Cancer stem cells
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Methods in molecular biology, ISSN 1064-3745 Vol. 568
xv, 283 s. : il. ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- karcinom MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH
- kmenové buňky patologie MeSH
- nádory patologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- laboratorní příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NLK Obory
- biologie
- chemie, klinická chemie
Cíl studie: Analýza současného stavu poznání subpopulace nádorových kmenových buněk u ovariálních nádorů. Typ studie: Přehledový článek Metodika: Shrnutí literárních údajů o nádorových kmenových buňkách u karcinomu ovaria. Závěr: Hypotéza nádorových kmenových buněk (CSCs) je stále více přijímána jako model karcinogeneze. Lze předpokládat, že bližší studium kmenových nádorových buněk by mohlo vést k zavedení nových cílených léčebných postupů.
Objective: Analysis of current knowledge of cancer stem cells subpopulation in ovarian cancer. Design: Review article Methods: The review of literature about cancer stem cells in ovarian cancer. Conclusion: The cancer stem cells (CSCs) hypothesis is becoming more widely accepted as a model for carcinogenesis. It is assumed that cancer stem cells research could provide novel target therapeutics.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové kmenové buňky MeSH
- nádory vaječníků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The last years of cancer research have established the concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a subpopulation of cells within a tumor entirely responsible for tumorigenesis. This has aroused expectations that targeting cancer stem cells would allow effective tumor eradication. This review aims to summarize the relevant achievements in the field and to highlight the complex mechanisms that are involved in regulating CSC function. RECENT FINDINGS: A growing number of studies have identified CSCs in a variety of human tumor types. The focus of attention is now moving to discover molecular signals which are essential to sustain CSC. We summarize recent results on intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways such as Wnt signals, which control stem cell self-renewal and highlight the role of the microenvironment or niche in this process. SUMMARY: The discovery of cancer stem cells points into new directions to gain better understanding of cancer biology. This is expected to alter the design of clinical research programs and to improve the way we assess the efficacy of novel anticancer drugs. Several conclusions and predictions derived from this concept hold great promise to speed up the process of discovering effective targets for clinical application.
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease, which contributes to its rapid progression and therapeutic failure. Besides interpatient tumor heterogeneity, tumors within a single patient can present with a heterogeneous mix of genetically and phenotypically distinct subclones. These unique subclones can significantly impact the traits of cancer. With the plasticity that intratumoral heterogeneity provides, cancers can easily adapt to changes in their microenvironment and therapeutic exposure. Indeed, tumor cells dynamically shift between a more differentiated, rapidly proliferating state with limited tumorigenic potential and a cancer stem cell (CSC)-like state that resembles undifferentiated cellular precursors and is associated with high tumorigenicity. In this context, CSCs are functionally located at the apex of the tumor hierarchy, contributing to the initiation, maintenance, and progression of tumors, as they also represent the subpopulation of tumor cells most resistant to conventional anti-cancer therapies. Although the CSC model is well established, it is constantly evolving and being reshaped by advancing knowledge on the roles of CSCs in different cancer types. Here, we review the current evidence of how CSCs play a pivotal role in providing the many traits of aggressive tumors while simultaneously evading immunosurveillance and anti-cancer therapy in several cancer types. We discuss the key traits and characteristics of CSCs to provide updated insights into CSC biology and highlight its implications for therapeutic development and improved treatment of aggressive cancers.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové kmenové buňky * patologie metabolismus MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí * MeSH
- nádory * patologie genetika metabolismus terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor with many important functions in the biology of normal and transformed cells. Its regulation is highly complex as it is involved in signaling pathways in many different cell types and under a wide variety of conditions. Besides other functions, STAT3 is an important regulator of normal stem cells and cancer stem cells. p63 which is a member of the p53 protein family is also involved in these functions and is both physically and functionally connected with STAT3. This review summarizes STAT3 function and regulation, its role in stem cell and cancer stem cell properties and highlights recent reports about its relationship to p63.
- MeSH
- fosforylace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské embryonální kmenové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- metylace MeSH
- mikro RNA metabolismus MeSH
- myší embryonální kmenové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové kmenové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- nádorové supresorové proteiny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- nádory metabolismus MeSH
- přeprogramování buněk MeSH
- transkripční faktor STAT3 chemie metabolismus MeSH
- transkripční faktory chemie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Nádorové kmenové buňky (cancer stem cells – CSCs) jsou považovány za populaci buněk, která odpovídá za iniciaci a progresi nádoru, účastní se procesu metastazování a je možnou příčinou získané lékové rezistence a rekurence nádorů. CSCs disponují schopností sebeobnovy a mají tumorigenní potenciál. Funkční testy, které umožňují detekovat zmiňované vlastnosti, jsou hlavním nástrojem pro identifikaci nádorových kmenových buněk. Tento článek přináší ucelený přehled in vivo a in vitro metod využívaných pro průkaz CSCs s důrazem na recentně zaváděné techniky detekce CSCs. Mezi nejčastěji prováděné funkční testy patří test tumorigenicity in vivo, testy tvorby sfér (sphere formation assay) a kolonií (colony‑forming unit assay) a rovněž detekce tzv. vedlejší populace (side population). Dále jsou popsány metody zadržování detekční značky (label‑retention assay) a test aktivity aldehyddehydrogenázy.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be a population of tumor cells, which are responsible for tumor initiation and progression. They are also involved in metastasizing and may be a possible cause of multidrug resistance and tumor recurrence. CSCs possess the ability to self‑renew and show a tumorigenic potential. Functional assays, which enable the detection of these properties, represent the main tool for identification of CSCs. This article summarizes both in vitro and in vivo methods used to identify the CSCs with emphasis on recently employed techniques of CSCs detection. In vivo tumorigenicity assay, sphere formation assay and colony‑forming unit assay belong to the most commonly used functional assays. Further, label‑retention assay and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity assay are described in this article. Key words: cancer stem cells – functional assays – tumorigenicity – tumor spheres – colony‑forming unit assay – side population cells – aldehyde dehydrogenase The study was supported by grant of Internal Grant Agency of the Czech Ministry of Health No. NT13443-4 and by the European Regional Development Fund and the State Budget of the Czech Republic – RECAMO, CZ.1.05//2.1.00/03.0101 and by the project CEB, OP VK CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0183. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers. Submitted: 16. 1. 2014 Accepted: 4. 4. 2014
- Klíčová slova
- tumorigenicita, tvorba kolonií, nádorové sféry, myši NSG, test zadržování detekční značky, label-retention assay,
- MeSH
- aldehyddehydrogenasa analýza MeSH
- analýza kolonii tvořících jednotek * metody MeSH
- buněčné kultury MeSH
- buněčné sféroidy MeSH
- fluoresceiny metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- myši inbrední NOD MeSH
- myši SCID MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buňky kultivované * MeSH
- nádorové kmenové buňky MeSH
- testy karcinogenity * metody MeSH
- testy nádorových kmenových buněk * metody MeSH
- transplantace nádorů * metody MeSH
- vedlejší populace buněk MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Cancer drug discovery and development
xv, 334 s., [12 s.] barev. příloh : il.
- MeSH
- kmenové buňky MeSH
- nádorové kmenové buňky MeSH
- nádory MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biologické vědy
- NLK Obory
- onkologie
- biologie
