Physical functional performance
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... Sport, exercise and Physical Education in the social sciences 9 -- Irena Martínková: The problem of safety ... ... martial arts and martial sports II -- Monika Zarába, Elžbicta Cicsla: Dexterity and the level of physical ... ... Katrin Karuauk: Relationships of playing performance eharactcristics with anthropometrieal parameters ... ... influence on the physical training of soldiers 345 -- Judit Bolgár. ... ... Meclis Stamm: Effects of conscripts\" prediagnosed diseases on their physical performance at the end ...
1st ed. 369 s. : il., tab. ; 23 cm
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fyziologie sportovní výživy MeSH
- genomika MeSH
- kineziologie aplikovaná MeSH
- pohybová aktivita fyziologie MeSH
- sporty fyziologie MeSH
- techniky cvičení a pohybu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- sborníky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Sport. Hry. Tělesná cvičení
- NLK Obory
- tělovýchovné lékařství
- tělovýchovné lékařství
BACKGROUND: Local dynamic stability (LDS) has become accepted as a gait stability indicator. The deterioration of gait stability is magnified in older adults. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the current state in the field regarding rthe relationship between LDS and cognitive and/or physical function in older adults? METHODS: A scoping review design was used to search for peer-reviewed literature or conference proceedings published through May 2023 for an association between LDS and cognitive (e.g., Montreal Cognitive Assessment) or physical performance (e.g., Timed Up & Go Test) in older adults. Only studies investigating gait stability via LDS during controlled walking, when dealing with a subject group consisting of healthy older adults, and quantifying LDS relationship to cognitive and/or physical measure were included. We analysed data from the studies in a descriptive manner. RESULTS: In total, 814 potentially relevant articles were selected, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. We identified 37 LDS quantifiers employed in LDS-cognition and/or LDS-physical performance relationship assessment. Nine measures of cognitive and 20 measures of physical performance were analysed. Most studies estimated LDS quantities using triaxial acceleration data. However, there was a variance in sensor placement and signal direction. Out of the 56 studied relationships of LDS to physical performance measures, sixteen were found to be relevant. Out of 22 studied relationships between LDS and cognitive measures, only two were worthwhile. SIGNIFICANCE: Considering the heterogeneity of the utilized LDS (caused by different sensors locations, signals, and signal directions as well as variety of computational approaches to estimate LDS) and cognitive/physical measures, the results of this scoping review does not indicate a current need for a systematic review with meta-analysis. To assess the overall utility of LDS to reveal a relationship between LDS to cognitive and physical performance measures, an analysis of other subject groups would be appropriate.
- MeSH
- chůze (způsob) * MeSH
- chůze * MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tělesná a funkční výkonnost MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is frequently utilized as a method to reduce body mass. Its intensity of work results in a number of beneficial adaptive changes in a relatively short period of time. Irisin is a myokine and adipokine secreted to the blood during exercise and it takes part in the regulation of energy metabolism. It is a vital issue from the prophylaxis point of view as well as treatment through exercise of different diseases (e.g., obesity, type-2 diabetes). The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in irisin concentration, body composition, and aerobic and anaerobic performance in men after HIIT. Eight weeks of HIIT following the Tabata protocol was applied in the training group (HT) (n = 15), while a sedentary group (SED) (n = 10) did not participate in fitness activities within the same time period. Changes of irisin, body composition, and aerobic and anaerobic performance were evaluated after graded exercise test (GXT) and Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) before and after eight weeks of training. Training resulted in an increased of blood irisin concentration (by 29.7%) p < 0.05), VO2max increase (PRE: 44.86 ± 5.74 mL·kg-1·min-1; POST: 50.16 ± 5.80 mL kg-1·min-1; p < 0.05), reduction in percent body fat (PRE: 14.44 ± 3.33%; POST: 13.61 ± 3.16%; p < 0.05), and increase of WAnT parameters (p < 0.05) in the HT group. No changes were observed in the SED group. HIIT resulted in beneficial effects in the increase in blood irisin concentration, physical performance, and reduced fat content. The HIIT may indicate an acceleration of base metabolism. This effect can be utilized in the prevention or treatment of obesity.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 24-week shallow-water aerobic exercise on functional performance in postmenopausal women. Thirty-seven women aged 60+ (mean age 67.2 ± 4.8 years) were self-selected to a water exercise group (n = 21) or to a comparison group (n = 16). The training consisted of a 24-week (60 min.day−1, 1 d.wk−1) supervised and guided exercise programme that included aerobic and strength training using an aquatic noodle in shallow water (1.2 m). Outcome measures were 30-s chair stand and 30-s arm curl tests, assessed at baseline and 24 weeks. Significant differences between groups were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. At 24 weeks there was a significantly (p < 0.05) greater improvement in measure of upper-body strength in the water exercise group. Arm curling improved by 15.8 versus 14.3% in the water exercise and comparison groups, respectively.
- MeSH
- cvičení * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- postmenopauza MeSH
- sportovní výkon psychologie MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of the study was to describe the menstrual status and perception, risk of low energy availability (LEA) and the presence of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in youth female from a soccer team. Also, verify the possible effect of LEA and ON on physical performance. Data from 19 female players (14.6 ± 1.42 yr) belonging to a soccer team from Cyprus was taken during pre-season. The menstrual cycle status was evaluated by specific questions, LEA by the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), ON by the ORTO-R questionnaire and physical performance by jump, handgrip and cardiorespiratory exercise tests. Players were separated into the risk of LEA and ON. Comparison and correlation tests were performed with a significance set at p < 0.05. As the main results, 66.7% of players perceived that the menstrual period affects their performance in the game, 83.3% did not communicate with coaches about their menstrual cycle; the prevalence of risk of LEA was 26.3%; players with risk of LEA also presented higher scores ON; neither LEA nor ON presented a significant association with players performance. The findings highlighted that youth players perceived an impact of the menstrual period on performance, but did not communicate with the coach about it. Players with the risk of LEA and high values of ON seem not to be associated with a decrease in physical performance during the pre-season evaluation. Attention is required as the players were assessed once. Monitoring these parameters throughout the sports season is recommended to obtain better clarification about the topic.
... Sport, exercise and Physical Education in the social sciences 9 -- Irena Martínková: The problem of safety ... ... martial arts and martial sports II -- Monika Zarába, Elžbicta Cicsla: Dexterity and the level of physical ... ... Katrin Karuauk: Relationships of playing performance eharactcristics with anthropometrieal parameters ... ... influence on the physical training of soldiers 345 -- Judit Bolgár. ... ... Meclis Stamm: Effects of conscripts\" prediagnosed diseases on their physical performance at the end ...
1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (370 stran)
- Klíčová slova
- Sporty,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fyziologie sportovní výživy MeSH
- genomika MeSH
- kineziologie aplikovaná MeSH
- pohybová aktivita fyziologie MeSH
- sporty fyziologie MeSH
- techniky cvičení a pohybu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- NLK Obory
- tělovýchovné lékařství
- tělovýchovné lékařství
Ve sportu neustále dochází ke zlepšování výkonnostní úrovně. Za použití statistické a expertní analýzy časových řad jsme zjišťovali změny výkonnosti v běhu na 5 000 m mužů v letech 1945–2016 a faktory ovlivňující průběh výkonnosti. První a nejsilnější osobností této disciplíny byl Emil Zátopek. Data jsme získali z atletických ročenek a publikací, použili jsme nejlepší výkon nejlepších padesáti závodníků v každém roce. Tvar výkonnostní křivky se blíží parabole. Po 2. světové válce má křivka výkonnosti rychle rostoucí trend, od poloviny 50. let dochází ke zpomalení růstu, který ale pokračuje až do poloviny 70. let. Tam začíná období vrcholné výkonnosti, které končí v roce 1989. Od té doby výkonnost opět klesá, v současnosti je úroveň výkonnosti nejhorší od roku 1953, dle některých parametrů od roku 1946. Na změnách výkonnosti se pravděpodobně podílí úroveň státní podpory sportu, společenské změny, vývoj tréninku, fungování středisek a také možnost komerčních startů mimo dráhu. Přestože již došlo k částečnému obnovení po roce 1989 zrušeného systému podpory talentů, v běhu na 5 000 m mužů v současnosti nedochází k opětnému dlouhodobému růstu výkonnosti. Zjistili jsme významnou souvislost mezi výkonností absolutní špičky a širokou základnou běžců v ČR, Spearmanův korelační koeficient mezi 3. nejlepším výkonem roku a 50. výkonem roku je rs = 0,908. Je otázkou, zda se aktuální popularita běhu promítne v budoucnu i do této statistiky.
As a rule, performance capacity in sports constantly improves. Using statistical and expert analyses of time series, the authors examine changes in performance capacity in men's 5,000 meter run during 1945 – 2016 and factors influencing on the development of performance capacity. Emil Zátopek was the first and strongest personality to succeed in this discipline. Data was acquired from athletic annuals and publications, and data related to the best performance of the leading fifty runners in each year were used. The shape of the performance curve is close to a parabola. The period afterWorldWar II saw the curve of performance follow a rapidly growing trend, which, however, decelerated during the mid-1950's until the mid-1970's. The latter marked a period of top performance, which was to end in the year 1989. Since then, performance has had a decreasing trend, and currently, the level of performance is the worst since 1953, according to some parameters since 1946. These changes in performance are probably partly caused by the level of State aid towards sports, social changes, development of training, and operation of sports centres as well as the option to participate in commercial contests outside the athletic track. Even though the talent support system abandoned in 1989 was partially renewed, performance capacity in men's 5,000 metre run presently fails to experience a long-term growth. We have determined a significant connection between performance of top runners and a large platform of runners in the Czech Republic, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the 3rd best performance of the year and the 50th performance of the year is rs = 0.908. It is debatable whether the current popularity of running will be reflected in this statistics in the future.
