• MeSH
• embryo savčí analýza   MeSH
• embryonální vývoj MeSH
• klasifikace MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Given the physiological role of placental growth hormone (PGH) during intrauterine development and growth, genetic variation in the coding Growth hormone 2 (GH2) gene may modulate developmental programming of adult stature. Two major GH2 variants were described worldwide, determined by single polymorphism (rs2006123; c.171 + 50C > A). We sought to study whether GH2 variants may contribute to adult anthropometric measurements. METHODS: Genotyping of GH2 SNP rs2006123 by RFLP, testing its genetic association with adult height and Body Mass Index (BMI) by linear regression analysis, and combining the results of three individual study samples in meta-analysis. STUDY SAMPLES: HYPEST (Estonia), n = 1464 (506 men/958 women), CADCZ (Czech), n = 871 (518/353); UFA (Bashkortostan), n = 954 (655/299); meta-analysis, n = 3289 (1679/1610). RESULTS: Meta-analysis across HYPEST, CADCZ and UFA samples (n = 3289) resulted in significant association of GH2 rs2006123 with height (recessive model: AA-homozygote effect: beta (SE) = 1.26 (0.46), P = 5.90 × 10⁻³; additive model: A-allele effect: beta (SE) = 0.45 (0.18), P = 1.40 × 10⁻²). Among men (n = 1679), the association of the A-allele with taller stature remained significant after multiple-testing correction (additive effect: beta = 0.86 (0.28), P = 1.83 × 10⁻³). No association was detected with BMI. Notably, rs2006123 was in strong LD (r² ≥ 0.87) with SNPs significantly associated with height (rs2665838, rs7209435, rs11658329) and mapped near GH2 in three independent meta-analyses of GWA studies. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study demonstrating a link between a placental gene variant and programming of growth potential in adulthood. The detected association between PGH encoding GH2 and adult height promotes further research on the role of placental genes in prenatal programming of human metabolism.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genetické asociační studie MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multigenová rodina MeSH
• placentární hormony genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• růstový hormon genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• tělesná výška MeSH
• vazebná nerovnováha MeSH
• vývoj kostí * MeSH
• vývoj plodu * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Baškortostán MeSH
• Česká republika MeSH
• Estonsko MeSH

Cílem této přehledové studie je poskytnout stručný náhled do současné diskuse nad tématem mezilidského odpuštění v kontextu vývojové psychologie. První část představuje tři otázky týkající se obecných rysů vývoje schopnosti odpouštět. Roste schopnost odpouštět s věkem, nebo ne? Můžeme vůbec vést děti, mladé lidi a klienty k odpuštění? Je schopnost odpouštět univerzální, nebo závislá na kontextu? Druhá část předkládá poznatky z výzkumů seřazených podle vývojových fázích od raného dětství po stáří. Závěr shrnuje pozorovatelné trendy vývoje a obsahuje praktická odporučení pro psychology, terapeuty, pedagogy a rodiče. Celková analýza zahrnuje výzkumy a publikace publikované v anglickém jazyce, které pochází z mnoha zemí a pestrých kulturních kontextů.

The aim of this study is to provide a basic review of literature and discussion on the topic of developmental aspects of forgiveness. All of the analyzed publications and research studies were published in the English language, but they come from many different countries and varied cultural contexts. The first part of the review presents three major questions concerning general features of forgiveness development. 1) Does the ability to forgive grow with age or not? It seems that studies which focus on cognitive development agree that age is an important factor in reasoning about forgiveness. From this point of view, forgiveness grows with age. On the other hand, studies which focus on practical ability to forgive show that age is not as an important factor. But most people who were able to unconditional forgiveness were older and more mature people. 2) Are we allowed to lead children, young people, and clients to forgiveness? This question points to the discussion of whether forgiveness is ultimate and good value and should be the goal of education and therapy, or if it is only one possibility among many. We can conclude that healthy forgiveness has a big value and it has positive outcomes for life. On the other hand, we need to be careful to promote unhealthy pseudo-forgiveness. 3) Is forgiveness universal feature of a person, or is it more dependent on specific context? On one hand, we can see that the ability to forgive is dependent on context - type of offense, type of relationship and other variables. On the other hand, we can distinguish dispositional forgiveness or forgivingness. It is a level of preparedness to forgive in a person life. Usually, we can see that dispositional forgiveness grows with the amount of forgiving specific offense in a specific context. The second part of the review presents the outcomes of different research studies focused on forgiveness from a developmental perspective. It describes forgiveness in different phases of life from young childhood to old age. In the end, we can summarize major developmental trajectories. 1) The impact of forgiveness on life satisfaction is growing with age. Among the elderly, the ability and willingness to forgive have a great impact on their happiness and health. 2) Forgiveness can deepen with age. Children and young people usually forgive those who apologize to them. Forgiveness is more connected to reconciliation. Older people are more willing to forgive unconditionally. 3) The motivation to forgive is changing with age, we can see this in classical experiments of R. Enright. 4) Unforgiveness is an option. We can find people of all ages who would not forgive. For some of them, it might be their life philosophy. Others might be hurt much and the process leading to emotional forgiveness will not be finished. 5) More freedom. In early childhood, forgiveness is influenced by temperament. In later childhood, there is a strong influence of family and society values. In the middle and late adulthood, we can see more freedom to forgive or not forgive. The end of this review provides a few practical recommendations for psychologists, therapists, pedagogues, and parents. For example, when dealing with children, there are possibilities of daily rituals of guilt, forgiveness, apology, and reconciliation. Children usually react very well to apologies, first they understand them as magical words, then they start to understand the value of feeling remorse behind the apology. Older children value Children can learn forgiveness through interactive stories. There are possibilities in forgiveness education programs and therapeutical models of forgiveness.

• MeSH
• chování a mechanismy chování MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odpuštění MeSH
• psychosociální fungování MeSH
• vývojová psychologie * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH

• MeSH
• embryonální vývoj fyziologie   MeSH
• vývoj plodu fyziologie   MeSH
• vývojová biologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• učebnice MeSH

• Konspekt
• Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
• NLK Obory
• embryologie
• biologie

• MeSH
• služby preventivní péče MeSH
• vývojové poruchy u dětí MeSH

Mammalian oocyte development depends on the temporally controlled translation of maternal transcripts, particularly in the coordination of meiotic and early embryonic development when transcription has ceased. The translation of mRNA is regulated by various RNA-binding proteins. We show that the absence of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3) negatively affects female reproductive fitness. CPEB3-depleted oocytes undergo meiosis normally but experience early embryonic arrest due to a disrupted transcriptome, leading to aberrant protein expression and the subsequent failure of embryonic transcription initiation. We found that CPEB3 stabilizes a subset of mRNAs with a significantly longer 3'UTR that is enriched in its distal region with cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements. Overall, our results suggest that CPEB3 is an important maternal factor that regulates the stability and translation of a subclass of mRNAs that are essential for the initiation of embryonic transcription and thus for embryonic development.

• MeSH
• 3' nepřekládaná oblast genetika   MeSH
• embryonální vývoj genetika   MeSH
• meióza genetika   MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oocyty * metabolismus   MeSH
• polyadenylace MeSH
• proteiny vázající RNA * metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• stabilita RNA genetika   MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• jazykové poruchy MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• psycholingvistika MeSH
• vývoj řeči MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Psychologie
• NLK Obory
• psychologie, klinická psychologie

• MeSH
• fyziologická kalcifikace MeSH
• heterotopická osifikace MeSH
• kostra MeSH
• vývoj kostí MeSH
• vývoj plodu MeSH

• Konspekt
• Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
• NLK Obory
• embryologie a teratologie
• anatomie

Background: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is described as a motor skill disorder characterized by a marked impairment in the development of motor coordination abilities that significantly interferes with performance of daily activities and/or academic achievement. Since some electrophysiological studies suggest differences between children with/without motor development problems, we prepared an experimental protocol and performed electrophysiological experiments with the aim of making a step toward a possible diagnosis of this disorder using the event-related potentials (ERP) technique. The second aim is to properly annotate the obtained raw data with relevant metadata and promote their long-term sustainability. Results: The data from 32 school children (16 with possible DCD and 16 in the control group) were collected. Each dataset contains raw electroencephalography (EEG) data in the BrainVision format and provides sufficient metadata (such as age, gender, results of the motor test, and hearing thresholds) to allow other researchers to perform analysis. For each experiment, the percentage of ERP trials damaged by blinking artifacts was estimated. Furthermore, ERP trials were averaged across different participants and conditions, and the resulting plots are included in the manuscript. This should help researchers to estimate the usability of individual datasets for analysis. Conclusions: The aim of the whole project is to find out if it is possible to make any conclusions about DCD from EEG data obtained. For the purpose of further analysis, the data were collected and annotated respecting the current outcomes of the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility Program on Standards for Data Sharing, the Task Force on Electrophysiology, and the group developing the Ontology for Experimental Neurophysiology. The data with metadata are stored in the EEG/ERP Portal.

• MeSH
• akustická stimulace MeSH
• datové kurátorství MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• evokované potenciály MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• kvantitativní znak dědičný MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• poruchy motorických dovedností diagnóza   MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• software MeSH
• světelná stimulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH