Action-effect processing
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N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamát (NAAG) je agonistou metabotropních glutamátových receptorů skupiny II. Cílem naší studie bylo zjistit, jestli neonatální (12. postnatální den) intacerebroventrikulární (i.c.v.) infuze NAAG, která vede k excitotoxickému poškození neuronů, neovlivní psychóze podobné chování způsobené podáním dizocilpinu (MK-801) v časné dospělosti (50. postnatální den). Chování potkanů bylo charakterizováno v testu otevřeného pole („open field test“). Dále byl sledován vliv neonatálně infundovaného NAAG na deficit ve zpracování senzorických informací (měřeno jako prepulzní inhibice – PPI – akustické úlekové reakce) způsobený i.p. injekcí MK-801. Pozorování svědčí pro významnou změnu chování potkana po podání MK-801, a to jak v testu otevřeného pole, tak i v PPI úlekové reakce. Samotné neonatální poškození mozku způsobené NAAG nemělo výrazný vliv ani na adaptivní chování ani na velikost PPI potkana v jeho časné dospělosti. Toto neonatální poškození mozku však snížilo deficit PPI u mladých dospělých zvířat způsobený i.p. injekcí MK-801, ale nemělo významný vliv na chování takto ovlivněných zvířat v testu otevřeného pole. Mechanizmus tohoto „protektivního“ účinku neonatální mozkové léze způsobené NAAG na zpracování senzorimotorických informací je diskutován.
N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG) acts as an agonist of metabotropic glutamate receptors group II (mGluR II). The goal of the study was to investigate if intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of NAAG (on postnatal day 12), leading to an neonatal (excitotoxic) brain lesion, can influence the psychosis-like behavior induced by dizocilpine (MK-801) in young adult rats (on postnatal day 50). Rat behavior was assessed by an open field test. Furthermore, the effect of neonatal brain damage on deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response was investigated after the injection of MK-801. Obtained data revealed important changes in the rat behavior induced by injected MK-801 both in the open field test and in PPI. The neonatal NAAG-induced brain damage did not significantly change the adaptive behavior of young adults in the open field test and senzorimotor gating ascertained as PPI of acoustic startle. However, the neonatal infusion of NAAG decreased the deficits in PPI induced by administered MK-801 in early adulthood but did not alter significantly adaptive behavior in the open field test. Possible mechanisms of the „protective“ action of neonatal brain lesion induced by NAAG on the sensorimotor information processing will be discussed.
- MeSH
- chování MeSH
- dizocilpinmaleát aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- mozek patologie účinky léků MeSH
- receptory metabotropního glutamátu agonisté aplikace a dávkování fyziologie MeSH
- receptory N-methyl-D-aspartátu fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
In the present study, we investigated the modulatory influence of the unconscious, bodily arousal on motor-related embodied information. Specifically, we examined how the interoceptive prediction error interacts with the event-related potentials linked to action-effect processing. Participants were asked to perform a task with self-initiated or externally-triggered sounds while receiving synchronous or false auditory cardiac feedback. The results found that interaction of interoceptive manipulation and action-effect processing modulates the frontal subcomponent of the P3 response. During the synchronous cardiac feedback, the P3 response to self-initiated tones was enhanced. During the false cardiac feedback, the frontal cortical response was reversed. N1 and P2 components were affected by the interoceptive manipulation, but not by the interaction of interoception and action processing. These findings provide experimental support for the theoretical accounts of the interaction between interoception and action processing within a framework of predictive coding, manifested particularly in the higher stages of action processing.
- MeSH
- arousal MeSH
- evokované potenciály fyziologie MeSH
- interocepce * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senzorická zpětná vazba MeSH
- srdce MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
MAIN CONCLUSION: Seed-processing technologies such as polishing and washing enhance crop seed quality by limited removal of the outer layers and by leaching. Combined, this removes chemical compounds that inhibit germination. Industrial processing to deliver high-quality commercial seed includes removing chemical inhibitors of germination, and is essential to produce fresh sprouts, achieve vigorous crop establishment, and high yield potential in the field. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. altissima Doell.), the main sugar source of the temperate agricultural zone, routinely undergoes several processing steps during seed production to improve germination performance and seedling growth. Germination assays and seedling phenotyping was carried out on unprocessed, and processed (polished and washed) sugar beet fruits. Pericarp-derived solutes, known to inhibit germination, were tested in germination assays and their osmolality and conductivity assessed (ions). Abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA metabolites were quantified in both the true seed and pericarp tissue using UPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS. Physical changes in the pericarp structures were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that polishing and washing of the sugar beet fruits both had a positive effect on germination performance and seedling phenotype, and when combined, this positive effect was stronger. The mechanical action of polishing removed the outer pericarp (fruit coat) tissue (parenchyma), leaving the inner tissue (sclerenchyma) unaltered, as revealed by SEM. Polishing as well as washing removed germination inhibitors from the pericarp, specifically, ABA, ABA metabolites, and ions. Understanding the biochemistry underpinning the effectiveness of these processing treatments is key to driving further innovations in commercial seed quality.
AIM: Bibliographic processing of the historical book collections of the National Medical Library of Czech Republic using modern technologies. METHODS: Records for historical book collections were created de visu. Rules used: AACR2, ISBD (A); format used: UNIMARC; subject indexing: MeSH, Konspekt, UDC. Every exemplar has its own bibliographic record (copy description). Every item (bounding items) has a separate record too; these records are linked through linking entries. To bibliographic records, scans of title pages, interesting book bindings, illustrations, exlibris etc in jpg format are added. Most records contain notes regarding the copy in hand, action notes and provenance notes. RESULTS: During two years the Rare Prints Collection and the Fritz Collection were processed (some 1300 bibliographic records). Records are available on www.nlk.cz in the Medvik system. In this database it is possible to search by: title, author, secondary author, printer, conservator, place of publication (in the present form), publisher name, date of publication, subject. The proposed procedure appears labor, time and finance intensive. DISCUSSION: Is our proposed processing method effective? Is it necessary to create so extensive bibliographic records, when the user base is not so large? If minimal bibliographic records were used, could historical book collections be processed quicker and cheaper? CONCLUSIONS: Processing historical book collections in National Medical Library of Czech Republic allows modern searching for old prints in a computer database. User evaluation is very high. Our library plans to continue this processing until all historical collections are attended to. These activities are good starting point for digitizing of historical collections which is goal of our library in the future.
- MeSH
- katalogizace MeSH
- lékařské knihovny MeSH
- vzácné tisky MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakty MeSH
Glukokortikoidy jsou protizánětlivá léčiva, která ovlivňují expresi genů, transkripci v jádře, posttranskripční a posttranslační mechanismy v cytoplazmě. Aktivita prozánětlivých proteinů je regulována i posttranskripčními mechanismy, které ovlivňují stabilitu mRNA. Pochopení nových signálních drah regulujících protizánětlivou aktivitu glukokortikoidů je cestou k dosažení maximální léčebné odpovědi v organismu.
Glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory drugs that regulate gene expression, nuclear transcription and post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms in the cytoplasm. The activity of the anti-inflammatory proteins is also regulated by the post-transcriptional mechanisms that control mRNA stability. Understanding new signalling pathways involved in the regulation of anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is prerequisite for achieving the best possible therapeutic response.
- MeSH
- glukokortikoidy farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- histony imunologie metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- posttranskripční úpravy RNA genetika imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- posttranslační úpravy proteinů genetika účinky léků MeSH
- regulace genové exprese genetika imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- zánět farmakoterapie genetika imunologie MeSH
RATIONALE: Augmentation therapy with serotonin-1A receptor (5-HT1A) partial agonists has been suggested to ameliorate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of repeated administration of tandospirone (0.05 and 5 mg/kg) on locomotor activity in a novel environment and on sensorimotor gating in rats treated with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801, which has been used in animal models of schizophrenia. Furthermore, we sought to determine whether the effect of tandospirone on these behavioural measures is blocked by WAY 100635 (0.3 mg/kg), a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, and whether there is an interaction between haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg; a dopamine-D2 receptor antagonist) and tandospirone. RESULTS: Tandospirone at 5 mg/kg, but not 0.05 mg/kg, decreased locomotor activity in saline or MK-801-treated rats, which were not affected by co-treatment with WAY 100635. Haloperidol decreased locomotion both in saline and MK-801-treated animals, and this effect was not evident in the latter group receiving the higher dose of tandospirone. Tandospirone (5 mg/kg)-induced disruption of sensorimotor gating in saline or MK-801-treated animals was reversed by WAY-100635, but not by haloperidol. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that behavioural changes induced by tandospirone are not fully blocked by 5-HT1A antagonists and that tandospirone (5 mg/kg) potentiates the effect of MK-801. Overall, these findings point to an interaction between NMDA and 5-HT(1A) receptors. Part of the effect of tandospirone on locomotor activity may be mediated by the actions of its active metabolites on other neurotransmitter systems.
- MeSH
- agonisté serotoninových receptorů aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- antagonisté excitačních aminokyselin toxicita MeSH
- antipsychotika farmakologie MeSH
- dizocilpinmaleát toxicita MeSH
- haloperidol farmakologie MeSH
- isoindoly aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- piperaziny aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- pohybová aktivita účinky léků MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- pyrimidiny aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- receptor serotoninový 5-HT1A účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- schizofrenie farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- senzorický gating účinky léků MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
