Svalová zdatnost představuje klíčovou složku zdraví, jejíž přesné hodnocení je zásadní. Vzhledem k vývoji v oblasti fitness narůstá potřeba zkoumat nové testovací metody, přizpůsobené specifickým podmínkám a demografickým skupinám. Tato pilotní studie se zaměřuje na korelaci mezi tradičními a inovativními testy svalové zdatnosti, s důrazem na jejich zastupitelnost u zdravé dospělé populace. Studie srovnává zavedené testy, jako jsou síla stisku ruky, kliky, leh-sedy a skok do dálky z místa, s inovativními testy, konkrétně dynamometrií pro hodnocení zad a nohou, dřepy a hodem medicinbalem. Výzkumný vzorek zahrnoval zdravé muže a ženy (n = 36) s průměrným věkem 21,3 let. Korelační analýza pomocí Pearsonova korelačního koeficientu ukázala významnou pozitivní korelaci mezi stiskem ruky a dynamometrií zad a nohou (r = 0,842, p < 0,01), což naznačuje, že tyto testy hodnotí komplementární aspekty svalové síly. Podobně hod medicinbalem vykazoval silnou korelaci se silou stisku ruky (r = 0,805, p < 0,01), což poukazuje na jeho efektivitu při hodnocení explozivní síly. Na- opak dřepy vykázaly slabou korelaci s tradičními vytrvalostními testy, jako jsou sedy-lehy (r = 0,125, p > 0,05), což naznačuje zapojení odlišných svalových skupin a aspektů vytrvalosti. Zjištěné korelace podtrhují komplexní povahu svalové zdatnosti, kde inovativní testy mohou tradiční metody jen částečně nahradit. Pro potvrzení těchto předběžných zjištění je však zapotřebí dalšího výzkumu na větších a rozmanitějších vzorcích.

Muscular fitness is a key component of health, and its accurate assessment is crucial. Due to developments in the field of fitness, there is an increasing need to explore new testing methods tailored to specific conditions and demographic groups. This pilot study focuses on the correlation between traditional and innovative muscular fitness tests, emphasizing their substitutability in a healthy adult population. The study compares established tests such as handgrip strength, push-ups, sit-ups, and standing long jump with innovative tests, specifically dynamometry for assessing the back and legs, squats, and medicine ball throws. The research sample included healthy males and females (n = 36) with an average age of 21.3 years. Correlational analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a significant positive correlation between handgrip strength and dynamometry of the back and legs (r = 0.842, p < 0.01), suggesting that these tests assess complementary aspects of muscular strength. Similarly, the medicine ball throw showed a strong correlation with handgrip strength (r = 0.805, p < 0.01), indicating its effectiveness in assessing explosive strength. In contrast, squats showed a weak correlation with traditional endurance tests, such as sit-ups (r = 0.125, p > 0.05), indicating the involvement of different muscle groups and aspects of endurance. The identified correlations highlight the complex nature of muscular fitness, where innovative tests may only partially replace traditional methods. However, further research with larger and more diverse samples is needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

• MeSH
• Correlation of Data MeSH
• Muscle, Skeletal physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Pilot Projects MeSH
• Muscle Strength * physiology   MeSH
• Physical Fitness physiology   MeSH
• Exercise Test * classification   methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH

Relationship of bioelectrical properties of human body and vertical jump performance is still unexplored, especially in non-athletic population. The aim of this study is to evaluate association of bioelectrical impedance results with mean force and power of the lower limbs in non-athletic young adults, and to evaluate differences between sexes in both bioelectrical impedance results and vertical jump performance. The cross-sectional study included 75 healthy non-athletic college students (40 women and 35 men aged 19-24 years). Whole-body bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed for phase angle and body composition. Force and power of lower limbs were assessed by vertical jump test. There is difference between sexes in both body composition and vertical jump performance. Along to higher content of muscles (47.5% vs 40.5%) and lower content of fat in the body (19.25% vs 28.19%), men also had higher mean force (3691.75 N vs 2351.44 N) and explosive power of the lower limbs (5627.19 W vs 2752.21 W) compared to women. Leg force and power are in correlation with body composition and with phase angle obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Difference between sexes in force and power of the legs persists even after adjustment for body composition.

A single protein structure is rarely sufficient to capture the conformational variability of a protein. Both bound and unbound (holo and apo) forms of a protein are essential for understanding its geometry and making meaningful comparisons. Nevertheless, docking or drug design studies often still consider only single protein structures in their holo form, which are for the most part rigid. With the recent explosion in the field of structural biology, large, curated datasets are urgently needed. Here, we use a previously developed application (AHoJ) to perform a comprehensive search for apo-holo pairs for 468,293 biologically relevant protein-ligand interactions across 27,983 proteins. In each search, the binding pocket is captured and mapped across existing structures within the same UniProt, and the mapped pockets are annotated as apo or holo, based on the presence or absence of ligands. We assemble the results into a database, AHoJ-DB (www.apoholo.cz/db), that captures the variability of proteins with identical sequences, thereby exposing the agents responsible for the observed differences in geometry. We report several metrics for each annotated pocket, and we also include binding pockets that form at the interface of multiple chains. Analysis of the database shows that about 24% of the binding sites occur at the interface of two or more chains and that less than 50% of the total binding sites processed have an apo form in the PDB. These results can be used to train and evaluate predictors, discover potentially druggable proteins, and reveal protein- and ligand-specific relationships that were previously obscured by intermittent or partial data. Availability: www.apoholo.cz/db.

• MeSH
• Apoproteins chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Databases, Protein * MeSH
• Protein Conformation * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Ligands MeSH
• Models, Molecular MeSH
• Proteins * chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Protein Binding * MeSH
• Binding Sites MeSH
• Computational Biology methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Purpose: Although several studies investigated the effect of plyometric training on physical performance, there is a lack of clarity regarding the effectiveness of plyometric training or its moderator variables in youth female volleyball players. The primary aim of this study was to explore the effect of horizontal plyometric training on explosive stretch-shortening cycle hops and jumps in the vertical and horizontal directions in female post peak height velocity (PHV) volleyball players. The secondary aim was to assess the influence of participant and training related moderators on horizontal plyometric training in post-PHV volleyball players. Methods: A total of 23 post-PHV volleyball players participated in this 8-week intervention with horizontal plyometric exercises, twice a week. Pre-testing and post-testing included bilateral and unilateral vertical sub-maximal hopping, horizontal jumping and hopping, and a drop jump test. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed using a paired t-test. The influence of internal moderators such as age, maturity and body mass and external moderators such as training volume were assessed using regression and correlation analysis. Results: An 8-week plyometric training improved sub-maximal hopping at 2.5 Hz left by 4.4%, bilateral sub-maximal hopping at 2.0 Hz by 9.5% and bilateral sub-maximal hopping at 2.2 Hz by 6.8% in post-PHV female volleyball players. Horizontal jumping and hopping, reactive strength index and other sub-maximal hopping conditions did not improve significantly. Body mass had a large moderating effect on vertical unilateral sub-maximal hopping at 2.5 Hz right (p = 0.010, η2 = 0.314), vertical unilateral hopping at 3.0 Hz right (p = 0.035, η2 = 0.170), and vertical unilateral hopping at 3.0 Hz left (p = 0.043, η2 = 0.203). Training volume together with generalized joint hypermobility moderated right leg triple broad hop performance, whereas maturity and age did not moderate any variables. Conclusion: This study determined that 8 weeks of horizontal plyometric training can improve unilateral absolute leg stiffness in post-PHV female volleyball players, and this training effect can be moderated by body mass. Furthermore, the training effect on triple hopping performance on the right leg can be moderated by combined training volume with generalized joint hypermobility.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine relationships of external load variables between beach and indoor volleyball amongst individual positions on the team. The movements of eight beach and fourteen indoor female volleyball players were recorded during elite playoff matches; in total, 2,336 three-dimensional trajectories were analyzed. Time-outs and intervals between rallies or sets were excluded from active play time. In both beach and indoor volleyball, 80% of rallies lasted up to 10 s, and players covered 4.5 to 10 m of court during 60% of rally play. Differences in dependent variables of external load were found between independent variables of sports and player positions (p < 0.05). The distance covered in beach volleyball rallies and Player LoadTM parameters was significantly higher by up to 23%. The unstable court surface with sand in beach volleyball elevated explosive Player LoadTM (accelerations in all three orthogonal planes of motion higher than 3.5 m/s3) in beach volleyball players compared to those of players on stable flooring in indoor. While beach volleyball blocker and defender positions showed no significant difference in parameters between each other, they differed in all parameters when compared to player positions in indoor volleyball. Indoor blocker and libero reached higher loads than setter, outside and opposite positions in various parameters. Factors that influence external load include the larger relative court areas covered by each player in beach volleyball, complexity of players' roles, and game strategy. This data adds to the knowledge of elite match demands in female volleyball. Specified agility-drill distances and times are essential for training optimization and must be supported by scientific observation. Researchers, coaches, and conditioning specialists should find this helpful for achieving a higher degree of training regulation.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Conditioning, Operant MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Volleyball * MeSH
• Explosive Agents * MeSH
• Acceleration MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Bronchogenní karcinom co do výskytu a mortality zaujímá nepěkné přední příčky v České republice, ale i ve světě. Jedná se o agresivní neuroendokrinní nádor charakterizovaný časnými a mnohačetnými metastázami, které vyžadují rychlou léčbu, jinak přežití nemocných je v řádu týdnů až měsíců. Přestože v léčbě nemalobuněčného karcinomu plic za posledních 20 let došlo až k explozivnímu rozvoji farmakoterapie, v případě malobuněčného karcinomu jsme neměli žádný nový léčebný arzenál. Cílená léčba pro tento typ nádoru není v dohlednu. V posledních letech nám dali jistou naději probíhající studie s imunoterapií a rok 2022 se stal zlomovým i po stránce úhrady imunoterapie. Stále však je třeba mít na paměti, že malobuněčný karcinom plic zůstává chorobou se špatnou prognózou.

Bronchogenic carcinoma has a high incidence and mortality rate in the Czech Republic and worldwide. It is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumour characterised by early and multiple metastases that require rapid treatment, otherwise survival of patients is in the range of weeks to months. Although there have been explosive advances in pharmacotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer over the past 20 years, we have had no new therapeutic arsenal for small cell carcinoma. Targeted therapy for this type of tumor is not in sight. In recent years, ongoing trials with immunotherapy have given us some hope, and 2022 has also become a turning point in terms of reimbursement for immunotherapy. However, we still need to bear in mind that small cell carcinoma of the lung remains a disease with a poor prognosis.

• Keywords
• atezolizumab, durvalumab,
• MeSH
• Survival Analysis MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Small Cell Lung Carcinoma * drug therapy   MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Antineoplastic Protocols MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

ABSTRACT: Štefan, L, Kasović, M, and Culej, M. Normative values for health-related physical fitness in first-year police officers. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2530-2535, 2022-The main aim of the study was to develop normative values for health-related physical fitness tests in first-year police officers. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 773 police officers aged 19-28 years old (mean age ± SD = 22 ± 3 years, 34% women). Health-related physical fitness included: (a) polygon backwards (agility), (b) standing broad jump (explosive power of lower extremities), (c) sit-and-reach test (flexibility), and (d) 2.4 km run (aerobic capacity). In addition, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇ o2 max) was calculated. Sex- and age-specific centile smoothed curves for the 20th, 40th, 60 th , and 80th percentiles using Cole's LMS method were created. The results showed that men performed better in all health-related physical fitness tests ( p < 0.001), compared with women. The median values for polygon backwards, standing broad jump, sit-and-reach test, 2.4 km run and V̇ o2 max were 8 seconds, 210, 15 cm, 721 seconds and 49 mlO 2 ·kg -1 ·min -1 in men and 10 seconds, 165, 10 cm, 915 seconds and 39 mlO 2 ·kg -1 ·min -1 in women. No significant interaction between age and health-related physical fitness was observed. This study provides sex- and age-specific normative values for health-related physical fitness in police officers. Findings from this study may be used in detecting a group of police officers who have lower levels of physical fitness. Thus, policies aiming to enhance the level of physical fitness could be implemented within the system.

• MeSH
• Exercise MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Police * MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Sex Factors MeSH
• Physical Fitness * MeSH
• Exercise Test MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The relationship between an athlete's somatotype three-numeral rating and his or her athletic performance is well known. However, a direct effect of the different dominant somatotype on jumping and sprinting variables has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dominant somatotype on sport-specific explosive variables. One hundred and twelve physically active young adults (mean ± standard deviation age: 21.82 ± 3.18 years) were somatotype-rated using the Heath-Carter method. Participants were classified as balanced ectomorph, balanced mesomorph, central, mesomorph-endomorph, and mesomorphic ectomorph. Vertical jump and linear sprint tests were performed to measure peak lower body performance and sprint variables (time, speed, and momentum), respectively. The analysis revealed that balanced mesomorph had significantly higher vertical jump (effect size (ES) = 1.10, p = 0.005) and power to body mass (ES = 1.04, p = 0.023) than mesomorph-endomorph. In addition, balanced mesomorph showed significantly superior performance in 30-m sprint time and velocity than central and mesomorph-endomorph (ES range = 0.93-1, p < 0.05). Finally, balanced ectomorph (ES = 1.12, p = 0.009) and mesomorphic ectomorph (ES = 1.10, p = 0.017) were lower in sprint momentum compared to balanced mesomorphs. In conclusion, this study has shown the importance of the interaction between subtypes and athletic performance. The knowledge gained may be important in identifying those who tend to perform well in sports with explosive power and in prescribing training programs.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Somatotypes * MeSH
• Sports * MeSH
• Health Status MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The pharmaceutical industry has to tackle the explosion of high amounts of poorly soluble APIs. This phenomenon leads to numerous sophisticated solutions. These include the use of multifactorial data analysis identifying correlations between the components and dosage form properties, laboratory and production process parameters with respect to the API liberation Example of such API is bicalutamide. Improved liberation is achieved by particle size reduction. Laboratory batches, with different PSD of API, were filled into gelatinous capsules and consequently granulated for tablet compression. Comparative dissolution profiles with Casodex 150 mg (Astra Zeneca) were performed. The component analysis was used for the statistical evaluation of f1 and f2 factors and D(v,0.9) and D[4,3] parameters of PSD to identify optimal PSD values. Suitable PSD limits for API were statistically confirmed in laboratory and in commercial scale with respect to optimized tablet properties. The tablets were bioequivalent with originator (n = 20; 90% CI for ln AUC0-120: 99.8-111.9%; 90% CI for ln cmax: 101.1-112.9%). In conclusion, the micronisation of the API is still an efficient and inexpensive method improving the bioavailability, although there are more complicated and expensive methods available. Statistical multifactorial methods improved the safety and reproducibility of production.

• MeSH
• Anilides chemical synthesis   metabolism   MeSH
• Biological Availability MeSH
• Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods   MeSH
• Multivariate Analysis MeSH
• Nitriles chemical synthesis   metabolism   MeSH
• Tablets MeSH
• Therapeutic Equivalency MeSH
• Tosyl Compounds chemical synthesis   metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: Although evidence suggests that functional endurance capacity is the most important component associated with future health, little is known of how it is associated with multiple other physical fitness components. Since various physical fitness aspects do not change the same as functional endurance capacity during childhood, it is necessary to establish possible associations between functional endurance capacity and other physical fitness components in children. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to test the associations between functional endurance capacity with other physical fitness components in 7-14-year-old children, stratified by gender. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 1612 children [mean age ± standard deviation (SD) = 9.72 ± 2.37 years; 52.5% girls). Health-related physical fitness components included: 1) body-mass index (kg/m2) calculated from height and weight (measure of body size), 2) sit-and-reach test (measure of flexibility), 3) standing broad jump (measure of explosive strength of lower extremities), 4) sit-ups in 30 s (measure of repetitive strength of the trunk), 5) 10 × 5 shuttle run test (measure of agility) and 6) 20-m shuttle run test (measure of functional endurance capacity). The associations were performed using generalized estimating equations with beta (β) coefficients. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, functional endurance capacity was associated with sit-and-reach test (β = 0.13, p < 0.001), standing broad jump (β = 0.59, p < 0.001), sit-ups in 30 s (β = 0.53, p < 0.001) and 10 × 5 shuttle run test (β = - 0.56, p < 0.001) in boys. In girls, functional endurance capacity was associated with body-mass index (β = - 0.12, p < 0.001), sit-and-reach test (β = 0.21, p < 0.001), standing broad jump (β = 0.25, p < 0.001), sit-ups in 30 s (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) and 10 × 5 shuttle run test (β = - 0.40, p < 0.001). No significant associations between functional endurance capacity and body-mass index in boys were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although significant, functional endurance capacity is weakly to moderately associated with other physical fitness components, pointing out that such measure should be tested separately from other aspects of physical fitness in school-aged children.

• MeSH
• Exercise * MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Body Weight MeSH
• Physical Fitness * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH