• MeSH
• agrese psychologie   MeSH
• davové chování MeSH
• fotbal dějiny   psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nahuštění v prostoru MeSH
• sociální chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Příspěvek se zabývá bezpečnostní politikou fotbalového mistrovství Evropy 2012, které se konalo v Polsku a na Ukrajině. Cílem studie je identifikovat nejzávažnější bezpečnostní rizika vyplývající z konání EURO 2012 a objasnit, jaké bezpečnostní postupy a strategie zvolily pořadatelské země, aby zajistily bezpečný šampionát. Článek mapuje také průběh evropského šampionátu z hlediska bezpečnosti.

This paper deals with security policy for the European Football Championship 2012 held in Poland and Ukraine. The aim of this study is to identify the most serious security risks arising from the holding of EURO 2012 and to clarify what security procedures and strategies were chosen by the host countries to ensure safe championship. The article also monitors the course of the European Championship in terms of securit

• MeSH
• bezpečnost * normy   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• davové chování MeSH
• fotbal * psychologie   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• policie MeSH
• poruchy sociálního chování * epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• terorismus prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH

BACKGROUND: Recreational football is an intense, versatile form of exercise with multiple high- and odd-impact actions. Recreational football is therefore hypothesized to be suitable for bone modeling and bone health. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of recreational football on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone turnover markers (BTM). DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Google Scholar were searched prior to September 2021. A manual database search was also performed using the following key terms, either singly or in combination: recreational football/soccer, street football/soccer, recreational small-sided games, effect, influence, impact, bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, bone turnover marker, bone health, osteogenesis, CTX, osteocalcin, P1NP. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Randomised and matched controlled trials with participants allocated to a recreational football group or any other type of training intervention or passive control group were included. The primary outcome measures were total BMD, lower limb BMD, total BMC, lower limb BMC, osteocalcin, procollagen type 1N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX). A total of 17 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Comprehensive Meta-analysis V.2 software (Biostat, Englewood, New Jersey, USA) was used for the meta-analyses. RISK OF BIAS: Agreement between the two reviewers was assessed using RoB2 tool and k statistics for full-text screening and rating of relevance and risk of bias. The k agreement rate between reviewers was k = 0.92. RESULTS: The football interventions included were based on studies having a duration of 12-64 weeks with one 5-year follow-up study and with a training frequency of 1-3 sessions/wk. Training sessions were 45-60 min sessions of 3v3 - 7v7 small-sided games. The subjects covered an age span from 9 to 73 years. Five studies examined recreational football effects in females, nine studies in males and three studies included both sexes. Recreational football training produced a statistically significant effect (mean difference = 0.02 g/cm2, 95% confidence interval: 0.00-0.03, P = 0.02) on lower limb BMD and negligible effects for total BMD compared to no-exercise controls. The recreational football effects on total and lower limb BMC, when compared to both no-exercise controls and exercise controls, were negligible. A moderate to large significant increase in osteocalcin, P1NP and CTX was observed for recreational football compared to both no-exercise controls and exercise controls. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, recreational football training regimes lasting 12-64 weeks have a large osteogenic impact on bone turnover markers in comparison with no-exercise controls as well as exercise controls, and beneficial effects on lower limb BMD compared to no-exercise controls. Short and medium duration recreational football interventions have negligible effects on whole-body BMD and BMC (total and lower limb), with magnitudes similar to those of other exercise modes.

• MeSH
• americký fotbal * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fotbal * MeSH
• kostní denzita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• osteokalcin MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Předkládaná stať se zabývá vybranou částí problematiky sportovních aktivit německého obyvatelstva v Českých zemích, které zde tvořilo v inkriminovaném období téměř jednu třetinu počtu. Je účelově úzce zaměřena pouze na historii nejvýznamnějšího sportovního klubu v jižních Čechách, což skýtá možnost skutečně detailního sledování vývoje činnosti německého sportovního klubu ve větším městě českého vnitrozemí, v němž ale žila významná německá menšina. Studie postihuje tři od sebe značně odlišná údobí vývoje tohoto německého klubu od jeho skromných počátků před 1. světovou válkou, po kterých následoval jeho výrazný rozvoj v meziválečném období, a přináší také kvalitativně zcela odlišnou dimenzi činnosti v období 2. světové války. Právě detailní zpracování tohoto velmi tragického a ve sportovní historiografii veskrze opomíjeného údobí, přináší také ne příliš frekventovaný pohled na sport národa, jenž rozpoutal a vedl zničující válku. Toto třetí popisované období již zároveň předznamenává úplný konec německého sportu v Českých zemích.

The presented article deals with the select part of problems of sports activities of German population in the Czech countries, forming nearly one third of inhabitants in that period. It is functionally closely focused only on history of the most prominent sports club in South Bohemia, which offers the possibility of truly detailed observation of German sports club's activities in a larger town of the Czech interior, with an important German minority, though. The study covers three considerably different periods of the German club development since its modest beginnings before World War I followed by its significant progress in the interwar period and it also brings completely different dimension of activity in the World War II period. Only the detailed processing of this tragic and in sports historiography entirely neglected period also brings not so frequent view of sport of the nation which started off and led the devastating war. This third described period at the same time foreshadows the very end of German sport in the Czech countries.

• Klíčová slova
• funkcionáři, hráči, výsledky,
• MeSH
• fotbal dějiny   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• menšiny dějiny   psychologie   MeSH
• vedení války MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Německo MeSH

Práce se zabývá určením závislosti velikosti tržní hodnoty národního týmu na dosaženém výsledku na Mistrovství světa ve fotbale v roce 2018 v Rusku. Velikost tržní hodnoty týmu je dána součtem tržních hodnot všech hráčů v týmu. Celková tržní hodnota týmů je následně dána do souvislosti s úspěchem (neúspěchem) na světovém šampionátu, který je vyjádřen celkovým počtem získaných bodů. Z výsledků korelační a regresní analýzy je patrný střední vliv tržní hodnoty týmu na dosaženém výsledku na MS 2018. Hodnota korelačního koeficientu činí 0,57. Vzdálenost od regresní přímky představuje odchylku od regresí predikovaného výsledku a určila tak výslednou efektivitu výsledku každého z týmů. Nejdále od regresní přímky je tým Chorvatska, který je tak s ohledem na velikost své tržní hodnoty hodnocen jako nejefektivnější. Nejméně efektivní je reprezentace Německa. Výsledky jsou konfrontovány s předchozími vrcholnými fotbalovými akcemi.

The size of national team market values and their effect on results achieved at the 2018 Football World Cup in Russia is examined for determination dependency. The size of the team market value is determined by the sum of the market values of all players on the team. The total market value of teams is then related to their success (or failure) at the World Cup, which is expressed by the total number of points earned. The results of the correlation and regression analysis show moderate influence of market value on results achieved at the 2018 World Cup. The correlation coefficient was 0.57. The distance from the regression line represents the deviation from the regression to the predicted result, and establishes a resulting effectiveness value for each team. The Croatian team was the furthest away from the regression line, thus is considered to be the most effective team relative to its market value. The least effect team was Germany. The results are compared with previous top football event results.

• MeSH
• fotbal * ekonomika   MeSH
• marketing MeSH
• obchod MeSH
• sporty ekonomika   MeSH

• MeSH
• fotbal MeSH
• krk MeSH
• poranění krku MeSH
• skóre závažnosti úrazu MeSH
• sportovní úrazy MeSH
• uzavřené poranění hlavy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• tělovýchovné lékařství

In this paper I argue that football plays a questionable role in promoting two potentially problematic activities, namely drinking alcohol and gambling. Gambling and alcohol companies sponsor clubs and competitions and also pay to advertise their products at the stadia and during television coverage. Consequently millions of fans, including children, are exposed to the marketing of these restricted products. The latter are exposed despite regulations that prohibit such advertising and promotion in other contexts. The promotion of these activities to children and to adults increases levels of consumption which in turn increases the number of problem drinkers and gamblers in society. High-profile footballers play a further role in normalising drinking and gambling. They are role models whose actions influence others. Their excessive drinking and gambling activities provide poor examples for football fans, young and old.

• Klíčová slova
• sponzor klubů, hazardní hra, špatný vzor,
• MeSH
• alkoholismus MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• finanční podpora MeSH
• fotbal * MeSH
• hráčství * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pití alkoholu * MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• reklama zaměřená na spotřebitele MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a newly developed warm-up programme ('11+ Kids') regarding its potential to reduce injuries in children's football. METHODS: Children's football teams (under 9 years, under 11 years, and under 13 years age groups) from Switzerland, Germany, the Czech Republic and the Netherlands were invited. Clubs were randomised to an intervention group and a control group, and followed for one season. The intervention group replaced their usual warm-up by '11+ Kids', while the control group warmed up as usual. The primary outcome was the overall risk of football-related injuries. Secondary outcomes were the risks of severe and lower extremity injuries. We calculated hazard ratios using extended Cox models, and performed a compliance analysis. RESULTS: In total, 292,749 h of football exposure of 3895 players were recorded. The mean age of players was 10.8 (standard deviation 1.4) years. During the study period, 374 (intervention group = 139; control group = 235) injuries occurred. The overall injury rate in the intervention group was reduced by 48% compared with the control group (hazard ratio 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.86). Severe (74% reduction, hazard ratio 0.26; 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.64) and lower extremity injuries (55% reduction, hazard ratio 0.45; 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.84) were also reduced. Injury incidence decreased with increasing compliance. CONCLUSION: '11+ Kids' is efficacious in reducing injuries in children's football. We observed considerable effects for overall, severe and lower extremity injuries. The programme should be performed at least once per week to profit from an injury preventive effect. However, two sessions per week can be recommended to further increase the protective benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02222025.

• MeSH
• americký fotbal MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fotbal MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění dolní končetiny prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• sportovní úrazy prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost fyziologie   MeSH
• zahřívací cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

In this study, the Ajax Shuttle Test (AST) and the Curved Sprint Test (CST) were conducted on semiprofessional football players to evaluate (1) their test performance, (2) the extent of anaerobic glycolysis by measuring blood lactate, (3) performance decrement and onset of fatigue, and (4) the correlation between selected physiological variables and test performance. Thirty-two semiprofessional Polish football players participated in this study. Both AST and CST were conducted on an outdoor football ground and were conducted in two sets; each set had six repetitions. In the case of AST, the total duration for 6 repetitions of the exercise in Sets 1 and 2 were 90.63 ± 3.71 and 91.65 ± 4.24 s, respectively, whereas, in the case of CST, the respective values were 46.8 ± 0.56 and 47.2 ± 0.66 s. Peak blood lactate concentration [La] after Sets 1 and 2 of AST were 14.47 ± 3.77 and 15.00 ± 1.85 mmol/L, and in the case of CST, the values were 8.17 ± 1.32 and 9.78 ± 1.35 mmol/L, respectively. Performance decrement in AST was more than in CST, both after Set 1 (4.32 ± 1.43 and 3.31 ± 0.96 in AST and CST, respectively) and Set 2 (7.95 ± 3.24 and 3.71 ± 1.02 in AST and CST, respectively). Only in a few of the repetitions, pulmonary ventilation (VE) and oxygen uptake (VO2) were found to be significantly correlated with the performance of the volunteers in both AST and CST. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was significantly correlated with most of the repetitions of AST, but not with CST. The study concludes that (1) AST shows more dependence on the anaerobic glycolytic system than shorter repetitive sprints (as in CST), (2) there is more performance decrement and fatigue in AST than in CST, and (3) early decrease in performance and fatigue in the semiprofessional football players in AST and CST may be due to the insufficiency of their aerobic energy system.

• MeSH
• běh fyziologie   MeSH
• fotbal fyziologie   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sportovní výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
• únava MeSH
• zátěžový test MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH

Chronotype refer to individuals' time-of-day preferences for activities, which can be classified as "morning types = (M-types)", "evening types = (E-types)", and "neither types (N-types)". The primary aim of this study was to compare the chronotype distribution of Czech First League (1L) and Czech National Football League (2L) male elite football players, which was divided into two secondary aims: (i) statistically identify and compare the number (presence) of particular chronotypes in 1L, and (ii) statistically identify and compare the number (presence) of particular chronotypes in 2L. The present cross-sectional study employed a self-reported standardized questionnaire, the Composite Scale of Morningness, to study the chronotype distribution among the male elite football players. The chronotype distribution of 139 (85 from 1L with mean age ± S.D. = 25.5 ± 3.7 years and 54 from 2L age = 24.4 ± 4.5 years) players was assessed. Overall, 61 (71.8%) of the participants from 1L were mainly N-types, followed by M- and E-types. Similarly, 40 (74.1%) participants from 2L were mainly N-types, followed by M- and E-types. The statistical analysis of the 1L players showed a significantly higher presence of N-types compared to M- and E-types (χ2(2) = 57.62, p < .05, V = .58). The same results were detected in 2L, where the N-type was identified in the majority of football players (χ2(2) = 57.62, p < .05, V = .58). The statistical comparison of the number of presented chronotypes did not show a significant difference (F = 3.29, p > .05, V = .16) between players of the 1L and 2L. Thus, N-types are dominant among Czech elite football players, and the chronotype distribution of male elite football players from the Czech First League and the Czech National Football League does not vary.

• MeSH
• americký fotbal * MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fotbal * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH