Cada, F* Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
BACKGROUND: The over-representation of Roma children in segregated schools is well documented as a prevalent form of institutional racism in the Czech Republic. In the paper, we examine the inclination of parents to support school segregation. OBJECTIVE: The paper looks at parents' preference for school segregation and explores its association to social dominance orientation, intergroup contacts, belief in traditional schooling and the absence of Roma children in school as proof of the school's good quality. The first hypothesis examines an association between parents' preference to withdraw their children from ethnically diverse schools and social dominance orientation (one's degree of preference for inequality among social groups). The second one tests the belief in traditional schooling as a factor contributing to a preference for ethnically motivated withdrawal. The third one studies the extent to which parents' preference to withdraw their children from ethnically diverse schools is affected by contact with Roma in their everyday life. The final hypothesis tests if parents who view Roma students as an indicator of poor education in a given school are more likely to oppose the presence of Roma students among their children's peers. METHODS: Quantitative data collection was carried out on a sample of 1,803 respondents. The target group were families with at least one child of primary school age (6-14 years). A binary logistic regression analysis was implemented to assess these relationships. RESULTS: The study confirmed that ethnically motivated school withdrawal is associated with social dominance orientation, belief in traditional school culture and education. On the other hand, the role of inter-group contact in a school environment was not proved. However, the final statistical model was rather weak explaining approximately 9% of variance in segregation endorsement. The model fit improved significantly when an additional variable - absence of Roma as a sign of a good school - was added. Approximately 15% of the variance in segregation endorsement was explained by the modified set of predictors. CONCLUSION: The study argues that ethnically motivated school withdrawal is a result of individual attitudes and situational factors. This means that researchers interested in informal school segregation will need to consider both groups of factors.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- otorinolaryngologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
- O autorovi
- Čada, Karel, 1931-1998 Autorita
- MeSH
- otorinolaryngologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
BACKGROUND/AIM: Expression profiling was performed to delineate and characterize the impact of malignancy by comparing tissues from three sites of head and neck cancer of each patient, also determining interindividual variability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genome-wide analysis was carried out covering the expression of 25,832 genes with quantification for each site of seven patients with tonsillar or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins, three pro-inflammatory chemo- and cytokines and keratins. RESULTS: Up- and down-regulation was found for 281 (tumor vs. normal) and 276 genes (transition zone vs. normal), respectively. The profile of the transition zone had its own features, with similarity to the tumor. Galectins were affected in a network manner, with differential regulation and interindividual variability between patients, also true for keratins and the chemo- and cytokines. CONCLUSION: These results underline special features at each site of specimen origin as well as the importance of analyzing galectins as a network and of defining the expression status of the individual patient prior to reaching clinically relevant conclusions.
- MeSH
- cytokiny genetika MeSH
- epitel metabolismus MeSH
- galektiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- genom lidský MeSH
- keratiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory orofaryngu genetika metabolismus MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spinocelulární karcinom genetika metabolismus MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plazmocytom chirurgie radioterapie MeSH
- spánková kost patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
AIMS: Preoperative chemical vestibular ablation can reduce vestibular symptoms in patients who have gone through vestibular schwannoma resection. The goal of this study was to determine whether chemical vestibular prehabituation influences the patients' post-operative perception of visual stimulation, mental status and quality of life. We also tried to find out whether increases of optokinetic nystagmus, measured by routine electronystagmography, correlate with subjective symptoms. METHODS: We preoperatively administered (2 months prior to surgery) 0.5 - 1.0 mL of 40 mg/mL nonbuffered gentamicin in three intratympanic instillations in 11 patients. Head impulse and caloric tests confirmed reduction of vestibular function in all patients. The control group consisted of 21 patients. Quality of life in both groups was evaluated using the Glasgow Benefit Inventory, the Glasgow Health Status Inventory and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory questionnaires. Visual symptoms and optokinetic sensation were evaluated using a specific questionnaire developed by our team and by measuring gains preoperatively and postoperatively in both groups using routine electronystagmography. The psychological profile was evaluated using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment questionnaires. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between both groups with regards to the results of the questionnaires. Patients who received preoperative gentamicin were less sensitive to visual stimulation (P<0.10) and many of them had a significantly higher gain in the optokinetic nystagmus than the control group in the preoperative stage. CONCLUSION: Pre-treatment with gentamicin helps to lower anxiety levels in patients and improves their general postoperative status. Pre-treated patients are also less sensitive to optokinetic stimulation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03638310.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- čití, cítění fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gentamiciny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- kvalita života psychologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pooperační období MeSH
- předoperační péče * MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vestibulární aparát chirurgie MeSH
- vestibulární schwannom chirurgie MeSH
- zraková ostrost fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Hearing preservation after vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery remains a surgical challenge. In some patients with preserved inner ear function, hearing improvement is achievable. As it is currently impossible to determine which patients will present this outcome, predictions must rely on previously published reports. Our case report describes a patient who experienced hearing improvement from an unuseful level to a useful one after vestibular schwannoma surgery. METHODS: Surgery was performed via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. The patient underwent a basic audiovestibular protocol before and after the surgery - pure tone and speech audiometry, otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses, electronystagmography - together with a detailed questionnaire study. Usefulness of hearing was evaluated using the AAO-HNS guidelines, supplemented by a frequency of 4 kHz. RESULTS: Hearing was preserved and even improved from an unuseful level to a useful one. Based on the available literature, the most informative predictive factors for such a result seem to be: sudden sensorineural hearing loss prior to surgery, elicitable otoacoustic emissions and the origin from the superior vestibular nerve. CONCLUSION: There are a limited number of studies on this topic and it is still impossible to regularly improve hearing in properly selected patients. Furthermore, the importance of postoperative hearing quality compared to other symptoms and complications remains debatable.
- MeSH
- audiometrie čistými tóny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- sluch fyziologie MeSH
- vestibulární schwannom * komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
