Aj napriek pokrokom v liečbe mnohopočetného myelómu, drvivá väčšina pacientov relabuje. Bohužiaľ, u mnohých pacientov sa vyvinie ochorenie, ktoré je refraktérne na podávanie lenalidomidu a bortezomibu, a títo pacienti majú obmedzené možnosti liečby. Pomalidomid je účinná druhogeneračná imunomodulačná látka s priamym antiproliferatívnym, proapoptotickým a antiangiogénnym účinkom, ako aj s modulačným účinkom na kostnú resorpciu a imunitný systém. Pomalidomid má v porovnaní s lenalidomidom a talidomidom výraznejší protimyelómový účinok. Optimálna úvodná dávka je 4 mg perorálne po dobu 21 dní v 28-dňových cykloch a kombinácia s dexametazonom má synergický efekt. V rámci klinických štúdií mal pomalidomid v kombinácii s nízkodávkovaným dexametazonom lepšie liečebné odpovede, dobu bez progresie a celkové prežívanie v porovnaní s vysokodávkovaným dexametazonom alebo monoterapiou pomalidomidom. Pomalidomid má obmedzenú skríženú rezistenciu s lenalidomidom a celkový počet liečebných odpovedí u dvojito refraktérnych pacientov, aj na lenalidomid aj na bortezomib, sa dosahuje u 26–31 % pacientov. Medzi najčastejšie nežiaduce účinky 3. a 4. stupňa patrí hematologická toxicita (neutropénia, trombocytopénia a anémia). Pomalidomid bol schválený americkou (FDA) a európskou inštitúciou (EMA) na liečbu pacientov s mnohopočetným myelómom, ktorí už boli liečení bortezomibom aj lenalidomidom a došlo k progresii ochorenia pri poslednej liečbe. V tomto prehľadovom článku sumarizujeme mechanizmus účinku, prehľad klinických štúdií u pacientov s relabujúcim a refraktérnym mnohopočetným myelómom, ako aj nové kombinačné režimy. Kľúčové slová: pomalidomid – mnohopočetný myelóm – imunomodulačné látky

Despite improvements in multiple myeloma therapy, the vast majority of patients continue to suffer relapses. Unfortunately, many patients event. develop disease that is refractory to lenalidomide and bortezomib and have few treatment options. Pomalidomide is a potent second-generation immunomodulatory agent with direct antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects, as well as modulatory effects on bone resorption and on the immune system. Pomalidomide exhibited more potent anti-myeloma activity compared with thalidomide and lenalidomide. The optimal starting dose of pomalidomide is 4 mg given orally on days 1–21 of each 28-day cycle and combination with dexamethasone produces synergistic effects. In clinical trials, pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone has shown better responses, progression-free and overall survival than high-dose dexamethasone or pomalidomide alone. Pomalidomide has limited cross-resistance with lenalidomide, and the overall response rates of pomalidomide in lenalidomide/bortezomib dual-refractory patients ranged from 26 to 31%. The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events are hematologic, consisting of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia. Pomalidomide was approved by the FDA and the EMA in patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies including lenalidomide and bortezomib and have demonstrated disease progres­sion on their last therapy. We review pomalidomide mechanism of action, clinical trials in relapsed and refractory patients, and novel pomalidomide-based combinations. Key words: pomalidomide – multiple myeloma – immunomodulatory agents This study was supported by grant VEGA No. 1/0906/14. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers. Submitted: 5. 6. 2014 Accepted: 26. 6. 2014

• Klíčová slova
• studie MM-003,
• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• chemorezistence účinky léků   MeSH
• dexamethason * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• imunologické faktory * aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• přežití bez známek nemoci MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• thalidomid * analogy a deriváty   aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze terapeutické užití   MeSH
• myeloproliferativní poruchy farmakoterapie   MeSH
• thalidomid analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinické zkoušky MeSH

Pomalidomid je hrazen v ČR u pacientů s mnohočetným myelomem (v kombinaci s dexametazonem), při léčbě pacientů s relabovaným a refrakterním mnohočetným myelomem, kteří absolvovali alespoň 2 předchozí léčebná schémata zahrnující jak lenalidomid, tak bortezomib, s progresí onemocnění při poslední terapii (tj. během terapie nebo do 60 dnů od jejího ukončení), u kterých je jedinou další alternativou léčby (kromě pomalidomidu) léčba vysokodávkovaným dexametazonem a u kterých není indikována myeloablativní léčba s následnou transplantací krvetvorných buněk. Na našem pracovišti byl pomalidomid v této indikaci použit u 53 pacientů s mediánem věku 66 let. Pomalidomid byl podáván v 1 dávce denně po dobu 21 dnů v 28denních cyklech. Vzhledem k riziku tromboembolizmu při této léčbě byl všem pacientům podáván nízkomolekulární heparin v profylaktické dávce. Kompletní remise (CR) nebylo dosaženo u žádného pacienta, velmi dobré parciální remise (VGPR) dosáhlo 5 (9,4 %) pacientů, parciální remise (PR) dosáhlo 16 (30,2 %) pacientů, minimální léčebné odpovědi (MR) dosáhlo 6 (11,3 %) pacientů. Medián počtu podaných cyklů byl 4,4 (1–22). Více než 6 měsíců bylo léčeno 16 (28,5 %) nemocných. Pro krátkou dobu sledování nelze zatím hodnotit medián celkového přežití. U pacientů bylo ale možné vyhodnotit medián časového intervalu do progrese TTP, který byl 7,0 (3,8–8,2) měsíců. Tyto výsledky odpovídají velkým registračním studiím, v nichž léčebné odpovědi (alespoň PR) dosahuje třetina pacientů a mediány trvání léčebné odpovědi se pohybuji mezi 7–10 měsíci. Pomalidomid je lék s velmi dobrou tolerancí, který je účinný u pacientů s progredujícím mnohočetným myelomem.

In the Czech Republic, pomalidomide is covered for patients with multiple myeloma (in combination with dexamethasone), in the treatment of patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, who underwent at least 2 previous treatment schedules including both lenalidomide and bortezomibe, with disease progression despite the last therapy (i.e. during the therapy or within 60 days of its end), for whom the only remaining alternative of treatment (apart from pomalidomide) is that using high-dose dexamethasone, and who are not indicated for myeloablative treatment followed by a transplant of stem cells. At our centre pomalidomide was used in 53 patients at a median age of 66 years based on this indication. Pomalidomide was administered in 1 daily dose over 21 days in 28-day cycles. Considering the risk of thromboembolism occurring in this therapy, all patients were administered a prophylactic dose of low-molecular-weight heparin. No patient achieved complete remission (Czech Republic), 5 patients (9.4 %) achieved very good partial remission (VGPR), partial remission (PR) was achieved by 16 (30.2 %) patients, a minimum therapeutic response (MR) was recorded for 6 (11.3 %) patients. The median number of administered cycles was 4.4 (1–22). 16 (28.5 %) patients received treatment for more than 6 months. The overall survival median cannot be evaluated so far due to a short follow-up period. Nonetheless it was possible to evaluate a median time interval to progression (TTP) for the patients, which amounted to 7.0 (3.8–8.2) months. These results are consistent with large registration studies where therapeutic response (at least PR) is reached by 1/3 of the patients and medians of therapeutic response range between 7–10 months. Pomalidomide is a medicine with very good tolerance which is efficient in patients with a progressing multiple myeloma.

• Klíčová slova
• Pomalidomid,
• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• dexamethason farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunologické faktory farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II jako téma MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• přežití bez známek nemoci MeSH
• protinádorové látky farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• thalidomid farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH

BACKGROUND: Triplet or quadruplet therapies incorporating proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, and anti-CD38 antibodies have led to prolonged survival among patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma; however, most patients have a relapse. Frontline lenalidomide therapy has increased the number of patients with lenalidomide-refractory disease at the time of the first relapse. METHODS: In this phase 3, randomized, open-label trial, we evaluated belantamab mafodotin, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (BPd), as compared with pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (PVd), in lenalidomide-exposed patients who had relapsed or refractory myeloma after at least one line of therapy. The primary end point was progression-free survival. Disease response and safety were also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 302 patients underwent randomization; 155 were assigned to the BPd group, and 147 to the PVd group. At a median follow-up of 21.8 months (range, <0.1 to 39.2), the 12-month estimated progression-free survival with BPd was 71% (95% confidence interval [CI], 63 to 78), as compared with 51% (95% CI, 42 to 60) with PVd (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.73; P<0.001). Data on overall survival were immature. The percentage of patients with a response to treatment (partial response or better) was 77% (95% CI, 70 to 84) in the BPd group and 72% (95% CI, 64 to 79) in the PVd group; 40% (95% CI, 32 to 48) and 16% (95% CI, 11 to 23), respectively, had a complete response or better. Grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred in 94% of the patients in the BPd group and 76% of those in the PVd group. Ocular events occurred in 89% of the patients who received BPd (grade 3 or 4 in 43%) and 30% of those who received PVd (grade 3 or 4 in 2%); ocular events in the BPd group were managed with belantamab mafodotin dose modification. Ocular events led to treatment discontinuation in 9% of the patients in the BPd group and in no patients in the PVd group. CONCLUSIONS: Among lenalidomide-exposed patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma, BPd conferred a significantly greater benefit than PVd with respect to progression-free survival, as well as deeper, more durable responses. Ocular events were common but were controllable by belantamab mafodotin dose modification. (Funded by GSK; DREAMM-8 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04484623; EudraCT number, 2018-004354-21.).

• MeSH
• bortezomib aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• chemorezistence MeSH
• dexamethason * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• doba přežití bez progrese choroby * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
• lenalidomid aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru diagnóza   farmakoterapie   mortalita   MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   mortalita   MeSH
• oční nemoci chemicky indukované   epidemiologie   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• thalidomid * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

This phase 2 trial investigated reinduction with carfilzomib, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (KPd) and continuous pomalidomide/dexamethasone in patients at first progression during lenalidomide maintenance. The second objective was to evaluate high-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDM/ASCT) at first progression. Patients were eligible who had progressive disease according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria. Treatment consisted of 8 cycles carfilzomib (20/36 mg/m2), pomalidomide (4 mg) and dexamethasone. Patients without prior transplant received HDM/ASCT. Pomalidomide 4 mg w/o dexamethasone was given until progression. One hundred twelve patients were registered of whom 86 (77%) completed 8 cycles of KPd. Thirty-five (85%) eligible patients received HDM/ASCT. The median time to discontinuation of pomalidomide w/o dexamethasone was 17 months. Best response was 37% ≥ complete response, 75% ≥ very good partial response, 92% ≥ partial response, respectively. At a follow-up of 40 months median PFS was 26 and 32 months for patients who received KPd plus HDM/ASCT and 17 months for patients on KPd (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-1.00, P = 0.051). PFS was better after longer duration of prior lenalidomide (HR 3.56, 95% CI 1.42-8.96, P = 0.035). Median overall survival (OS) was 67 months. KPd-emerging grade 3 and 4 adverse events included hematologic (41%), cardiovascular (6%), respiratory (3%), infections (17%), and neuropathy (2%). KPd followed by continuous pomalidomide is an effective and safe triple drug regimen in second-line for patients previously exposed to bortezomib and/or refractory to lenalidomide.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies suggest that combining nivolumab, a programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, with pomalidomide/dexamethasone (Pd) with or without elotuzumab, an antisignaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7 monoclonal antibody, may improve multiple myeloma (MM) treatment efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The phase 3 CheckMate 602 study (NCT02726581) assessed the efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus pomalidomide/dexamethasone (NPd) and NPd plus elotuzumab (NE-Pd). Eligible patients (aged ≥ 18 years) had measurable MM after ≥ 2 prior lines of therapy, that included an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) and proteasome inhibitor (PI), each for ≥ 2 consecutive cycles, alone or combined, and were refractory to their last line of therapy. Patients were randomized 3:3:1 to receive NPd, Pd, or NE-Pd. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); overall response rate (ORR) was a key secondary endpoint. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 16.8 months, PFS was similar between treatment arms (Pd, 7.3 months [95% CI, 6.5-8.4]; NPd, 8.4 months [95% CI, 5.8-12.1]; NE-Pd, 6.3 months [95% CI, 2.4-11.1]). ORR was similar in the Pd (55%), NPd (48%), and NE-Pd (42%) arms. Nivolumab-containing arms were associated with a less favorable safety profile versus Pd, including a higher rate of thrombocytopenia (NPd, 25.0%; NE-Pd, 16.7%; Pd, 15.7%), any-grade immune-mediated adverse events (NPd, 13.9%; NE-Pd, 16.7%; Pd, 2.9%), and adverse events leading to discontinuation (NPd, 25.0%; NE-Pd, 33.3%; Pd, 18.6%). No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSION: CheckMate 602 did not demonstrate clinical benefit of nivolumab (+/- elotuzumab) plus Pd versus Pd for patients with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM).

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru farmakoterapie   MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom * farmakoterapie   mortalita   MeSH
• nivolumab * terapeutické užití   farmakologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie * terapeutické užití   farmakologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• thalidomid * analogy a deriváty   terapeutické užití   farmakologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Prvé skúsenosti s liečbou pacientov s mnohopočetným myelómom pomalidomidom na Slovensku. Farmakoterapie 2017;13(2):198–204. Pacienti s mnohopočetným myelómom refraktérni voči bortezomibu a lenalidomidu mali donedávna veľmi obmedzené možnosti ďalšej liečby a zlú prognózu. V auguste 2013 schválila Európska agentúra pre lieky (EMA) imunomodulačný liek druhej generácie pomalidomid, indikovaný v kombinácii s dexametazónom na liečbu dospelých pacientov s relabujúcim-refraktérnym mnohopočetným myelómom (RRMM), ktorí sa predtým podrobili najmenej dvom terapeutickým režimom, zahŕňajúcim ako lenalidomid, tak aj bortezomib a pri poslednej liečbe preukázali progresiu ochorenia. Na Slovensku zatiaľ nie je pomalidomid zaradený do zoznamu uhrádzaných liekov, a preto skúsenosti s jeho použitím sú obmedzené. Predstavujeme výsledky liečby pacientov z centier v Bratislave, Nitre, Martine a Košiciach v období jún 2014 až marec 2017. Celkový počet pacientov bol 23, dostatočné údaje pre vyhodnotenie sme získali od 21 pacientov. Z nich bolo 7 liečených na základe mimoriadneho schválenia úhrady lieku (podľa § 88 zákona č. 363/2011) a 14 pacientom poskytla liek spoločnosť Celgene. Medián veku bol 64 (rozsah 44–76). Pacienti boli intenzívne predliečení, medián počtu predchádzajúcich línií lieč- by bol 4 (3–10), 100 % pacientov bolo refraktérnych voči lenalidomidu. Liečbu pomalidomidom v kombinácii s dexametazónom sme začali u každého pacienta v dávke 4 mg 1.–21. deň 28-dňového cyklu. Dosiahnuté liečebné odpovede boli nasledovné: celková miera odpovedí (ORR) n = 14 (67 %), veľmi dobrá parciálna odpoveď (VGPR) n = 6 (29 %), parciálna odpoveď (PR) n = 8 (38 %), minimálna odpoveď (MR) n = 1 (5 %). Kompletnú remisiu (CR) nedosiahol ani jeden pacient. Stabilné ochorenie (SD) sa zaznamenalo u 6 pacientov (29 %). Medián počtu podaných cyklov bol 8 (3–28), medián trvania liečby bol 10 mesiacov (3–34). Pri mediáne sledovania 16 mesiacov bol medián prežívania bez progresie (PFS) 13,0 mesiacov (95% CI: 5,9–20,1). Medián celkového prežívania (OS) nebol dosiahnutý. Nežiaduce účinky boli očakávané, aj v prípade vyššieho stupňa úspešne zvládnuté úpravou liečebného režimu a podpornou medikáciou. Ani v jednom prípade neviedli k predčasnému ukončeniu liečby pomalidomidom. Pacienti v našom súbore mali porovnateľné charakteristiky s pacientmi v registračnej štúdii pre pomalidomid MM-003, zaznamenali sme vyšší počet podaných cyklov, vyššiu mieru odpovedí a dlhší PFS, k čomu mohol prispieť starostlivý vý- ber pacientov. Vzhľadom na obmedzenú dostupnosť pomalidomidu sme indikovali pacientov v dobrom výkonnostnom stave s predpokladom úspešnej liečby. Navyše 6 pacientov malo pre nedostatočný účinok v priebehu liečby pridaný tretí liek do kombinácie. Treba podotknúť, že u týchto ťažko predliečených pacientov aj dosiahnutie SD prinieslo benefit vo forme kontroly ochorenia pri dobrej kvalite života.

Multiple myeloma patients refractory to both bortezomib and lenalidomide had until recently limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Pomalidomide, a second generation immunomodulatory agent, was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in August 2013 for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies including lenalidomide and bortezomib and have progressed on their last therapy. Pomalidomide has not yet been included in the list of reimbursed drugs in Slovakia, therefore experience with its use is very limited. We present the results of pomalidomide treatment in patients from Slovak centres in Bratislava, Nitra, Martin and Košice in the period June 2014– March 2017th. The total number of patients was 23, sufficient data for evaluation we obtained from 21 patients. Seven patients were treated based on exceptional reimbursement approval (in accordance with § 88 of Act no. 363/2011). 14 patients were treated with Celgene provided pomalidomide. Median age was 64 years (range 44–76). Patients were heavily pretreated, the median of prior lines therapy was 4 (range 3–10), 100% of patients were refractory to lenalidomide. Initial dose of pomalidomide was 4 mg daily, D1–D21 in 28-days cycles, administered in combination with dexamethasone. Overall response rate was n=14 (67 %), no patients achieved complete remission, 6 pts (29%) achieved very good partial response, 8 pts (38%) partial response, 1 patient (5%) minimal response. Stable disease was reported in 6 patients (29%). Median of treatment cycles administered was 8 (3–28), median treatment duration was 10 months (3–34). At the median follow up of 16 months, median progression free survival (PFS) was 13,0 months (95% CI 5,9–21). Median overall survival was not reached. Adverse events (AEs) were predictable, manageable with dose adjustment and supportive treatment. AEs did not lead to premature discontinuation of treatment. Patients characteristics in our group were comparable with those from the registration trial MM-003. Higher response rate, higher median of cycles administered, longer PFS were observed in our group compared to registration trial MM-003. This may be due to strict patient´s selection in condition of limited drug access. Moreover, 6 patients had third drug added in the combination during treatment due to lack of efficacy. In these heavily pretreated patients achieving SD also bring benefits in the form of disease control with good quality of life.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• imunologické faktory aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nežádoucí účinky léčiv epidemiologie   MeSH
• přežití bez známek nemoci MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• thalidomid analogy a deriváty   aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH

The primary and prespecified updated analyses of ICARIA-MM (clinicaltrial gov. Identifier: NCT02990338) demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) and a benefit in overall survival (OS) was reported with the addition of isatuximab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, to pomalidomide-dexamethasone (Pd) in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Here, we report the final OS analysis. This multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III study included patients who had received and failed ≥2 previous therapies, including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor. Between January 10, 2017, and February 2, 2018, 307 patients were randomized (1:1) to isatuximab-pomalidomide-dexamethasone (Isa-Pd; N=154) or Pd (N=153), stratified based on age (<75 vs. ≥75 years) and number of previous lines of therapy (2-3 vs. >3). At data cutoff for the final OS analysis after 220 OS events (January 27, 2022), median follow-up duration was 52.4 months. Median OS was 24.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.3-31.3) with Isa-Pd and 17.7 months (95% CI: 14.4- 26.2) with Pd (hazard ratio=0.78; 95% CI: 0.59-1.02; 1-sided P=0.0319). Despite subsequent daratumumab use in the Pd group and its potential benefit on PFS in the first subsequent therapy line, median PFS2 was significantly longer with Isa-Pd versus Pd (17.5 vs. 12.9 months; log-rank 1-sided P=0.0091). In this analysis, Isa-Pd continued to be efficacious and well tolerated after follow-up of approximately 52 months, contributing to a clinically meaningful, 6.9-month improvement in median OS in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• chemorezistence MeSH
• dexamethason * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom * farmakoterapie   mortalita   patologie   MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie * terapeutické užití   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• thalidomid * analogy a deriváty   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Isatuximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds a specific epitope on the human CD38 receptor and has antitumour activity via multiple mechanisms of action. In a previous phase 1b study, around 65% of patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma achieved an overall response with a combination of isatuximab with pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone. The aim of this study was to determine the progression-free survival benefit of isatuximab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone compared with pomalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. METHODS: We did a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study at 102 hospitals in 24 countries in Europe, North America, and the Asia-Pacific regions. Eligible participants were adult patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who had received at least two previous lines of treatment, including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor. Patients were excluded if they were refractory to previous treatment with an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. We randomly assigned patients (1:1) to either isatuximab 10 mg/kg plus pomalidomide 4 mg plus dexamethasone 40 mg (20 mg for patients aged ≥75 years), or pomalidomide 4 mg plus dexamethasone 40 mg. Randomisation was done using interactive response technology and stratified according to the number of previous lines of treatment (2-3 vs >3) and age (<75 years vs ≥75 years). Treatments were assigned based on a permuted blocked randomisation scheme with a block size of four. The isatuximab-pomalidomide-dexamethasone group received isatuximab intravenously on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 in the first 28-day cycle, then on days 1 and 15 in subsequent cycles. Both groups received oral pomalidomide on days 1 to 21 in each cycle, and oral or intravenous dexamethasone on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each cycle. Treatment continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal. Dose reductions for adverse reactions were permitted for pomalidomide and dexamethasone, but not for isatuximab. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival, determined by an independent response committee and assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02990338. FINDINGS: Between Jan 10, 2017, and Feb 2, 2018, we randomly assigned 307 patients to treatment: 154 to isatuximab-pomalidomide-dexamethasone, and 153 to pomalidomide-dexamethasone. At a median follow-up of 11·6 months (IQR 10·1-13·9), median progression-free survival was 11·5 months (95% CI 8·9-13·9) in the isatuximab-pomalidomide-dexamethasone group versus 6·5 months (4·5-8·3) in the pomalidomide-dexamethasone group; hazard ratio 0·596, 95% CI 0·44-0·81; p=0·001 by stratified log-rank test. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (any grade; isatuximab-pomalidomide-dexamethasone vs pomalidomide-dexamethasone) were infusion reactions (56 [38%] vs 0), upper respiratory tract infections (43 [28%] vs 26 [17%]), and diarrhoea (39 [26%] vs 29 [20%]). Adverse events with a fatal outcome were reported in 12 patients (8%) in the isatuximab-pomalidomide-dexamethasone group and 14 (9%) in the pomalidomide-dexamethasone group. Deaths due to treatment-related adverse events were reported for one patient (<1%) in the isatuximab-pomalidomide-dexamethasone group (sepsis) and two (1%) in the pomalidomide-dexamethasone group (pneumonia and urinary tract infection). INTERPRETATION: The addition of isatuximab to pomalidomide-dexamethasone significantly improves progression-free survival in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Isatuximab is an important new treatment option for the management of relapsed and refractory myeloma, particularly for patients who become refractory to lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor. FUNDING: Sanofi. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

• MeSH
• dexamethason aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• doba přežití bez progrese choroby MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru farmakoterapie   MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom farmakoterapie   MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• thalidomid aplikace a dávkování   analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• audiovizuální média MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Severní Amerika MeSH

BACKGROUND: The primary analysis of the ICARIA-MM study showed significant improvement in progression-free survival with addition of isatuximab to pomalidomide-dexamethasone in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Here, we report a prespecified updated overall survival analysis at 24 months after the primary analysis. METHODS: In this randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who had received at least two previous lines of therapy, including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor, and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 were recruited from 102 hospitals in 24 countries across Europe, North America, and the Asia-Pacific regions. Patients were excluded if they had anti-CD38 refractory disease or previously received pomalidomide. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1), using an interactive response technology with permuted blocked randomisation (block size of four) and stratified by number of previous treatment lines (2-3 vs >3) and aged (<75 vs ≥75 years), to isatuximab-pomalidomide-dexamethasone (isatuximab group) or pomalidomide-dexamethasone (control group). In the isatuximab group, intravenous isatuximab 10 mg/kg was administered on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of the first 4-week cycle, and then on days 1 and 15 of subsequent cycles. Both groups received oral pomalidomide 4 mg on days 1-21 of each cycle, and weekly oral or intravenous dexamethasone 40 mg (20 mg if aged ≥75 years) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of each cycle. Treatment was continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. Here' we report a prespecified second interim analysis of overall survival (time from randomisation to any-cause death), a key secondary endpoint, in the intention-to-treat population (ie, all patients who provided informed consent and allocated a randomisation number) at 24 months after the primary analysis. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose or part dose of study treatment. The prespecified stopping boundary for the overall survival analysis was when the derived p value was equal to or less than 0·0181. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02990338, and is active, but not recruiting. FINDINGS: Between Jan 10, 2017, and Feb 2, 2018, 387 patients were screened and 307 randomly assigned to either the isatuximab (n=154) or control group (n=153). Median follow-up at data cutoff (Oct 1, 2020) was 35·3 months (IQR 33·5-37·4). Median overall survival was 24·6 months (95% CI 20·3-31·3) in the isatuximab group and 17·7 months (14·4-26·2) in the control group (hazard ratio 0·76 [95% CI 0·57-1·01]; one-sided log-rank p=0·028, not crossing prespecified stopping boundary). The most common grade 3 or worse treatment-emergent adverse events in the isatuximab group versus the control group were neutropenia (76 [50%] of 152 patients vs 52 [35%] of 149 patients), pneumonia (35 [23%] vs 31 [21%]), and thrombocytopenia (20 [13%] vs 18 [12%]). Serious treatment-emergent adverse events were observed in 111 (73%) patients in the isatuximab group and 90 (60%) patients in the control group. Two (1%) treatment-related deaths occurred in the isatuximab group (one due to sepsis and one due to cerebellar infarction) and two (1%) occurred in the control group (one due to pneumonia and one due to urinary tract infection). INTERPRETATION: Addition of isatuximab plus pomalidomide-dexamethasone resulted in a 6·9-month difference in median overall survival compared with pomalidomide-dexamethasone and is a new standard of care for lenalidomide-refractory and proteasome inhibitor-refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma. Final overall survival analysis follow-up is ongoing. FUNDING: Sanofi.

• MeSH
• dexamethason MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• thalidomid analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH