PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A critical evaluation of contemporary literature regarding the role of big data, artificial intelligence, and digital technologies in precision cardio-oncology care and survivorship, emphasizing innovative and groundbreaking endeavors. RECENT FINDINGS: Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm models can automate the risk assessment process and augment current subjective clinical decision tools. AI, particularly machine learning (ML), can identify medically significant patterns in large data sets. Machine learning in cardio-oncology care has great potential in screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and managing cancer therapy-related cardiovascular complications. To this end, large-scale imaging data and clinical information are being leveraged in training efficient AI algorithms that may lead to effective clinical tools for caring for this vulnerable population. Telemedicine may benefit cardio-oncology patients by enhancing healthcare delivery through lowering costs, improving quality, and personalizing care. Similarly, the utilization of wearable biosensors and mobile health technology for remote monitoring holds the potential to improve cardio-oncology outcomes through early intervention and deeper clinical insight. Investigations are ongoing regarding the application of digital health tools such as telemedicine and remote monitoring devices in enhancing the functional status and recovery of cancer patients, particularly those with limited access to centralized services, by increasing physical activity levels and providing access to rehabilitation services. SUMMARY: In recent years, advances in cancer survival have increased the prevalence of patients experiencing cancer therapy-related cardiovascular complications. Traditional cardio-oncology risk categorization largely relies on basic clinical features and physician assessment, necessitating advancements in machine learning to create objective prediction models using diverse data sources. Healthcare disparities may be perpetuated through AI algorithms in digital health technologies. In turn, this may have a detrimental effect on minority populations by limiting resource allocation. Several AI-powered innovative health tools could be leveraged to bridge the digital divide and improve access to equitable care.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Cholinesterases, specifically acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), play critical roles in neurotransmission and are key targets for inhibitors with therapeutic and toxicological significance. This review focuses on the development and application of fluorometric and colorimetric biosensors for the detection of cholinesterase inhibitors. These biosensors take advantage of the unique properties of AChE and BChE to provide sensitive and selective detection methods essential for environmental monitoring, food safety, and clinical diagnostics. Recent advances in assay techniques, including the use of gold nanoparticles, pseudoperoxidase nanomaterials, and innovative enzyme-substrate interactions, are highlighted. This review also discusses challenges and future directions for optimizing these biosensors for practical applications, emphasizing their potential to enhance public health and safety.
- MeSH
- Acetylcholinesterase chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques * methods MeSH
- Butyrylcholinesterase chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors * analysis MeSH
- Fluorometry * methods MeSH
- Colorimetry * methods MeSH
- Metal Nanoparticles chemistry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Gold chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
This article explores the development and application of innovative piezoelectric sensors in point-of-care diagnostics. It highlights the significance of bedside tests, such as lateral flow and electrochemical tests, in providing rapid and accurate results directly at the patient's location. This paper delves into the principles of piezoelectric assays, emphasizing their ability to detect disease-related biomarkers through mechanical stress-induced electrical signals. Various applications of piezoelectric chemosensors and biosensors are discussed, including their use in the detection of cancer biomarkers, pathogens, and other health-related analytes. This article also addresses the integration of piezoelectric materials with advanced sensing technologies to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, offering a comprehensive overview of current advances and future directions in medical diagnostics.
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- Biomarkers analysis MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques * MeSH
- Electrochemical Techniques MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Point-of-Care Systems MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Recent advances in optical sensing technologies underpin the development of high-performance, surface-sensitive analytical tools capable of reliable and precise detection of molecular targets in complex biological media in non-laboratory settings. Optical fibre sensors guide light to and from a region of interest, enabling sensitive measurements of localized environments. This positions optical fibre sensors as a highly promising technology for a wide range of biochemical and healthcare applications. However, their performance in real-world biological media is often limited by the absence of robust post-modification strategies that provide both high biorecognition and antifouling capabilities. In this study, we present the proof-of-concept antifouling and biorecognition performance of a polymer brush nano-coating synthesized at the sensing region of optical fibre long-period grating (LPG) sensors. Using a newly developed antifouling terpolymer brush (ATB) composed of carboxybetaine methacrylamide, sulfobetaine methacrylamide, and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, we achieve state-of-the-art antifouling properties. The successful on-fibre ATB synthesis is confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy, and label-free bio-detection experiments based on antibody-functionalized ATB-coated LPG optical fibres. Despite the challenges in handling optical fibres during polymerization, the resulting nano-coating retains its remarkable antifouling properties upon exposure to blood plasma and enables biorecognition element functionalization. These capabilities are demonstrated through the detection of IgG in buffer and diluted blood plasma using anti-IgG-functionalized ATB-coated sensing regions of LPG fibres in both label-based (fluorescence) and label-free real-time detection experiments. The results show the potential of ATB-coated LPG fibres for use in analytical biosensing applications.
Quorum sensing, a bacterial cell-to-cell communication mechanism, plays a key role in bacterial virulence and biofilm formation. Targeting quorum-sensing pathways represents a promising strategy for the development of novel antibacterial agents. This study evaluated the anti-quorum-sensing activities of 18 natural compounds, including cannabinoids, arylbenzofurans, flavonoids, caffeine, and chlorogenic acid, using the luminescent biosensor strain Vibrio harveyi MM30. V. harveyi MM30, a mutant strain deficient in the production of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) but responsive to exogenous AI-2, was used to assess the activity of test compounds on the AI-2 receptor pathway. Test compounds were incubated in AI-2-containing media, and luminescence was measured to evaluate quorum-sensing inhibition. Comparisons were made in the absence of AI-2 to determine AI-2-independent inhibitory activity. The most active compounds were further tested on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA 7112) to determine their effects on AI-2 production in spent media. Among the tested compounds, the non-prenylated arylbenzofuran moracin M and the prenylated arylbenzofuran moracin C exhibited significant quorum-sensing inhibitory activity in the AI-2-mediated pathway. None of the test compounds significantly inhibited quorum sensing in the absence of AI-2. Five compounds (cannabigerol, cannabidiol, cannabigerolic acid, moracin M, and moracin C) were selected for further investigation in MRSA 7112 cultures. The spent media from MRSA 7112 cultures treated with moracin M (16, 32, 64 μg/mL) and cannabigerolic acid (16 μg/mL) showed significant inhibition of AI-2 production when transferred to V. harveyi MM30 cultures. Moracin M and cannabigerolic acid demonstrated potential as quorum-sensing inhibitors by targeting AI-2 production and signalling pathways in MRSA 7112 and V. harveyi. These findings suggest their potential for further development as antibacterial agents targeting quorum-sensing mechanisms.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Fluorescent biosensors offer a powerful tool for tracking and quantifying protein activity in living systems with high temporospatial resolution. However, the expression of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins can interfere with endogenous signaling pathways, potentially leading to developmental and physiological abnormalities. The EKAREV-NLS mouse model, which carries a FRET-based biosensor for monitoring extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity, has been widely utilized both in vivo and in vitro across various cell types and organs. In this study, we report a significant defect in mammary epithelial development in EKAREV-NLS C57BL/6J female mice. Our findings reveal that these mice exhibit severely impaired mammary epithelial outgrowth, linked to systemic defects including disrupted estrous cycling, impaired ovarian follicle maturation, anovulation, and reduced reproductive fitness. Notably, estrogen supplementation was sufficient to enhance mammary epithelial growth in the EKAREV-NLS C57BL/6J females. Furthermore, outcrossing to the ICR genetic background fully restored normal mammary epithelial outgrowth, indicating that the observed phenotype is dependent on genetic background. We also confirmed the functional performance of the biosensor in hormone-supplemented and outcrossed tissues through time-lapse imaging of primary mammary epithelial cells. Our results underscore the critical need for thorough characterization of biosensor-carrying models before their application in specific research contexts. Additionally, this work highlights the influence of hormonal and genetic factors on mammary gland development and emphasizes the importance of careful consideration when selecting biosensor strains for mammary studies.
- MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques * methods MeSH
- Epithelial Cells metabolism drug effects MeSH
- Estrogens * metabolism MeSH
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases metabolism MeSH
- Genetic Background MeSH
- Mammary Glands, Animal * growth & development drug effects MeSH
- Mice, Inbred C57BL * MeSH
- Mice, Inbred ICR MeSH
- Mice, Transgenic * MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer methods MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Proteomics provides an understanding of biological systems by enabling the detailed study of protein expression profiles, which is crucial for early disease diagnosis. Microfluidic-based proteomics enhances this field by integrating complex proteome analysis into compact and efficient systems. This review focuses on developing microfluidic chip structures for proteomics, covering on-chip sample pretreatment, protein extraction, purification, and identification in recent years. Furthermore, our work aims to inspire researchers to select proper methodologies in designing novel, efficient assays for proteomics applications by analyzing trends and innovations in this field.
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- Biosensing Techniques instrumentation methods MeSH
- Equipment Design MeSH
- Lab-On-A-Chip Devices * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microfluidics methods MeSH
- Microfluidic Analytical Techniques instrumentation MeSH
- Proteins analysis isolation & purification MeSH
- Proteome analysis isolation & purification chemistry MeSH
- Proteomics * methods MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Biomedicínské inženýrství se stalo nedílnou součástí moderní kardiologické péče, čímž se otevřely nové možnosti pro diagnostiku a léčbu srdečních onemocnění. Tento interdisciplinární obor propojuje technické a medicínské znalosti, aby vytvořil inovativní řešení, která zvyšují kvalitu života pacientů. Biomedicínští inženýři jsou v rámci kardiologie nejčastěji zaměstnáváni v oborech, jako je elektrofyziologie, neinvazivní kardiologie, intervenční kardiologie, telemedicína a v dalších specializovaných odvětvích, kde kromě klinické práce využívají své odborné znalosti k optimalizaci technologií a zdravotnických přístrojů. Dále se podílejí na vývoji a zdokonalování technologií jako jsou biosenzory, implantabilní zařízení, pokročilé metody zpracování signálů a využití umělé inteligence pro diagnostiku. Spolupráce mezi lékaři a inženýry je klíčová pro zlepšení péče o pacienty a umožňuje vývoj efektivních léčebných postupů. Tento článek se zaměřuje na úlohu biomedicínských inženýrů v kardiologii, jejich profesní postavení v českém zdravotnictví a budoucí výzvy, které obor přináší.
Biomedical engineering has become an integral part of modern cardiac care, opening up new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. This interdisciplinary field combines technical and medical expertise to create innovative solutions that improve the quality of life for patients. Within cardiology, biomedical engineers are most commonly employed in fields such as electrophysiology, non-invasive cardiology, interventional cardiology, telemedicine and other specialised fields where, in addition to clinical work, they use their expertise to optimise technologies and medical devices. They are also involved in the development and improvement of technologies such as biosensors, implantable devices, advanced signal processing methods and the use of artificial intelligence for diagnostics. Collaboration between physicians and engineers is key to improving patient care and enabling the development of effective treatments. This article focuses on the role of biomedical engineers in cardiology, their professional status in the Czech health care system and the future challenges of the field.
- MeSH
- Printing, Three-Dimensional MeSH
- Augmented Reality MeSH
- Biomedical Engineering * MeSH
- Cardiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Telemedicine MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (18-22 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression and are associated with various diseases, including Laryngeal Cancer (LCa), which has a high mortality rate due to late diagnosis. Traditional methods for miRNA detection present several drawbacks (time-consuming steps, high cost and high false positive rate). Early-stage diagnosis and selective detection of miRNAs remain challenging. This study proposes a 3D flexible biosensor that combines nanofibers (NFs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and an inverse molecular sentinel (iMS) for enzyme-free, SERS-based detection of miRNA-223-3p, evaluated as a potential LCa biomarker. The electrospun flexible nanofibers decorated with AuNPs enhance Raman signal. Selective detection of miRNA-223-3p is achieved by immobilizing an iMS-DNA probe labeled with a Raman reporter (Cyanine 3) on the AuNPs. The iMS distinctive stem-and-loop structure undergoes a conformational change upon interaction with the miRNA-223-3p, producing an "on to off" SERS signal. The proposed sensor demonstrated a linear detection range from 10 to 250 fM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 19.50 ± 0.05 fM. The sensor selectivity was confirmed by analyzing the SERS signal behaviour in the presence of both Non-complementary miRNA and miRNA with three mismatched base pairs. This easily fabricable sensor requires no amplification and offers key advantages, including sensitivity, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness.
- MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques * methods MeSH
- Early Detection of Cancer methods MeSH
- Metal Nanoparticles * chemistry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Limit of Detection MeSH
- MicroRNAs * analysis genetics MeSH
- Laryngeal Neoplasms * diagnosis genetics MeSH
- Nanofibers * chemistry MeSH
- Spectrum Analysis, Raman * methods MeSH
- Gold * chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Keywords
- chytré kontaktní čočky,
- MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques methods instrumentation MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus * diagnosis prevention & control MeSH
- Contact Lenses * classification MeSH
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring * methods instrumentation MeSH
- Blood Glucose analysis metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Tears chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
