• MeSH
• gastroenterologie MeSH
• gastrointestinální nemoci MeSH
• nemoci jater MeSH
• nemoci trávicího systému MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• vnitřní lékařství
• gastroenterologie

• MeSH
• gastroenterologie * MeSH
• hepatolentikulární degenerace * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH

• O autorovi
• Mareček, Zdeněk, 1938- Autorita

• MeSH
• antidota MeSH
• farmakologie MeSH
• jedy MeSH
• otrava MeSH
• toxikologie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• vnitřní lékařství
• farmacie a farmakologie
• toxikologie

• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH

• O autorovi
• Mareček, Pavel, 1935- Autorita

• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH

• O autorovi
• Mareček, Pavel, 1935- Autorita

• MeSH
• akutní selhání jater diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hepatolentikulární degenerace diagnóza   komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising tool to study and modulate brain plasticity. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the effects of rTMS on cognitive functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (MCI/AD) and assess the effect of gray matter (GM) atrophy on stimulation outcomes. METHODS: Twenty MCI/AD patients participated in the proof-of-concept controlled study. Each patient received three sessions of 10 Hz rTMS of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), and the vertex (VTX, a control stimulation site) in a randomized order. Cognitive functions were tested prior to and immediately after each session. The GM volumetric data of patients were: 1) compared to healthy controls (HC) using source-based morphometry; 2) correlated with rTMS-induced cognitive improvement. RESULTS: The effect of the stimulated site on the difference in cognitive scores was statistically significant for the Word part of the Stroop test (ST-W, p = 0.012, linear mixed models). As compared to the VTX stimulation, patients significantly improved after both IFG and STG stimulation in this cognitive measure. MCI/AD patients had significant GM atrophy in characteristic brain regions as compared to HC (p = 0.029, Bonferroni corrected). The amount of atrophy correlated with the change in ST-W scores after rTMS of the STG. CONCLUSION: rTMS enhanced cognitive functions in MCI/AD patients. We demonstrated for the first time that distinct pattern of GM atrophy in MCI/AD diminishes the cognitive effects induced by rTMS of the temporal neocortex.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc komplikace   MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy * etiologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozková kůra fyziologie   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• psychiatrické posuzovací škály MeSH
• šedá hmota patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transkraniální magnetická stimulace metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This study aimed to directly compare electroencephalography (EEG) whole-brain patterns of neural dynamics with concurrently measured fMRI BOLD data. To achieve this, we aim to derive EEG patterns based on a spatio-spectral decomposition of band-limited EEG power in the source-reconstructed space. In a large dataset of 72 subjects undergoing resting-state hdEEG-fMRI, we demonstrated that the proposed approach is reliable in terms of both the extracted patterns as well as their spatial BOLD signatures. The five most robust EEG spatio-spectral patterns not only include the well-known occipital alpha power dynamics, ensuring consistency with established findings, but also reveal additional patterns, uncovering new insights into brain activity. We report and interpret the most reproducible source-space EEG-fMRI patterns, along with the corresponding EEG electrode-space patterns, which are better known from the literature. The EEG spatio-spectral patterns show weak, yet statistically significant spatial similarity to their functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signatures, particularly in the patterns that exhibit stronger temporal synchronization with BOLD. However, we did not observe a statistically significant relationship between the EEG spatio-spectral patterns and the classical fMRI BOLD resting-state networks (as identified through independent component analysis), tested as the similarity between their temporal synchronization and spatial overlap. This provides evidence that both EEG (frequency-specific) power and the BOLD signal capture reproducible spatio-temporal patterns of neural dynamics. Instead of being mutually redundant, these only partially overlap, providing largely complementary information regarding the underlying low-frequency dynamics.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Both maternal depression problems during pregnancy and prenatal exposure to air pollution have been associated with changes in the brain as well as worse mood and anxiety in the offspring in adulthood. However, it is not clear whether these effects are independent or whether and how they might interact and impact the brain age and mental health of the young adult offspring. METHODS: A total of 202 mother-child dyads from a prenatal birth cohort were assessed for maternal depression during pregnancy through self-report questionnaires administered in the early 90s, exposure to air pollutants (Sulfur dioxide [SO2], nitrogen oxides [NOx], and suspended particle matter [SPM]) during each trimester based on maternal address and air quality data, mental health of the young adult offspring (28-30 years of age; 52% men, all of European ancestry) using self-report questionnaires for depression (Beck Depression Inventory), mood dysregulation (Profile of Mood States), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and psychotic symptoms (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire), and brain age, estimated from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and previously published neuroanatomical age prediction model using cortical thickness maps. The brain age gap estimate (BrainAGE) was computed by subtracting structural brain age from chronological age. Trajectories of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy were assessed using Growth Mixture Modeling. The interactions of prenatal depression and prenatal exposure to air pollutants on adult mental health and BrainAGE were assessed using hierarchical linear regression. RESULTS: We revealed two distinct trajectories of exposure to air pollution during pregnancy: "early exposure," characterized by high exposure during the first trimester, followed by a steady decrease, and "late exposure," characterized by low exposure during the first trimester, followed by a steady increase in the exposure during the subsequent trimesters. Maternal depression during the first half of pregnancy interacted with NOX exposure trajectory, predicting mood dysregulation and schizotypal symptoms in young adults. In addition, maternal depression during the second half of pregnancy interacted with both NOx and SO2 exposure trajectories, respectively, and predicted BrainAGE in young adults. In those with early exposure to NOx, maternal depression during pregnancy was associated with worse mental health and accelerated brain aging in young adulthood. In contrast, in those with early exposure to SO2, maternal depression during pregnancy was associated with slower brain aging in young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide the first evidence of the combined effects of prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal depression on mental health outcomes and brain age in young adult offspring. Moreover, they point out the importance of the timing and trajectory of the exposure during prenatal development.

• MeSH
• deprese * chemicky indukované   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní zdraví MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch škodlivé účinky   toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mozek * účinky léků   růst a vývoj   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice * chemicky indukované   psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: In some fields of fMRI data analysis, using correct methods for dealing with noise is crucial for achieving meaningful results. This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the effects of different preprocessing and noise filtering strategies on psychophysiological interactions (PPI) methods for analyzing fMRI data where noise management has not yet been established. METHODS: Both real and simulated fMRI data were used to assess these effects. Four regions of interest (ROIs) were chosen for the PPI analysis on the basis of their engagement during two tasks. PPI analysis was performed for 32 different preprocessing and analysis settings, which included data filtering with RETROICOR or no such filtering; different filtering of the ROI "seed" signal with a nuisance data-driven time series; and the involvement of these data-driven time series in the subsequent PPI GLM analysis. The extent of the statistically significant results was quantified at the group level using simple descriptive statistics. Simulated data were generated to assess statistical improvement of different filtering strategies. RESULTS: We observed that different approaches for dealing with noise in PPI analysis yield differing results in real data. In simulated data, we found RETROICOR, seed signal filtering and the addition of data-driven covariates to the PPI design matrix significantly improves results. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the use of RETROICOR, and data-driven filtering of the whole data, or alternatively, seed signal filtering with data-driven signals and the addition of data-driven covariates to the PPI design matrix.

• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hluk * MeSH
• interpretace obrazu počítačem MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mapování mozku * MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek krevní zásobení   fyziologie   MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• rozhodování fyziologie   MeSH
• sémantika MeSH
• světelná stimulace MeSH
• zraková percepce fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH