně důležitá očkování, očkovat těhotné, zaměřit se na chronicky nemocné a seniory a neodrazovat od očkování, pokud o něj sám pacient projeví zájem.

The development of vaccines, types, effects, new recommendations. Vaccination is one of the greatest discoveries in the field of medicine. Although vaccination has a long history, it is still evolving, and the development is accelerating. The article is a methodical introduction to the issue of vaccination with a focus on adults. It describes the basic directions of vaccine development, types of vaccines, and the basic principles of their effect. In the conclusion, basic recommendations for vaccination of adults are formulated: comply with prescribed regular vaccinations, recommend seasonally important vaccinations, vaccinate pregnant women, focus on the chronically ill and the elderly, and do not discourage vaccination.