DIEP flap
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Cystosarcoma phyllodes je málo častý typ nádoru prsu. Jsou popsány jak benigní, tak i maligní formy tohoto nádoru. Většina studií se shoduje na tom, že benigní tumory jsou dominantní (asi 80–85 %) a asi pouze 15–20 % představuje maligní formu. Ze všech typů nádorů prsu představuje cystosarcoma phyllodes pouze asi 1 %, přesto se jedná o nejčastější non-epiteliální tumor prsu. V kazuistice popisujeme případ mladé ženy s diagnózou cystosarcoma phyllodes, u které byl použit v rekonstrukci prsu DIEP lalok.
Cystosarcoma phyllodes is an uncommon type of breast tumour. Both benign and malignant types of this tumour have been described. The majority of studies agree that benign tumours are predominant (approximately 80-85%) and the malignant form only accounts for 15-20%. Of all types of breast cancers, cystosarcoma phyllodes only accounts for about 1%; however, it is the most frequent non-epithelial breast tumour. The case report presents a young woman diagnosed with cystosarcoma phyllodes in whom a DIEP flap was used to reconstruct the breast.
- MeSH
- chirurgické laloky MeSH
- cystosarcoma phyllodes * chirurgie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mamoplastika metody MeSH
- mastektomie MeSH
- nádory prsu * chirurgie MeSH
- volné tkáňové laloky * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Využití volných laloků při rekonstrukci prsu je v současné době zaměřeno zejména na onkologickou problematiku u pacientek po mastektomii. Stále častěji se dnes používají volné laloky také v rekonstrukci prsu pro neonkologickou diagnózu, zejména v případě vrozených vad či asymetrii prsů. V řadě klinických případů představuje použití mikrovaskulárního přenosu tkáně nezastupitelnou a zároveň elegantní metodu, která přináší časný kosmetický efekt snižující riziko sociální smrti postižených žen či dívek. Otázkou však zůstává zvážení poměru benefit/riziko a limitů u konkrétních pacientek. Kazuistika se týká 15leté pacientky s vrozenou hypoplazií pravého prsu, u které byla provedena korekce pomocí DIEP (Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap) laloku.
Currently, the use of free flaps in breast reconstruction is focused particularly on oncological issues in patients after mastectomy. Free flaps are also being increasingly used in breast reconstruction for a nononcological pathology, particularly in the case of congenital breast abnormality or asymmetry. In a number of clinical cases, the use of microvascular tissue transfer represents an irreplaceable as well as elegant method that has an early cosmetic effect reducing the risk of social death in affected women or girls. Taking into consideration the benefit-risk ratio and the limits in particular patients remains an issue. The case report presents a 15-year-old female patient with congenital hypoplasia of the right breast in whom correction using the DIEP (Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator) flap was performed.
- Klíčová slova
- vrozené vady prsou, věk,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mamoplastika metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- plastická chirurgie metody MeSH
- prsy abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- volné tkáňové laloky MeSH
- vrozené vady MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Východisko: Pacientky s dědičným rizikem mají pravděpodobnost až 85 %, že onemocní karcinomem prsu do svého věku 70 let. Oboustranná mastektomie radikálně snižuje riziko onemocnění, ale je pro většinu pacientek pro svůj mutilující charakter nepřijatelná. Mastektomie v kombinaci s rekonstrukčním výkonem se může stát pro některé pacientky vhodným východiskem z onkologicky tíživé situace. Z hlediska dlouhodobých výsledků se pro některé pacientky jeví jako nejvýhodnější rekonstrukce prsů vlastní živou tkání z břicha pomocí perforátorových laloků. Cíl: Cílem studie bylo zjistit dotazníkovou metodou, jak pacientky vnímají a hodnotí výsledek oboustranné mastektomie a rekonstrukce prsů dvěma perforátorovými břišními laloky. Metody a výsledky: V letech 2002–2006 se podrobilo oboustranné rekonstrukci perforátorovými břišními laloky 55 pacientek. Byl jim zaslán anonymní dotazník týkající se vlivu mastektomie a rekonstrukce na kvalitu života a hodnocení estetických výsledků. Návratnost dotazníku byla 98,2%. Většina pacientek (88 %) hodnotila estetické výsledky rekonstrukce jako dobré nebo výborné a 54 pacientek (96 %) by operaci podstoupilo znovu, případně by ji doporučilo ostatním. Závěr: Oboustranná rekonstrukce dvěma DIEP laloky je pacientkami velmi dobře přijímána a estetické výsledky kladně hodnoceny. Spokojenost s rekonstrukcí je vysoká i u skupiny zdravých, na prsech dosud neoperovaných pacientek – nosiček genové mutace BRCA.1, 2. Výsledky studie potvrzují, že oboustranná profylaktická mastektomie následovaná okamžitou rekonstrukcí vlastní živou tkání z břicha je pro některé pacientky i v našich podmínkách reálnou cestou primární chirurgické prevence karcinomu prsu.
Background: Patients with hereditary risk have an up to 85 % probability of developing breast cancer before the age of 70. Bilateral mastectomy significantly decreases the risk of developing the disease but is considered too drastic a measure for most patients. For some patients, mastectomy followed by immediate reconstruction can be a solution in difficult oncological situations. From the point of long-term results, reconstruction with living tissue from the abdomen with perforator flaps seems to be most advantageous. Aim: This study aims to find out, using a questionnaire, how patients perceive and evaluate the results of a bilateral mastectomy followed by two abdominal perforator flaps from abdomen breast reconstruction. Method and results: A total of 55 patients underwent bilateral breast reconstruction with abdominal perforator flaps (DIEP) during the years 2002–2006. A questionnaire relating to the influence of mastectomy and reconstruction on the quality of life and aesthetic evaluation was sent to patients. 98.2 % of the patients returned the questionnaire. The majority of patients (88 %) evaluated the aesthetic results as good or excellent and 54 patients (96 %) would undergo this procedure again and they would also recommend it to other women. Conclusion: Bilateral DIEP breast reconstruction is well accepted and aesthetic results positively appreciated by patients who have undergone this operation. There is high satisfaction even in the group of unaffected women-carriers BRCA 1, 2 mutation. The results of this study support the idea, that bilateral prophylactic mastectomy followed by immediate DIEP reconstruction can also serve as primary surgical breast carcinoma prevention in our country.
One of the important microsurgical procedures in our department is breast reconstruction after ablations. For many years, the standard method was reconstruction with autologous tissues – a free TRAM flap with a recipient vessels vasa mammaria. We are convinced that this give very satisfactory results with microsurgical safety of op- erations. We use this method of reconstruction in 17–20 patients per year. The standard time of unilateral recon- struction is 2.5–4 hours, of bilateral reconstruction 4–6 hours. Postoperative morbidity in the abdominal region is, as a rule, associated with a weakening of the abdominal wall and the development of hernias (Galli et al., 1992); a perforator flap in which neither muscle nor fasciae are used creates the prerequisite condition for markedly reduced the morbidity associated with the site of flap collection. Although we used a perforator flap three times for reconstructions of the extremities as early as three years ago, we began to use it for breast reconstruction from the beginning of 2000. No doubt this late use of a large skin flap supplied by 1–2 perforators was due to a lack of trust in the provision of adequate blood perfusion for the large amount of tissue of the flap. From the beginning of 2000, in the course of five months, nine DIEP flaps were used for breast reconstructions, in two cases for bilateral reconstruction. In two instances sensory nerves of the flap were sutured to the branch of the intercostal nerves at the site of insertion. Seven flaps healed p.p.i; in two instances we were faced with the complication of postoperative venostasis, calling for revision and connection of the superficial venous system of the flap to the circulation. Subsequent healing was without complications. Preparation of the flap appears to be relatively easy, and the only pitfall is the selection of a suitable perforator. The operation is longer by half an hour than the classical free TRAM; when the sensory nerve of the flap is sutured, it is ca 1 hour longer. We like to use the DIEP flap for breast reconstruction, and it is a reliable method even for the reconstruction of large pendulous breasts. The donor site morbidity is significantly lower.
Východiska: Předoperační mapování perforátorů je důležitý krok při autologní rekonstrukci prsu, který umožňuje bezpečnější, předvídatelnou a časově kratší preparaci laloku. I když se Dopplerovské vyšetření ukázalo být méně přesné při lokalizaci perforátorů ve srovnání s barevným duplexním ultrazvukovým vyšetřením a CTA, bude mít pravděpodobně i nadále svůj význam pro klinickou praxi. Cílem této práce je podělit se o některá doporučení jak provádět předoperační Dopplerovské vyšetření před operací DIEAp laloku, které zvyšuje spolehlivost při lokalizaci perforátorů. Metody: Studie se prováděla předoperačně na 26 pacientkách. Pro zhodnocení shody mezi označením dle Dopplera a operačním nálezem byla použita kartézská soustava souřadnic. Výsledky: Označili jsme předoperačně 145 perforátorů u 26 pacientek pro celkem 52 polovin břich. U jedné pacientky bylo označeno průměrně 5,6 cév. Z nich bylo 80 (55,17 %) nalezeno 0–1 cm od značky, 36 (24,82 %) 1–2 cm od značky a 5 (3,4 %) více než 2 cm od značky. Měli jsme 24 (16,55 %) falešně pozitivních nálezů u nichž nebyla žádná shoda mezi signálem a peroperačním nálezem. Závěr: I když Dopplerovské vyšetření nemusí poskytovat stejné anatomické detaily jako jiné a novější modality (CTA a MRA), HHD zůstává velmi užitečným a důležitým nástrojem pro autologní rekonstrukci. Doporučujeme provedení tohoto vyšetření v rámci našeho standardizovaného a reprodukovatelného postupu za účelem zlepšení spolehlivosti.
Background. The preoperative perforator mapping is an important step in autologous breast reconstruction, making the flap raising safer, more predictable and time-saving. Although the Doppler exam has proven to be less accurate in locating perforators compared with colour duplex sonography and CTA, it will probably remain of importance in clinical practice. The aim of this paper is to share some advices on how to perform a Doppler exam in preoperative evaluation of a DIEAp flap, increasing its reliability in location of the perforators. Methods: The study was carried-out preoperatively on 26 consecutive patients. For the evaluation of the matching between Doppler Dot and operative finding was used a Cartesian coordinate system Results: We have marked preoperatively 145 perforators in 26 patients for a total of 52 semi-abdomens. An average of 5.6 vessels per patient were marked. Of these, 80 (55.17%) were found between 0–1 cm, 36 (24.82%) between 1–2 cm and 5 (3.4%) of these more than 2 cm from each other. We had 24 (16.55%) false positives in which there was no correspondence between the signal and the intraoperative finding. Conclusion: Although the Doppler exam may not provide the same anatomic details as the other newer modalities, such as CTA and MRA, the HHD remains a very useful and important tool for autologous reconstruction. We recommend performing this exam in our standardized and reproducible method to improve the reliability..
- MeSH
- arteriae epigastricae diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- břišní stěna diagnostické zobrazování krevní zásobení MeSH
- falešně pozitivní reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mamoplastika * metody MeSH
- perforátorový lalok * krevní zásobení transplantace MeSH
- předoperační péče MeSH
- ultrasonografie dopplerovská * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Introduction: The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is widely considered as the gold standard in breast reconstruction. The inset technique of the DIEP flap is crucial in determining the overall aesthetic outcome; however, to date no systematic review is available that comprehensively assesses the various techniques. Evaluation of topic: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The methodology is outlined within our published protocol (Prospero CRD42023449477). Included articles met a minimal criterion compromising of the intervention (DIEP free flap for breast reconstruction) and outcomes (aesthetic and clinical outcomes). Six articles were included in this review, with a total of 346 patients and a follow-up ranging from 6 months to 4 years. Four articles were of a prospective case series study design, one article was a randomized controlled trial, and one article was a case-control study. The risk of bias was assessed to be high in the case series, but low and moderate in the randomized controlled trial and case-control study respectively. Conclusion: Although limited by the quality of the evidence, the single aesthetic unit principle, dual-plane inset, elimination of the need for a skin paddle, appropriate flap positioning and rotation, and algorithmic in-setting may all improve the aesthetic outcome of DIEP free flaps.
- Klíčová slova
- DIEP,
- MeSH
- estetika * MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mamoplastika * metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- systematický přehled MeSH
BACKGROUND: Identifying relevant perforators is crucial in planning a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) has gained popularity for localizing perforators; however, current evidence on its efficiency is still inconclusive. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of CDU with that of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in localizing and selecting the relevant perforators. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 60 patients undergoing DIEP flap breast reconstruction (uni- or bilateral) were randomly assigned to the CDU group (i.e., CDU was performed to map and select the relevant perforators preoperatively) or the CTA+CDU group (i.e., mapping was based on CTA and supplemented by CDU). CDU was performed by the same surgeon with a well-defined sonography experience from our previous study. The reference XY coordinates of the dissected perforators were measured intraoperatively, and deviations from preoperatively deducted coordinates were calculated (ΔCDU or ΔCTA+CDU). The flaps were categorized according to the number of dissected perforators, and adherence to the preoperative strategy was evaluated. RESULTS: Overall, 22 patients (30 flaps) in the CTA+CDU group and 27 (39 flaps) patients in the CDU group were evaluated. The average ΔCDU (0.6 cm) was significantly lower than the average ΔCTA+CDU (1.0 cm) (p < 0.001). Adherence to the mapping-based dissection strategy was higher in the CDU group; however, the difference was insignificant (p = 0.092). CONCLUSION: CDU is not inferior to CTA + CDU in localizing and selecting relevant DIEA perforators. Therefore, CDU mapping is a possible complementary or substitute modality for CTA mapping.
- MeSH
- arteriae epigastricae diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- CT angiografie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mamoplastika * metody MeSH
- perforátorový lalok * chirurgie MeSH
- ultrasonografie dopplerovská barevná MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: The integration of robotic technology into surgical procedures has gained considerable attention for its promise to enhance a variety of clinical outcomes. Robotic deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap harvest has emerged as a novel approach for autologous breast reconstruction. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current techniques, outcomes, and complications of robotic DIEP flap surgery. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted after PRISMA 2020 guidelines across databases including PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from 2000 to 2023. Articles exploring robotic DIEP flap harvest for breast reconstruction were assessed to compare operative techniques, clinical outcomes, and complications. The risk of bias was evaluated using ROBINS-I and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS: Fourteen studies involving 108 patients were included. Three studies used a totally extraperitoneal (TEP) technique, whereas 11 studies used a transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) approach. Preoperative planning utilized computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography imaging. The mean robotic operative time was 64 minutes, with total operative times averaging 574 minutes for TAPP and 497 minutes for TEP. The mean length of stay was 5 days, and the mean fascial incision length was 3 cm. Overall complication rate was 14.9%, with no significant difference compared with conventional DIEP flap procedures. CONCLUSION: Robotic DIEP flap harvest is a promising technique that may reduce postoperative pain and limiting abdominal donor site morbidity. Potential limitations include longer operative times, variable hospital stays, and increased costs.
- MeSH
- arteriae epigastricae * transplantace MeSH
- délka operace * MeSH
- délka pobytu MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mamoplastika * metody MeSH
- odběr tkání a orgánů metody MeSH
- perforátorový lalok * krevní zásobení MeSH
- pooperační komplikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- roboticky asistované výkony * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- MeSH
- angiografie MeSH
- chirurgické laloky * krevní zásobení využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nekróza MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- předoperační péče MeSH
- volné tkáňové laloky krevní zásobení využití MeSH
- zákroky plastické chirurgie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy without reconstruction is not accepted by the majority of patients. Successful reconstruction is therefore a mandatory condition for prophylactic mastectomy. Of the many options for autologous breast reconstruction, the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap best meets requirements for bilateral reconstruction in selected patients. The goal of this study is to verify the feasibility of the procedure in our conditions and to find out how it is accepted by patients. We present 55 consecutive patients who were scheduled for bilateral DIEP flap reconstruction during a 4-year period. We reviewed medical charts, performed clinical assessments and processed anonymous questionnaires. There were 77 immediate and 33 delayed breast reconstructions. There was 100% flap survival and no microanastomoses revisions. In 11 patients (10%) the surgeon preferred to convert the DIEP into a mini transverse rectus abdominis muscle (miniTRAM) flap in order to provide adequate blood supply. Complications: revision for haematoma under the flap in four patients (7.2%), excessive blood loss in four patients (7.2%) and partial mastectomy skin flap necrosis in 10 immediate breast reconstructions (12.9%). Patients' evaluation of the aesthetic result was good or excellent in 96.2% of cases. In 33.9% of patients the postoperative quality of life was considered unchanged and 50.9% of them it even improved. The DIEP flap is recommended for bilateral breast reconstruction. Occasional conversion into a miniTRAM flap can increase the total flap survival rate. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and DIEP flap reconstruction are very well accepted by patients.
- MeSH
- chirurgické laloky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- estetika MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mamoplastika metody MeSH
- mastektomie metody MeSH
- nádory prsu prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- spokojenost pacientů MeSH
- studie proveditelnosti MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH