Annual trunk increments are essential for short-term analyses of the response of trees to various factors. For instance, based on annual trunk increments, it is possible to develop and calibrate forest growth models. We investigated the possibility of estimating annual trunk increments from the terrestrial structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry. Obtaining the annual trunk increments of mature trees is challenging due to the relatively small growth of trunks within one year. In our experiment, annual trunk increments were obtained by two conventional methods: measuring tape (perimeter increment) at heights of 0.8, 1.3, and 1.8 m on the trunk and increment borer (diameter increment) at a height of 1.3 m on the trunk. The following tree species were investigated: Fagus sylvatica L. (beech), Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (oak), Picea abies (L.) H. Karst (spruce), and Abies alba Mill (fir). The annual trunk increments ranged from 0.9 cm to 2.4 cm (tape/perimeter) and from 0.7 mm to 3.1 mm (borer/diameter). The data were collected before- and after-vegetation season, besides the data collection increment borer. When the estimated perimeters from the terrestrial SfM photogrammetry were compared to those obtained using the measuring tape, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.25-1.33 cm. The relative RMSE did not exceed 1% for all tree species. No statistically significant differences were found between the annual trunk increments obtained using the measuring tape and terrestrial SfM photogrammetry for beech, spruce, and fir. Only in the case of oak, the difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between the annual trunk increments collected using the increment borer and those derived from terrestrial SfM photogrammetry was positive and equal to 0.6501. Terrestrial SfM photogrammetry is a hardware low-demanding technique that provides accurate three-dimensional data that can, based on our results, even detect small temporal tree trunk changes.

• MeSH
• fotogrammetrie * MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• stromy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

PURPOSE: Hyperthermia is a cancer treatment in which the target region is heated to temperatures of 40-44 °C usually applying external electromagnetic field sources. The behavior of the hyperthermia applicators (antennas) in clinical practice should be periodically checked with phantom experiments to verify the applicator's performance over time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of photogrammetry reconstructions of 3D applicator position in these quality control procedure measurements. METHODS: Photogrammetry reconstruction was applied at superficial hyperthermia scenario using the Lucite cone applicator (LCA) and phased-array heating in the head and neck region using the HYPERcollar3D. Wire-frame models of the entire measurement setups were created from multiple-view images and used for recreation of the setup inside 3D electromagnetic field simulation software. We evaluated applicator relation (Ra) between measured and simulated absolute specific absorption rate (SAR) for manually created and photogrammetry reconstructed simulation setups. RESULTS: We found a displacement of 7.9 mm for the LCA and 8.2 mm for the HYPERcollar3D setups when comparing manually created and photogrammetry reconstructed applicator models placements. Ra improved from 1.24 to 1.18 for the LCA and from 1.17 to 1.07 for the HYPERcollar3D when using photogrammetry reconstructed simulation setups. CONCLUSION: Photogrammetry reconstruction technique holds promise to improve measurement setup reconstruction and agreement between measured and simulated absolute SAR.

• MeSH
• fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
• fotogrammetrie MeSH
• indukovaná hypertermie * MeSH
• polymethylmethakrylát MeSH
• řízení kvality MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Creating digital replicas of unique biological findings or archeological artifacts has become a desirable task, which enables to spare original integrity and enhance accessibility of valuable objects to a wide range of experts as well as public. In recent years, specialized scanning devices have been challenged by performance of photogrammetry software tools capable of processing unstructured image sets and providing three-dimensional digital models in return. Simplicity, portability and affordability predetermine photogrammetry to be the method of choice if three-dimensional documentation is to be conducted at remote facilities and outdoor locations. The present paper tests technical limitations of two 3D documentation techniques – close range photogrammetry carried out in Agisoft PhotoScan software and laser scanning conducted with MicroScribe/MicroScan scanning unit while documenting pelvic bones and sacra from the Upper Paleolithic triple burial of Dolní Věstonice, Czech Republic. For photogrammetry, two different approaches to generate closed textured 3D models were confronted – alignment of partial polygonal meshes and joint processing of multiple image sets. Our results showed that photogrammetry provided high-resolution 3D models appended by photorealistic texture. In terms of depicted details, the photogrammetry-generated models were comparable to those of laser scanning. However, the robust performance of the employed algorithm was achieved at the expense of extensive time and labor demands, which for many experts may be difficult to justify. In conclusion, photogrammetry should be considered a suitable substitute for surface scanners only if conducted for occasional and/or out-of-lab documentation tasks.

• MeSH
• fotogrammetrie * metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• lasery MeSH
• pánevní kosti MeSH
• tělesné pozůstatky MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Three-dimensional surface technologies particularly close range photogrammetry and optical surface scanning have recently advanced into affordable, flexible and accurate techniques. Forensic postmortem investigation as performed on a daily basis, however, has not yet fully benefited from their potentials. In the present paper, we tested two approaches to 3D external body documentation - digital camera-based photogrammetry combined with commercial Agisoft PhotoScan(®) software and stereophotogrammetry-based Vectra H1(®), a portable handheld surface scanner. In order to conduct the study three human subjects were selected, a living person, a 25-year-old female, and two forensic cases admitted for postmortem examination at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic (both 63-year-old males), one dead to traumatic, self-inflicted, injuries (suicide by hanging), the other diagnosed with the heart failure. All three cases were photographed in 360° manner with a Nikon 7000 digital camera and simultaneously documented with the handheld scanner. In addition to having recorded the pre-autopsy phase of the forensic cases, both techniques were employed in various stages of autopsy. The sets of collected digital images (approximately 100 per case) were further processed to generate point clouds and 3D meshes. Final 3D models (a pair per individual) were counted for numbers of points and polygons, then assessed visually and compared quantitatively using ICP alignment algorithm and a cloud point comparison technique based on closest point to point distances. Both techniques were proven to be easy to handle and equally laborious. While collecting the images at autopsy took around 20min, the post-processing was much more time-demanding and required up to 10h of computation time. Moreover, for the full-body scanning the post-processing of the handheld scanner required rather time-consuming manual image alignment. In all instances the applied approaches produced high-resolution photorealistic, real sized or easy to calibrate 3D surface models. Both methods equally failed when the scanned body surface was covered with body hair or reflective moist areas. Still, it can be concluded that single camera close range photogrammetry and optical surface scanning using Vectra H1 scanner represent relatively low-cost solutions which were shown to be beneficial for postmortem body documentation in forensic pathology.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fotogrammetrie * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítačová simulace * MeSH
• software MeSH
• soudní patologie metody   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• fotometrie využití   MeSH
• orbita patologie   MeSH
• rány a poranění diagnóza   MeSH
• zraková percepce prevence a kontrola   MeSH

Pro zhotovování zubních náhrad je nutné určit podélný a příčný sklon kloubní drýhy dolní čelisti.Projekt navrhuje vyvinout přístroj pro 3D rekonstrukci pohybu kloubní dráhy fotogrammetrickou metodou.Pohyb dolní čelisti bude snímán dvojicí kamer.; Project aims to develop a method and a device for 3D reconstruction of lower jaw joint trajectory for prosthetics and face surgery purposes.The method of reconstruction is based on photogrammetry with two CCD cameras.

• MeSH
• audiovizuální záznam MeSH
• biometrie MeSH
• fotogrammetrie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• nemoci temporomandibulárního kloubu diagnóza   MeSH
• stomatologická protetika přístrojové vybavení   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• zubní lékařství
• lékařská informatika
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

In some applications of thermography, spatial orientation of the thermal infrared information can be desirable. By the photogrammetric processing of thermal infrared (TIR) images, it is possible to create 2D and 3D results augmented by thermal infrared information. On the augmented 2D and 3D results, it is possible to locate thermal occurrences in the coordinate system and to determine their scale, length, area or volume. However, photogrammetric processing of TIR images is difficult due to negative factors which are caused by the natural character of TIR images. Among the negative factors are the lower resolution of TIR images compared to RGB images and lack of visible features on the TIR images. To eliminate these negative factors, two methods of photogrammetric co-processing of TIR and RGB images were designed. Both methods require a fixed system of TIR and RGB cameras and for each TIR image a corresponding RGB image must be captured. One of the methods was termed sharpening and the result of this method is mainly an augmented orthophoto, and an augmented texture of the 3D model. The second method was termed reprojection and the result of this method is a point cloud augmented by thermal infrared information. The details of the designed methods, as well as the experiments related to the methods, are presented in this article.

• MeSH
• fotogrammetrie * MeSH
• termografie * metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Úvod a cíl: Lidský obličej slouží jako zdroj mnoha informací. Znalost jeho morfologie je podstatná pro řadu biomedicínských oborů. Studium obličeje však přináší velké množství obtíží. Problematická je jeho velká tvarová variabilita a také to, že jednotlivé části rostou rozdílnou rychlostí. Účelem tohoto přehledového článku je představit metody zabývající se výzkumem morfologie obličeje a popsat jejich výhody a nevýhody. Metody: Mezi tradiční metody patří antropometrie, která se zabývá měřením velikosti, hmotnosti a proporcí lidského těla. Tento způsob výzkumu je sice levný a trojdimenzionální, ale je časově velmi náročný. V praxi se pro analýzu obličejových struktur nejčastěji používají kefalometrie a klasické dvojdimenzionální fotografi e. Mezi výhody těchto dvojdimenzionálních zobrazovacích metod patří jejich rychlé zhotovení, možnost archivace získaných dat a nízká cena. V poslední době se do popředí zájmu mnoha výzkumů dostávají trojdimenzionální zobrazovací systémy. Nacházejí své uplatnění nejen v ortodoncii, ale také v maxilofaciální chirurgii. Řadíme mezi ně výpočetní tomografi i, výpočetní tomografi i kuželovým svazkem, laserové a optické skenery. První dvě zmiňované techniky nejsou kvůli expozici radiačnímu záření, vysoké ceně a slabému rozlišení obličejových obrysů pro výzkum morfologie obličeje vhodné. Laserové skenery využívají laserového paprsku (bodového nebo v podobě proužku), který přechází přes povrch obličeje pacienta a vytváří velmi přesný trojdimenzionální model. Čas na jeho zhotovení je relativně dlouhý (až 20 sekund). Optické skenery dělíme podle principu snímání na dvě skupiny: skenery využívající strukturované světlo a skenery fungující na principu stereofotogrammetrie (pasivní nebo aktivní). Získané modely detailně popisují povrchové struktury s realistickým znázorněním textury a barvy kůže. Závěr: Pro mnoho oborů (antropologie, genetika, ortodoncie, chirurgie aj.) se trojdimenzionální fotografi e stávají stále důležitějšími. Jejich přesnost a možnost využití v klinické praxi již byly ověřeny nezávislými studiemi.

Introduction and aim of study: The human face serves as a source of a great deal of information. Knowledge of its morphology is essential for many biomedical specializations. The study of the face brings many diffi culties. Problematic is the high facial shape variability as well as the fact that the individual parts grow with diff erent speed. The purpose of this review of existing literature is to present research methods of the facial morphology and describe their advantages and disadvantages. Methods: Anthropometry belongs to traditional research methods. It deals with the measuring of size, weight and proportions of the human body. Although this way of research is inexpensive and three-dimensional, it is very time-consuming. In clinical practice, cephalometry and classical two-dimensional photographs are the most common methods used for facial structures analysis. The advantages of these two-dimensional imaging methods are a quick acquisition, a possibility of the obtained data storage and low cost. Recently, there has been a growing interest of many studies in three-dimensional imaging systems. These systems have been found useful not only in orthodontics but also in maxillofacial surgery. Computed tomography, cone-beam computed tomography, laser and optical scanners belong to these. The fi rst two mentioned techniques are not suitable for research of facial morphology on account of exposure to radiation, high cost and low resolution of facial contours. Laser scanners use laser beam (point or stripe) that goes over the patient’s face and creates a very accurate three- -dimensional model. The time for its acquisition is relatively long (up to 20 seconds). Optical scanners can be divided into two groups according to the scanning principle: anascanners using structured light and scanners using stereo photogrammetry (passive or active). The obtained models describe surface structures in detail with a realistic picture of a texture and skin colour. Conclusion: Three-dimensional photographs are constantly becoming more important in many fields (anthropology, genetics, orthodontics, surgery...). Their accuracy and potential in clinical practice have already been verified in independent studies.

• Klíčová slova
• optické skenery, laserové skenery, morfologie obličeje,
• MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• fotogrammetrie metody   MeSH
• kefalometrie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obličej * anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• počítačová tomografie s kuželovým svazkem metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• diabetická retinopatie * klasifikace   patologie   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• fotogrammetrie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plošný screening metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH