Natural sweeteners are in high demand as a part of a healthy lifestyle. Among them, sweeteners with decreased caloric value and suitability for diabetes patients are most requested. Extension in their consumption extends the need for their quality control. A fast gradient UHPLC coupled with charged aerosol detection enabling quantitation of stevioside, rebaudioside A-D, and steviolbioside in commercial sweeteners and Stevia rebaudiana plant extracts has been developed. The method was developed to achieve high efficiency, simplicity, versatility, and low solvent consumption. All steviol glycosides were baseline-separated in less than 4 min with a total run time of 7 min. Buffer-free eluents were used in the separations and only 2.45 mL solvent were needed per analysis. The Luna Omega Polar column featuring polar modification of the C18 stationary phase was employed with mobile phases composed of water and acetonitrile for the excellent separation of polar steviol glycosides. The flow rate of the mobile phase 0.35 mL/min, column temperature 50 °C and injection volume 2 µL were used. Critical pair of glycosides, stevioside and rebaudioside A, were baseline separated with a resolution of 2.41. The universal charged aerosol detector allowed quantitation of steviol glycosides with a limit of detection and quantitation 0.15 and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively. Method intra-day precision was less than 2% (RSD), and the recovery was 89.6-105.0% and 93.8-111.4% for plant material and sweetener tablets, respectively. The quantity of steviol glycosides in three out of four commercial sweeteners was 3.0-12.3% higher than declared. The content was about 12.4% less than declared in one sample. But the difference from the labeled content corresponded to trueness and precision of the developed method together with variability of sweeteners production. The most abundant glycoside detected in sweeteners was stevioside followed by rebaudioside A. A leaf-to-stem ratio describing the dominant accumulation of steviol glycosides in leaves affected the differences in the amount of steviol glycosides among plant samples.

• MeSH
• aerosoly MeSH
• diterpeny kauranové * analýza   MeSH
• glukosidy MeSH
• glykosidy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• sladidla analýza   MeSH
• Stevia * MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• prořezávání zubů MeSH
• úrazy zubů komplikace   MeSH
• zubní ankylóza * diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

The new screening method for rapid evaluation of major phenolic compounds in apples has been developed. Suitability of coupling HPLC/UHPLC separation with the diode-array detection and universal charged aerosol detection with respect to the presence of interfering substances was tested. Characteristics of both detection techniques were compared and method linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, and selectivity of them determined. Student t-test based on slopes of calibration plots was applied for the detailed comparison. The diode-array detection provided the best results regarding sensitivity and selectivity of the developed method in terms of evaluation of phenolics profiles. The response of the charged aerosol detector was negatively affected by co-eluting substances during rapid-screening analyses. Coulometric detection was used for advanced characterization of extracts in terms of antioxidant content and strength to obtain more complex information concerning sample composition. This detection also allowed evaluation of unidentified compounds with antioxidant activity. HPLC/UHPLC separation using a combination of diode-array and coulometric detectors thus represented the best approach enabling quick, yet complex characterization of bioactive compounds in apples.

• MeSH
• aerosoly chemie   MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   MeSH
• chromatografie metody   MeSH
• elektrochemie metody   MeSH
• fenol chemie   MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• Malus metabolismus   MeSH
• potravinářská technologie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Tooth ankyloses are pathological conditions in human, which arise by direct fusion of the tooth with surrounding tissues as a result of trauma or inflammation around teeth. Failure of interaction between these tissues lead to the disruption of tooth function as an organ and the resorption of alveolar bone. This state is followed by loss of teeth and by the initiation of conditions inappropriate for following teeth reconstruction. Aim of the project is to uncover cellular and molecular processes contributing to morphological and functional changes during tooth ankyloses initiation in human. Project will use new methodical approaches such as LIBS, micro CT examination or gene expression analyses of osteogenic factors in periodontal area with aim to expand our understanding about causes of teeth ankyloses commencement as well as possibilities of new approaches for their prevention during teeth traumas.

Zubní ankylóza je u člověka patologický proces, který vzniká přímou fúzí zubní tkáně s okolní kostí díky traumatům či zánětu v okolí zubu. Selháním interakce mezi těmito dvěma tkáněmi dochází k poruchám funkce zubu jako orgánu, která může vést k resorpci alveolární kosti. Tento stav končí často ztrátou zubu a vznikem podmínek nevhodných pro následnou rekonstrukci ztraceného zubu. Cílem projektu je odhalení buněčných a molekulárních procesů podílejících se na morfologických a funkčních změnách během vzniku zubní ankylózy u člověka. Projekt rovněž využije nové metodické přístupy jako LIBS, mikro CT analýzy či sledování změn exprese osteogenních faktorů v oblasti paradontu s cílem rozšířit znalosti o příčinách vzniku zubních ankylóz, jakož i možnosti preventivních přístupů při traumatech zubů.

• Klíčová slova
• ankylóza, ankyloses, zub, tooth, osteogenní markery, alveolární kost, LIBS, PCR Array, mikro CT, osteogenetic markers, alveolar bone, LIBS, PCR Array, micro CT,

• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

The project is focused on: 1) Creation of a hypodontic patients collection diagnosed by RTG, CT and clinical examination; 2) Screening of samples for known mutations in PAX9, MSX1 and AXIN2 by capillary sequencing – prevalence analysis; 3) Analysis of cells and tissues after tooth autotransplantations (molecular and cellular analysis of the tissue complex tooth - bone - periodontal apparatus).

Předmět a metodika řešení projektu jsou následující: 1) Vytvoření souborů pacientů s hypodoncií detekovanou na základě RTG resp. CT vyšetření; 2) screening vzorků na mutace v genech PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2 a dalších relevantních genů metodou kapilárního sekvenování – analýza prevalence mutací; 3) analýza tkání po autotransplantacích (molekulární a buněčná analýza komplexu zub-kost-periodont).

• MeSH
• anodoncie MeSH
• autologní transplantace MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH

• Konspekt
• Stomatologie
• NLK Obory
• zubní lékařství
• molekulární biologie, molekulární medicína
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

Developmental cysts are pathological epithelial-lined cavities arising in various organs as a result of systemic or hereditary diseases. Molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of developmental odontogenic cysts (OCs) are not fully understood yet; the cystogenesis of renal cysts originating from the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) has been, however, explored in much greater detail. This narrative review aimed i) to summarize molecular and cellular processes involved in the formation and growth of developmental OCs, especially dentigerous cysts (DCs) and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), ii) to find if there are any similarities in their cystogenesis to ADPKD cysts, and, based on that, iii) to suggest potential factors, candidate molecules, and mechanisms that could be involved in the DC formation, thus proposing further research directions. Here we suggest a possible association of developmental OCs with primary cilia disruption and with hypoxia, which have been previously linked with cyst formation in ADPKD patients. This is illustrated on the imagery of tissues from an ADPKD patient (renal cyst) and from developmental OCs, supporting the similarities in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and primary cilia distribution in DC/OKC/ADPKD tissues. Based on all that, we propose a novel hypothesis of OCs formation suggesting a crucial role of mutations associated with the signaling pathways of primary cilia (in particular, Sonic Hedgehog). These can lead to excessive proliferation and formation of cell agglomerates, which is followed by hypoxia-driven apoptosis in the centers of such agglomerates (controlled by molecules such as Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha), leading to cavity formation and, finally, the OCs development. Based on this, we propose future perspectives in the investigation of OC pathogenesis.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. METHODS: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. RESULTS: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.

• MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví * MeSH
• globální zátěž nemocemi * MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kvalitativně upravené roky života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• morbidita MeSH
• naděje dožití MeSH
• rány a poranění * mortalita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH