The normal retinal development is interrupted by preterm birth and a retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may develop as its consequence. ROP is characterized by aberrant vessel formation in the retina as a response to multiple risk factors influencing the process of retinal angiogenesis. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play an important role in the process of normal retinal vascularization. Insufficient nutrition during the first 4 postnatal weeks results in low serum levels of IGF-1, which is essential for correct retinal vessels formation, ensuring survival of the newly formed endothelial cells. Low IGF-1 level results in stop of angiogenesis in the retina, leaving it avascular and prompting the onset of ROP. Keeping the newborns in a positive energetic balance by providing enough nutrients and energy has a beneficial impact on their growth, neurodevelopment and decreased incidence of ROP. The best way to achieve this is the early parenteral nutrition with the high content of nutrients combined with early enteral feeding by the own mother ́s breast milk. Multiple studies confirmed the safety and efficacy of early aggressive nutrition but information about its long-term effects on the metabolism, growth and development is still needed.

• MeSH
• Energy Intake physiology   MeSH
• Enteral Nutrition trends   MeSH
• Insulin-Like Growth Factor I metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Milk, Human metabolism   MeSH
• Infant, Premature metabolism   MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Nutritional Status physiology   MeSH
• Retina growth & development   metabolism   MeSH
• Retinopathy of Prematurity diet therapy   metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Pediatrics MeSH

• Conspectus
• Pediatrie
• NML Fields
• pediatrie
• NML Publication type
• učebnice vysokých škol

• MeSH
• Retroviridae MeSH
• Retroviridae Infections MeSH

• Conspectus
• Mikrobiologie
• NML Fields
• mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
• infekční lékařství

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• kardiologie
• angiologie

• MeSH
• Dental Care for Children methods   MeSH
• Pediatric Dentistry methods   MeSH

• Conspectus
• Stomatologie
• NML Fields
• pediatrie
• zubní lékařství
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

Sledování individuálního růstu je v pediatrické praxi vyžadováno denně a často je doprovázeno potřebou podrobnějších analýz. Analýzu lidského růstu potřebují také sportovní antropologové a výzkumníci v oblasti biologie člověka. Přínosem by tedy byla pokročilá a zároveň snadno použitelná a bezplatná aplikace, která by pediatrům, auxologům a výzkumným pracovníkům v oblasti biologie člověka umožňovala provádět hloubkovou analýzu postnatálního růstu. Aplikace GROWTH byla vyvinuta na základě pochopení biologických procesů lidského růstu a matematických přístupů, které poskytují nejvhodnější model pro individuální (longitudinální) empirická data. Aplikace je navržena tak, aby ji bylo možné používat v každodenní pediatrické praxi. Poskytuje lékařům nástroje pro sledování růstu, předpovídání dosažené výšky a diagnostiku patologických růstových vzorců. Pokročilá analýza zahrnuje odhad časování hlavních růstových milníků. Současná verze je vyvrcholením několikastupňového vývoje aplikace a je založena na metodě FPCA (funkční analýza hlavních komponent) s numerickou optimalizací. Výstupní parametry jsou snadno použitelné a zobrazují se numericky i graficky.

Monitoring of individual growth is required on daily basis in paediatric practice, often accompanied by need for more in-depth analyses. Sports anthropologists and researchers in the fi eld of human biology also need to analyze human growth. To allow clinicians and researchers to monitor human growth and analyze it in advanced manner, easy-to-use free application would be beneficial. The application, GROWTH, was developed based on an understanding of the biological processes of human growth and mathematical approaches that provide the most appropriate model for individual (longitudinal) empirical data. The application is designed to be used in daily paediatric practice. It provides clinicians with tools to monitor growth, predict attained height and diagnose pathological growth patterns. Advanced analysis includes the timing of major growth milestones. The current version is the culmination of a multi-stage development of the application and is based on Functional Principal Components Analysis method with numerical optimization. The output parameters are easy to use and are displayed both numerically and graphically.

The investigation is based on a longitudinal cephalometric investigation of lateral teleroentgenographic pictures of male patients with a complete unilateral cleft of the lip and palate. Using cluster analysis the authors investigated the relationship of 75 craniofacial characteristics of size, shape and position during the time interval from 10 to 18 years of age. The main objective of the work was to characterize the development of intracranial relations during the pubertal spurt and compare the final condition in adulthood with a control group. The angle of the cranial base and its effect on the position of the mandibular joint did not change during the investigation period. The relationship between the rotation of the mandible and the inclination of the upper alveolar process with the protrusion of different parts of the skeletal profile also remained constant. Up to adulthood, the rotation of the mandible developed independently of the sagittal intermaxillary relations. The relationship between the sagittal intermaxillary relations and other parts of the face did, however, change. Before the onset of puberty it was influenced most by the reduced length of the maxilla. The inadequacy of maxillary growth was balanced during this period by a change in the shape and position of the mandible. Its adaptative capacities could not compensate tater for this uneven development of the jaws potentiated by the pubertal growth spurt. Due to this the intermaxillary relations deteriorated at the end of development in the majority of patients. The association of the restricted vertical maxillary growth with its retroposition was manifested only in adulthood. Intracranial relations of the control group differed from those in the group with clefts. Sagittal intermaxillary and dental relations were not associated in healthy men. As individual probands were not linked by any restriction of growth or development, no Glose relationship developed between the shape characteristics of the lower jaw, which is the main compensatory adaptative mechanistu.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Cephalometry MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Cleft Palate MeSH
• Cleft Lip MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH

Species differences in the effect of male gonadal androgens on male growth are considered a possible mechanism allowing shifts in magnitude and even direction of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in squamate reptiles. According to the bipotential growth regulation hypothesis, the androgen testosterone (T) enhances male growth in species with male-biased SSD and conversely inhibits male growth in males of female-larger species. In the present study, we describe the ontogeny of the pronounced female-biased SSD and report the effect of T on growth via hormonal manipulations in males and females of the Malaysian cat gecko (Aeluroscalabotes felinus). In accord with the predictions of the bipotential growth regulation hypothesis, growth was inhibited by replacement of T in castrated males. Additionally, exogenous T inhibited growth of females to male-typical levels. Nevertheless, male castration alone did not significantly affect growth, contrary to the prediction of the bipotential growth regulation hypothesis, which contradicts the generality of this hypothesis. Application of exogenous T to females can interfere with normal ovarian function. Therefore, although not directly tested in this study, we suggest that ovarian effects on the ontogeny of SSD in A. felinus are consistent with our results. The development of SSD is a function of differential growth between the sexes, and potential sex-specific growth regulation in both males and females should be taken into account as possible proximate mechanisms responsible for SSD.

• MeSH
• Lizards growth & development   metabolism   MeSH
• Castration MeSH
• Sex Characteristics MeSH
• Testosterone metabolism   pharmacology   MeSH
• Body Size drug effects   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of terbuthylazine in surface waters on fish under experimental conditions. Subchronic toxic effects on embryos and larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated during a 30-day toxicity test. The exposure to terbuthylazin showed no effect on mortality, but significant differences (P < 0.0001) were revealed on weight and growth parameters at concentrations of 520 and 820 μg/L. The inhibition of specific growth rate at concentrations of 520 and 820 μg/L was 14% compared to the control group. No significant negative effects on total body length and body weight were observed at lower concentrations (0.9 and 160 μg/L). The concentrations 520 and 820 μg/L were associated with a delay in development compared to other experimental groups and controls. On the basis of weight and growth rate evaluation and determination of developmental stages, the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) of terbuthylazine was estimated at 160 μg/L and the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) was 520 μg/L. According to these results, the reported environmental concentration of terbuthylazine in Czech rivers does not impact growth, development, morphology, or histology of carp embryos and larvae.

• MeSH
• Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity   MeSH
• Herbicides toxicity   MeSH
• Carps embryology   growth & development   MeSH
• Survival Rate MeSH
• Triazines toxicity   MeSH
• Environmental Exposure adverse effects   MeSH
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH